Evaluation and prioritization of technical and operational airworthiness factors for flight safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049-1061
Author(s):  
Mehmet Burak Şenol
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Military Aircraft ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Safety Programs ◽  
Aviation Operations ◽  
The Military

Purpose In this study, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach for evaluating airworthiness factors were presented. The purpose of this study is to develop an acceptable rationale for operational activities in civil and military aviation and for design, production and maintenance activities in the aviation industry that can be used in-flight safety programs and evaluations. Design/methodology/approach In aviation, while the initial and continuing airworthiness of aircraft is related to technical airworthiness, identifying and minimizing risks for avoiding losses and damages are related to operational airworthiness. Thus, the airworthiness factors in civil and military aviation were evaluated under these two categories as the technical and operational airworthiness factors by the analytic hierarchy process and analytic network process. Three technical and five operational airworthiness criteria for civil aviation, three technical and nine operational airworthiness criteria for military aviation were defined, evaluated, prioritized and compared in terms of flight safety. Findings The most important technical factor is the “airworthiness status of the aircraft” both in civil (81.9%) and military (77.6%) aviation, which means that aircraft should initially be designed for safety. The most significant operational factors are the “air traffic control system” in civil (30.9%) and “threat” in the military (26.6%) aviation. The differences within factor weights may stem from the design requirements and acceptable safety levels (frequency of occurrences 1 in 107 in military and 1 in 109 in civil aircraft design) of civil and military aircraft with the mission achievement requirements in civil and military aviation operations. The damage acceptance criteria for civil and military aircraft are different. The operation risks are accepted in the military and acceptance of specific tasks and the risk levels can vary with aircraft purpose and type. Practical implications This study provides an acceptable rationale for safety programs and evaluations in aviation activities. The results of this study can be used in real-world airworthiness applications and safety management by the aviation industry and furthermore, critical factor weights should be considered both in civil and military aviation operations and flights. The safety levels of airlines with respect to our airworthiness factor weights or the safety level of military operations can be computed. Originality/value This is the first study considering technical and operational airworthiness factors as an MCDM problem. Originality and value of this paper are defining critical airworthiness factors for civil and military aviation, ranking these factors, revealing the most important ones and using MCDM methods for the evaluations of airworthiness factors for the first time. In civil aviation flight safety is the basic tenet of airworthiness activities in risk analysis, on the other hand in military aviation high levels of risks are to be avoided in peace training or operational tasks. However, even high risks have to be accepted during the war, if the operational requirements impose, as mission achievement is vital. The paper is one of a kind on airworthiness evaluations for flight safety.

Safety management systems: an opportunity and a challenge for military aviation organisations

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
Anna V. Chatzi
Keyword(s):  
Safety Culture ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Safety Management Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
The Military

Purpose Most military aviation organisations today have not evolved their safety management approach towards harmonising with civil aviation. Safety culture is the base for any civil aviation organisation, enabling employees to communicate effectively and be fully aware and extrovert on safety. Just culture and reporting culture both are related to safety culture. Both are parts of the awareness process, enhancing safety promotion. These distinct elements and the safety management systems (SMS) can serve well the military aviation. This paper aims to present and discuss the SMS philosophy, structure and elements as a solution for military aviation organisations. Design/methodology/approach The feature of civil aviation SMSs are presented and discussed, with reference to the applicable frameworks and regulations governing the SMS operation. A discussion on the challenges faced within the military aviation organisations, with a brief examination of a European Union military aviation organisation, is presented. Findings The European Military Airworthiness Requirements, which are based on the European Aviation Safety Agency set of rules, can act the basis for establishing military aviation SMSs. A civil-based approach, blended, as necessary, with military culture is workable, as this is the case for many defence forces that have adopted such aviation safety systems. Originality/value This viewpoint paper discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with the adoption of SMS by military aviation organisations. This is the first time that this issue is openly discussed and presented to the wider aviation community, outside military aviation.

On improving the training of aircraft engineers

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-885
Author(s):  
Leonid B. SOBOLEV
Keyword(s):  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Information Protection ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

Subject. The article continues the discussion about the method of training aircraft engineers to work in the military and civil segments of aviation and rocket-and-space industry. Objectives. The purpose is to improve the training of Russian engineers to work in the competitive market environment, on the basis of the analysis of experience in training the aviation engineers in leading foreign technical universities. Methods. The study rests on the comparative analysis of implementation of major projects in the military and civil segments of aviation in the U.S. and Russia, as well as programs for training aircraft engineers in both countries. Results. The analysis shows that the duration of modern large military aviation projects in both countries is the same (the comparison of cost is impossible, due to information protection in Russia), while in the civil segment of the aviation industry, Russia's lagging behind is significant both in terms of the duration of projects and performance results. One of the reasons is in the poor training of aircraft engineers to work in the competitive environment. Conclusions. It is crucial to reform Russian aviation universities in terms of conformity to global trends in multidisciplinarity and differentiation of financing and research base.

