Antimicrobial Efficacy of Vaccinium macrocarpon mouthwash against Steptococcus mutans in dental plaque of caries active children – A randomized controlled trial

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) extracts have been found to be rich in polyphenols specifically, including flavonoids, that have been found to exhibit beneficial properties to human health. Considering the recent inclination in the preference of people towards herbal based products and remedies, and taking into account the possible side-effects of chlorhexidine, the current study was undertaken to comparatively evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Vaccinium macrocarpon and chlorhexidine mouthwash on the Streptococcus mutans count in the dental plaque of caries, active children. The study follows a parallel design involving 50 children divided into two groups of 25 each - Group 1: chlorhexidine mouthwash; Group 2: cranberry mouthwash. The initial plaque samples and the samples were taken after 14 days were evaluated using a digital colony counter for determining the streptococcal colony count/ml. A statistically significant difference was found in both the groups with respect to the Streptococcal colony count when the intra-group comparison was made comparing the baseline values to the values after 14 days. However, no significant difference was seen in the percentage of reduction in the microbial CFU/ml between the two groups. Cranberry mouthwash can be considered to be an effective alternative to Chlorhexidine mouthwash, given its additional systemic effects apart from local beneficial effects in the oral region. Future scope in research should be aimed at evaluating its long term health benefits and any possible adverse effects.

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Randomized Controlled Trial of the Clinical Recovery and Biodegradation of Polylactide-co-glycolide Implants Used in the Intramedullary Nailing of Children’s Forearm Shaft Fractures with at Least Four Years of Follow-Up

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10050995 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 995

Author(s):

Marja Perhomaa ◽

Tytti Pokka ◽

Linda Korhonen ◽

Antti Kyrö ◽

Jaakko Niinimäki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intramedullary Nailing ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Intramedullary Nails ◽

Metal Implants ◽

Shaft Fractures ◽

Fractures In Children ◽

Significant Difference

The preferred surgical fixation of forearm shaft fractures in children is Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing (ESIN). Due to known disadvantageous effects of metal implants, a new surgical method using biodegradable polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) intramedullary nails has been developed but its long-term outcomes are unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of Biodegradable Intramedullary Nailing (BIN) to ESIN and assess the biodegradation of the study implants via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The study population of the prospective, randomized trial consisted of paediatric patients whose forearm shaft fractures were treated with BIN (n = 19) or ESIN (n = 16). Forearm rotation at minimally four years’ follow-up was the main outcome. There was no clinically significant difference in the recovery of the patients treated with the BIN as compared to those treated with the ESIN. More than half of the implants (57.7%, n = 15/26) were completely degraded, and the rest were degraded almost completely. The PLGA intramedullary nails used in the treatment of forearm shaft fractures in this study resulted in good function and anatomy. No unexpected disadvantages were found in the degradation of the implants. However, two implant failures had occurred in three months postoperatively.

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What is the impact of methotrexate on liver in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis? Results of liver SWE performed in a single centre

Modern Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/mr/roab064 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vildan Güngörer ◽

Mehmet Öztürk ◽

Mustafa Yasir Özlü ◽

Şükrü Arslan

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Shear Wave Elastography ◽

Term Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Long Term Therapy ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Objectives Long-term therapy with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in treatment of rheumatic diseases, in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate liver elasticity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who received MTX and compare the results with control group. Methods Liver elasticity was evaluated with shear wave elastography (SWE) technique in 25 patients aged 3–17 years who were followed up with JIA and received MTX and compared with 25 healthy controls of the same age and weight. Factors that had an effect on liver elasticity were examined. Results The mean SWE value of patients was 2.64 ± 2.13 m/s and 24.10 ± 18.50 kPa, whereas 1.83 ± 0.16 m/s and 10.09 ± 1.83 kPa in control group. There was a significant difference in liver elasticity in the patient and control groups. When the patients were evaluated as Group 1 (< 1000 mg) and Group 2 (≥ 1000 mg) according to the cumulative MTX dose, no significant difference was obtained. There was positive correlation between liver elasticity and weekly MTX dose and age. Conclusions Our study revealed that liver elasticity significantly decreased in patients who received MTX when compared with the control group. The elastography technique will be understood better over time and used safely in many areas.

