scholarly journals Restriction of caloric intake is a key to prevention of vascular ageing

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Ya A Orlova

Studies in recent decades suggest that slowing down the aging process is now real. We describe a number of physiological processes, which may affect the mortality and age-related deterioration of the functional state. One of the most studied impact is to limit caloric intake, which implies a decrease in daily caloric intake by 30-50% compared with an unlimited meal.Showing the effects of GST on the total risk of developing cardiovascular disease, different biomarkers of aging in people without obesity, blood pressure, and others.

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (39) ◽  
pp. 4139-4149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Guarasci ◽  
Patrizia D'Aquila ◽  
Alberto Montesanto ◽  
Andrea Corsonello ◽  
Dina Bellizzi ◽  
...  

: Patterns of DNA methylation, the best characterized epigenetic modification, are modulated by aging. In humans, different studies at both site-specific and genome-wide levels have reported that modifications of DNA methylation are associated with the chronological aging process but also with the quality of aging (or biological aging), providing new perspectives for establishing powerful biomarkers of aging. : In this article, the role of DNA methylation in aging and longevity has been reviewed by analysing literature data about DNA methylation variations occurring during the lifetime in response to environmental factors and genetic background, and their association with the aging process and, in particular, with the quality of aging. Special attention has been devoted to the relationship between nuclear DNA methylation patterns, mitochondrial DNA epigenetic modifications, and longevity. Mitochondrial DNA has recently been reported to modulate global DNA methylation levels of the nuclear genome during the lifetime, and, in spite of the previous belief, it has been found to be the target of methylation modifications. : Analysis of DNA methylation profiles across lifetime shows that a remodeling of the methylome occurs with age and/or with age-related decline. Thus, it can be an excellent biomarker of aging and of the individual decline and frailty status. The knowledge about the mechanisms underlying these modifications is crucial since it might allow the opportunity for targeted treatment to modulate the rate of aging and longevity.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8134
Author(s):  
Annalucia Carbone ◽  
Natalia Linkova ◽  
Victoria Polyakova ◽  
Ekaterina Mironova ◽  
Ulduz Hashimova ◽  
...  

Melatonin (MT) and sirtuins (SIRT) are geroprotective molecules that hold back the aging process and the development of age-related diseases, including cardiovascular pathologies. Buccal epithelium (BE) sampling is a non-invasive procedure, yielding highly informative material for evaluating the expression of genes and proteins as well as the synthesis of molecules. Among these, MT and SIRTs are valuable markers of the aging process and age-related pathologies. The purpose of this study was to examine age-related expression patterns of these signaling molecules, in particular MT, SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 in BE of subjects of different ages with and without arterial hypertension (AH). We used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence analysis by confocal microscopy. We found that MT immunofluorescence intensity in BE decreases with aging, more evidently in AH patients. SIRT3 and SIRT6 genes expression and immunofluorescence intensity in BE was decreased in aging controls. In AH patients, SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 gene expression and immunofluorescence intensity in BE was decreased in relation to age and in comparison with age-matched controls. In conclusion, the evaluation of MT and sirtuins in BE could provide a non-invasive method for appraising the aging process, also when accompanied by AH.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 736-736
Author(s):  
Morgan E Levine

Abstract Aging is associated with numerous changes at all levels of biological organization. Harnessing this information to develop measures that accurately and reliably quantify the biological aging process will require systems biology approaches. This talk will illustrate how epigenetic data can be integrated with cellular, physiological, proteomic, and clinical data to model age-related changes that propagate up the levels—finally manifesting as age-related disease or death. I will also describe how network modeling and machine learning approaches (linear and non-linear) can be used to identify causal features in aging from which to generate novel biomarkers. Given the complexity of the biological aging process, modeling of systems dynamics over time will both lead to the development of better biomarkers of aging, and also inform our conceptualization of how alterations at the molecular level propagate up levels of organization to eventually influence morbidity and mortality risk.


Circulation ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 308-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley S. Franklin ◽  
William Gustin ◽  
Nathan D. Wong ◽  
Martin G. Larson ◽  
Michael A. Weber ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. H1113-H1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameed Ahmed ◽  
Rui Hu ◽  
Jessica Leete ◽  
Anita T. Layton

Sex differences in blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension are found in humans and animal models. Moreover, there has been a recent explosion of data concerning sex differences in nitric oxide, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, inflammation, and kidney function. These data have the potential to reveal the mechanisms underlying male-female differences in blood pressure control. To elucidate the interactions among the multitude of physiological processes involved, one may apply computational models. In this review, we describe published computational models that represent key players in blood pressure regulation, and highlight sex-specific models and their findings.