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Abstract 12022: Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Everolimus-Eluting Stents versus Sirolimus-Eluting Stents: Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis of 14 Randomized Control Trials, Focused on Stent Thrombosis

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.130.suppl_2.12022 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

TOSHIAKI TOYOTA ◽

Hiroki Shiomi ◽

Takeshi Morimoto ◽

Takeshi Kimura

Keyword(s):

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Stent Thrombosis ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Target Lesion ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Artery Disease

Background: We sought to compare the long-term clinical outcomes between everolimus-eluting stent (EES) and sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) with a meta-analysis method. The long-term clinical outcomes, especially stent thrombosis (ST), after EES versus SES implantation has not been clearly defined among trials directly comparing the 2 types of stents. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane database, and ClinicalTrials.gov. for trials comparing outcomes between EES (Xience V/Promus) and SES (Cypher select/Cypher select plus) in patients with native coronary artery disease using randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. We selected the article reporting the longest follow-up outcomes from each RCT. The outcome measure was all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), definite ST, and target-lesion revascularization (TLR). ST was further classified as those occurring early (<=30 days), late (30-365 days), or very late (<365 days). Results: We identified 14 RCT comparing EES and SES including 2 trials reporting the longest follow-up outcomes as a pooled analysis. We analyzed 13,434 randomly assigned patients with the weighted follow-up period of 2.1 years (Follow-up <=1-year: 7 trials, and 3191 patients; >1-year: 7 trials, and 10243 patients). EES as compared to SES was associated with significantly lower risks for overall ST, and early ST (pooled odds ratio (OR) 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.81, P=0.01, and OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.18-0.99, P=0.046, respectively), while there was no significant difference in the risk for late ST and very late ST (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.17-1.43, P=0.19, and OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.23-1.85, P=0.43, respectively). EES as compared to SES was also associated with significantly lower risks for TLR (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-0.99, P=0.04). There was no significant difference in the risk for all-cause death, and MI between EES and SES. (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.78-1.07, P=0.11, and OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.75-1.13, P=0.44, respectively). Conclusions: In the current meta-analysis of 14 RCT directly comparing EES with SES, implantation of EES as compared to SES implantation was associated with significantly lower risk for definite ST and TLR.

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Efficacy of a U-Shaped Automatic Electric Toothbrush in Dental Plaque Removal: A Cross-Over Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17134649 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (13) ◽

pp. 4649

Author(s):

Michele Nieri ◽

Veronica Giuntini ◽

Umberto Pagliaro ◽

Monica Giani ◽

Lorenzo Franchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Plaque Score ◽

Plaque Removal ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Electric Toothbrush

Background: The aim of this single-use, four-treatment, four-period (visit), cross-over, mono-centered, examiner-blind, cross-over randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the efficacy in dental plaque removal of a U-shaped automatic electric toothbrush (U) compared to a conventional powered toothbrush (P), a habitual toothbrushing procedure (H), and no brushing (N). Methods: Eligible participants were volunteer students. Primary outcome measure was the reduction in full-mouth plaque score (FMPS) after brushing. The secondary outcome variable was a visual analogic scale (VAS) on subjective clean mouth sensation. Mixed models were performed for difference in FMPS and VAS. Results: Twenty-two participants were randomized to the treatments in the four periods of the study. The differences between treatments in FMPS reduction after brushing were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The differences were statistically significant between the U and P groups (difference −48; 95% CI from −54 to −41) favoring the P group, and between the U and H groups (difference −45; 95% CI from −52 to −39) favoring the H group. On the contrary, the difference between the U and N groups was not significant (difference 5; 95% CI from −2 to 12) favoring the U group. The differences between treatments in clean mouth VAS was statistically significant (p < 0.0001) favoring the P and H groups. Conclusions: The U-shaped automatic electric toothbrush tested in this study proved to be not effective in removing dental plaque.

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Comparison of quality of obturation and instrumentation time using hand files and two rotary file systems in primary molars: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/ejd.ejd_345_16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (03) ◽

pp. 376-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lavanya Govindaraju ◽

Ganesh Jeevanandan ◽

E. M. G. Subramanian

Keyword(s):

Primary Teeth ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

File Systems ◽

Pediatric Dentistry ◽

Primary Molars ◽

Chi Square ◽

Intergroup Comparison ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2

ABSTRACT Objective: In permanent dentition, different rotary systems are used for canal cleaning and shaping. Rotary instrumentation in pediatric dentistry is an emerging concept. A very few studies have compared the efficiency of rotary instrumentation for canal preparation in primary teeth. Hence, this study was performed to compare the obturation quality and instrumentation time of two rotary files systems – Protaper, Mtwo with hand files in primary molars. Materials and Methods: Forty-five primary mandibular molars were randomly allotted to one of the three groups. Instrumentation was done using K-files in Group 1; Protaper in Group 2; and Mtwo in Group 3. Instrumentation time was recorded. The canal filling quality was assessed as underfill, optimal fill, and overfill. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square, ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey test. Results: No significant difference was observed in the quality of obturation among three groups. Intergroup comparison of the instrumentation time showed a statistically significant difference between the three groups.Conclusion: The use of rotary instrumentation in primary teeth results in marked reduction in the instrumentation time and improves the quality of obturation.

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Invasive pericranial nerve interventions

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102416639515 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (12) ◽

pp. 1156-1169 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Anna Ambrosini ◽

Jean Schoenen

Keyword(s):

Cluster Headache ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Local Anaesthetics ◽

Chronic Cluster Headache ◽

Surgical Decompression ◽

Published Data ◽

Primary Headaches ◽

Nerve Blocks ◽

Beneficial Effects

Background In many patients suffering from primary headaches, the available pharmacological and behavioural treatments are not satisfactory. This is a review of (minimally) invasive interventions targeting pericranial nerves that could be effective in refractory patients. Methods The interventions we will cover have in common pericranial nerves as targets, but are distinct according to their rationale, modality and invasiveness. They range from nerve blocks/infiltrations to the percutaneous implantation of neurostimulators and surgical decompression procedures. We have critically analysed the published data (PubMed) on their effectiveness and tolerability. Results and conclusions There is clear evidence for a preventative effect of suboccipital injections of local anaesthetics and/or steroids in cluster headache, while evidence for such an effect is weak in migraine. Percutaneous occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) provides significant long-term relief in more than half of drug-resistant chronic cluster headache patients, but no sham-controlled trial has tested this. The evidence that ONS has lasting beneficial effects in chronic migraine is at best equivocal. Suboccipital infiltrations are quasi-devoid of side effects, while ONS is endowed with numerous, though reversible, adverse events. Claims that surgical decompression of multiple pericranial nerves is effective in migraine are not substantiated by large, rigorous, randomized and sham-controlled trials.

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The effect of supragingival glycine air polishing on periodontitis during maintenance therapy: a randomized controlled trial

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.4371 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e4371 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hongye Lu ◽

Lu He ◽

Yibing Zhao ◽

Huanxin Meng

Keyword(s):

Maintenance Therapy ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Maintenance Treatment ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Air Polishing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Plaque Biofilm

Background Glycine air polishing has been proved to be safe, comfortable and time-saving. Whether it could substitute ultrasonic scaling to remove dental plaque biofilm during periodontal maintenance remains unclear. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of supragingival glycine air polishing (SGAP) on the subgingival periodontal pathogens during maintenance therapy and to check the association of periodontal pathogens and clinical parameters. Methods Twenty-three chronic periodontitis patients during their maintenance therapy were enrolled in the 12-week study. According to randomized split-mouth design, the test side was treated with SGAP (65 μm), while the control side was treated with supragingival ultrasonic scaling and polishing (SUSP) with rubber cup. Clinical examination including plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD), bleeding index (BI) were performed at baseline and 12 weeks post-treatment. Sampling of the subgingival plaque at each investigational site (mesiobuccal site of the mandibular first molar) was performed at baseline and 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after maintenance treatment. Four periodontal pathogens including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and Fusobacterium nucleatum were detected by 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction. Results Clinical status generally improved after treatment in both groups. PLI in both groups, PD in SGAP group and bleeding on probing (%) in SUSP group significantly decreased after treatment (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference of clinical parameters between two groups before and after treatment. The detection rates of P. gingivalis, T. denticola in both groups, T. forsythia in SUSP group and F. nucleatum in SGAP group decreased after maintenance treatment in both groups, although no significant difference was found, and it rebound to baseline level at 12 weeks after maintenance treatment. There was no significant difference between SGAP group and SUSP group at any time point. T. denticola-positive sites had significantly greater BI than T. denticola-negative sites (p < 0.05). Discussion Supragingival glycine air polishing had a reliable effect in removing subgingival dental plaque biofilm during maintenance period, and three months may be a proper maintenance interval for pockets not more than 5 mm.

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The Effects of Flaxseed Supplementation On Circulating Adipokines Concentration in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-754332/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nava Morshedzadeh ◽

Mehran Rahimlou ◽

Shabnam Shahrokh ◽

Soheila Karimi ◽

Vahid Chaleshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Baseline Weight ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

And Control

Abstract Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases that can affect people of all ages. Adipokines secreted from adipose tissue have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with your seed on the concentrations of adiponectin, resistin and visfatin in patients with UC.Methods: This trial is an open-labeled randomized controlled trial which conducted among 70 patients with UC. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: flaxseed and control. Patients in the intervention were received 30 g/day flaxseed powder for 12 weeks. Anthropometric, nutritional and biochemical factors of patients were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention period.Results: Totally, 64 patients (36 men and 28 women) with mean age of 31.12 ± 9.67 included in the final analysis. There wasn’t any significant difference between two groups in term of baseline weight and height (P>0.05). After the 12 weeks' intervention, flaxseed supplementation led to a significant reduction in the resistin (-4.85 ± 1.89 vs. -1.10 ± 2.25, P<0.001) and visfatin concentration (-1.33± 1.14 vs. -0.53 ± 1.63, P=0.018). Moreover, we found a significant increase in the adiponectin levels after the flaxseed supplementation (3.49 ± 1.29 vs. -0.35 ± 0.96, P<0.001).Conclusion: It has been reported in this study that flaxseed supplementation could exert beneficial effects on adipokine levels in patients with UC. Trial registration: IRCT registration no. IRCT20180311039043N1