2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon M. Tourtillott ◽  
John A. Ferraro ◽  
Ali Bani-Ahmed ◽  
Elaine Almquist ◽  
Nandini Deshpande

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (20) ◽  
pp. 1780-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciarán Finucane ◽  
Matthew D.L. O’Connell ◽  
Chie Wei Fan ◽  
George M. Savva ◽  
Christopher J. Soraghan ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Е.А. Лялюкова ◽  
Е.Н. Логинова

Пациенты пожилого и старческого возраста в силу физиологических причин и коморбидной патологии имеют высокий риск развития запора. Причиной запора чаще всего являются алиментарные факторы и возраст-ассоциированные заболевания и повреждения толстой кишки (дивертикулярная болезнь, ишемия толстой кишки, ректоцеле, геморрой и другие); метаболические, эндокринные расстройства и неврологические заболевания. Возрастные анатомические, структурные и функциональные изменения пищеварительной системы вносят свой вклад в развитие запоров у пожилых. У пациентов «серебряного возраста» отмечено увеличение длины желудочно-кишечного тракта, прогрессирование атрофических, склеротических изменений слизистой и подслизистой оболочки, снижение количества секреторных клеток, замещение мышечных волокон соединительной тканью и др. Все это способствует замедлению транзита по желудочно-кишечному тракту и нарушению акта дефекации. Образ жизни пожилых людей также может способствовать развитию запора. Низкое содержание в рационе клетчатки, употребление преимущественно термически обработанной пищи, нарушение ритма питания (прием пищи 1-2 раза в день) являются одной из причин возникновения запоров у пожилых, чему способствуют трудности при жевании вследствие стоматологических проблем. Колоноскопия показана всем пациентам пожилого и старческого возраста с запором, а выявление «симптомов тревоги» необходимо проводить при каждом визите пациента. Вне зависимости от причины вторичного запора, все пациенты должны осуществлять ряд мер немедикаментозного характера, включающих изменение образа жизни, диету с включением достаточного количества клетчатки и потребление жидкости. Физические методы лечения могут включать лечебную гимнастику, массаж толстой кишки для стимуляции моторной активности кишечника в определенное время. При неэффективности немедикаментозных мероприятий рекомендуется использование осмотических слабительных, а также средств, увеличивающих объем каловых масс. Высокая эффективность и безопасность псиллиума позволяет рекомендовать его в лечении хронического запора у пожилых пациентов. Elderly and senile patients, due to physiological reasons and comorbid pathology, have a high risk of constipation. The causes of constipation are more often nutritional factors and age-associated diseases and damage to the colon (diverticular disease, colon ischemia, rectocele, hemorrhoids, and others); metabolic, endocrine disorders and neurological diseases. Age-related anatomical, structural and functional changes in the digestive system contribute to the development of constipation in the elderly. In patients of «silver age», there was an increase in the length of the gastrointestinal tract, the progression of atrophic, sclerotic changes in the mucous and submucosa, a decrease in the number of secretory cells, replacement of muscle fibers with connective tissue, etc. All this contributes to the slowing down of transit through the gastrointestinal tract and the violation of the act of defecation. Elderly lifestyles can also contribute to constipation. The low fiber content in the diet, the use of mainly thermally processed food, the violation of the rhythm of the diet (eating 1-2 times a day) are one of the causes of constipation in the elderly, which is facilitated by difficulty in chewing due to dental problems. Colonoscopy is ordered for all elderly and senile patients with constipation, and the identification of «anxiety symptoms» should be carried out at each patient visit. Regardless of the cause of secondary constipation, all patients should take a number of non-pharmacological measures, including lifestyle changes, a diet with adequate fiber, and fluid intake. Physical therapies may include medical gymnastics, colon massage to stimulate bowel movement at specific times. If non-drug measures are ineffective, it is recommended to use osmotic laxatives, as well as agents that increase the volume of feces. Psyllium supplementation is recommended for treatment of chronic constipation in elderly patients due to its high efficacy and safety.


2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinten S. Bernhold

The communicative ecology model of successful aging (CEMSA) examines how people’s language and communication surrounding the aging process (e.g., making age-related excuses) predicts successful aging. Using the CEMSA, this study examined how middle-aged U.S. American children’s and their parents’ age-related communication predicts children’s subjective perceptions of their own successful aging, via children’s aging efficacy. Three communication profiles emerged for children and their parents, namely engaged, bantering, and disengaged agers. Path analysis revealed that parents’ age-related communication predicted children’s successful aging, via children’s aging efficacy. Relative to children with disengaged parents, children with bantering parents were more likely to be efficacious with respect to their aging, which in turn positively predicted successful aging. The language and communication people observe from older family members may be consequential in shaping their aging trajectories for the better or worse.


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