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Antioxidatant Effect of Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin in Hyperlipidemic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jafmc.v14i1.42723 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 54-58

Author(s):

Samia Haque Tonu ◽

Jasmine Fauzia Dewan ◽

Nargis Akhter ◽

Md Enamul Haque ◽

Md Abdul Wahab

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Serum Lipid Profile ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Oxidative Stress Status

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is a major risk for the development of atherosclerosis leading to cardiovascular complications. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are two widely used important members of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statins). The beneficial effects of statins on clinical events also involve lipid-independent mechanisms which include improvement of oxidative stress status. Objective: To compare the antioxidative effect of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in patients with hyperlipidemia. Materials and Methods: A prospective randomized single-center analytic study was carried out in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from March 2016 to August 2017 on 52 hyperlipidemic patients. After randomization patients were assigned to atorvastatin 10 mg or rosuvastatin 5 mg daily for 8 weeks. Blood was collected at baseline and after the intervention to measure plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH) (as biomarkers of oxidative stress) and serum lipid profile. Results: The baseline characteristics of patients treated with atorvastatin and rosuvastatin were almost identical. The level of plasma MDA in atorvastatin (1.35 ± 0.94 to 0.97± 0.64) and rosuvastatin (1.56±0.69 to 0.98±0.38) group was significantly reduced after intervention (28.15%, p<0.05 and 37.18%, p<0.001 respectively) but no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between the two statin-treated groups. Erythrocyte GSH level was increased after intervention in both atorvastatin (2.43±2.90 to 4.14 ± 4.87) group (70.37%, p<0.01) and rosuvastatin (2.76±3.80 to 8.36±12.93) group (202.90%, p<0.01), which was statistically significant. No significant difference was observed between the two groups (p>0.05). Both atorvastatin and rosuvastatin significantly improved serum lipid profile. Conclusion: Both atorvastatin and rosuvastatin significantly improved oxidative stress status in hyperlipidemic patients but no significant change was observed between the two statin-treated groups. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 54-58

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Effect of almonds consumption on anthropometric measurements and blood parameters in overweight and obese females in a weight reduction program

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s002966512000138x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Sabiha İrem Ünal ◽

Ayla Gulden Pekcan

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Weight Reduction ◽

Fat Body ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractNuts are good sources of dietary fiber, magnesium, polyunsaturated fats, vitamin E, and antioxidants, all of which may have health benefits and associated with increased sensations of satiety and could have beneficial effects on weight control. This study aims to determine the effects of a balanced hypocaloric almond (30 g/day) enriched diet (AED) compared to a balanced hypocaloric almond free diet (AFD) on anthropometric measurements and blood parameters. Study was a 3-months, randomized, controlled trial with four serial measurements on 32 overweight and obese (BMI: ≥ 25 kg/m2) women, aged 25–50 years. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups (16 AED and 16 AFD). Individualized hypocaloric diets of AED considering the energy recommendation, 30 g/day of almonds was added as a snack. Demographic characteristics, nutritional habits, physical activity levels of subjects were determined by a questionnaire. 24-hour dietary intakes for 3 consecutive days (one day week-end) were recorded at the beginning, 1rd, 2nd, and 3rd months of the study. Anthropometric measurements (height, body weight, waist, hip and neck circumferences) were taken and body composition was determined by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), BMI, waist/hip circumference ratio (WHR) and waist circumference/height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Fasting blood glucose, insulin level, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, serum iron, haemoglobin, TSH, CRP were determined prior to and at the end (3rd month) of the study. At the beginning of the study no statistically significant difference was found between anthropometric measurements of the groups (p > 0.05). Body weight, BMI, waist, hip circumferences, WHR, WHtR, percentage of body fat, body fat mass were decreased significantly in almond and control groups compared with the beginning and 1rd, 2nd., 3rd months of the study (p = 0.001). Significant reductions in HbA1c and LDL-cholesterol levels were determined in almond group (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found in insulin, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and HOMA-IR levels compared to the prior and end of study in both groups (p < 0.05). Balanced hypocaloric diet caused weight loss and improvements in anthropometric and blood parameters in both groups, but better improvement was determined with almond enriched diet. Almonds as a snack could be recommended as a healthy choice in weight reduction diets. Almonds fiber and protein content may have beneficial effects on weight reduction.

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