Impact analysis and classification of aircraft functional failures by using improved FHA based on gray correlation

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhang Zhang ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Tingting Xu ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Liangyan Tao
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gray System Theory ◽  
Gray System ◽  
State Classification ◽  
Failure State

Purpose The classification of aircraft failures has been a significant part of functional hazard analysis (FHA). Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional FHA method in the evaluation of aircraft risk, the purpose of this paper is to put forward a new approach by combining the gray comprehensive relation calculation method in the gray system theory with the traditional FHA in order to deal with the problem of “little data, poor information.” Design/methodology/approach This paper combines FHA, 1–9-scale method and gray relation analysis. At first, aircraft failure scenarios are chosen and data from experts are collected; then gray system theory is applied to find the relevance of such scenarios. Finally, the classification according to relevance is determined. Findings In the past, “little data, poor information” made it difficult for researchers to implement FHA. In this paper, the authors manage to deal with the problem of “poor information” and provide an approach to find the seriousness of aircraft failure. Research limitations/implications Due to the use of expert-evaluating methods, the classification of failures is still a little subjective and can be improved in this area. In the future, the method can be improved from the perspective of combining FMEA to analyze more complex indicators or using multisource heterogeneous solutions to solve fuzzy numbers, probabilities, gray numbers and indicators that cannot be assigned. Practical implications The paper uses FHA to divide the failure state and establishes a gray evaluation model of the aircraft failure state classification to verify the relevant method. Some aircraft safety design requirements are used to check the safety hazards of the aircraft during the design process, and to provide rational recommendations for the functional design of the aircraft. Social implications Improving the safety of aircraft is undoubtedly of great practical significance and has become a top priority in the development of the civil aviation industry. In this paper, the FHA method and the failure state of the aircraft are studied. The original FHA method is innovated by using the gray system theory applicable to the poor information state. Therefore, to some extent, this study has significance for improving the safety of civil aircraft flight, ensuring people’s travel safety and enhancing the society’s trust in civil aviation. Originality/value The main innovation of this paper is integrating the FHA method and the gray system theory. This study calculates the comprehensive relation degree of each failure under different flight stages, and uses FHA to divide the failure state, and finally establishes a gray evaluation model of the aircraft failure state classification to analyze the different conditions of the landing gear brake system, so that it improves the present situation, and the problem with the character of “little data, poor information” can be addressed better.

Human factors engineering in aircraft maintenance: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shanmugam ◽  
T. Paul Robert
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aviation Maintenance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review on human factors in aircraft maintenance and to analyze and synthesize the findings in the literature on human factors engineering in aircraft maintenance. Design/methodology/approach – The review adopts a threefold approach: searching and collecting the scientific literature; sorting them on the basis of relevance and applications; and review of the scientific evidences. Broad areas of aircraft maintenance regulations are identified and each area was explored to study the level of scientific growth and publications. Notable theories, models and concepts are being summarized. Findings – Application of human factor principles in aviation spread beyond the technical arena of man-machine interface. The discipline has created a great impact on aircraft design, operations and maintenance. Its applications have percolated into design of aircraft maintenance facilities, task cards and equipment. Human factor concepts are being used for maintenance resource management. The principles are applied to shape the safety behavior and culture in aviation maintenance workplace. Nevertheless, the review unfolds immense potential for future research. Research limitations/implications – Research outcomes of non-aviation studies are also reviewed and consolidated to extend the applications to the aviation industry. Practical implications – This review would be a consolidated source of information confining to the physical aspect of human factors engineering in aircraft maintenance. It is intended to serve as a quick reference guide to the researchers and maintenance practitioners. Social implications – It brought out the benefits of adopting the principles of human factor engineering in aircraft maintenance. Application of human factor philosophy ensures enhanced safety in air transport, personal safety and well-being of maintenance personnel. Originality/value – This is a unique review based on aircraft maintenance regulations that are baseline performance standards made mandatory by regulatory authorities. Therefore, the review has been considered to be made on aircraft maintenance regulatory requirements that surpass corporate or competitive strategies in aviation maintenance organization.

Middle Eastern airlines face massive potential losses

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Alternate Route ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Losses

Significance The COVID-19 outbreak is the latest blow to civil aviation in the Middle East, where airlines already face unprecedented security risks and operational complexities. Carriers routinely have to make difficult decisions around the conflict in Syria, US-Iran tensions and the Qatar boycott, leading to re-routed flights, lost profits and delays. Impacts COVID-19 has the potential to transform the entire aviation industry. Despite ongoing security threats, overflight of Iraq and Iran will be critical for carriers operating between Europe and the Gulf or Asia. Security improvements will make Egypt a more important alternate route for overflight, but operators will incur more cost by using it.

scholarly journals Command-methodological competence of cadets-military pilots as a factor of flight safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
A. I. Savelev
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Military Pilots ◽  
The Military

The military professional training of cadets-military pilots in a military aviation university is conditioned by the trends in the development of military education, its prompt response to the personnel needs of the troops. Aviation units need military pilots who are ready to fulfill the official duties of crew commanders, to solve the urgent task of ensuring flight safety. Training of flight personnel for military aviation does not fully take into account the need to form cadets' competencies as an aviation commander and teacher, which will contribute to ensuring flight safety and increasing the combat potential of aviation units and subunits. The article deals with the problem of flight safety as a factor affecting the national security of Russia, paying attention to the causes of accidents and pilot errors. In the course of the study, it was proved that the military-professional activity of cadets-military pilots is the process of solving professional tasks that ensure the combat readiness of aviation units while observing flight safety conditions. Based on the content analysis of the command and methodological professional tasks based on the activity approach, the leading role of the command-methodological activity has been established. The functional approach and the principle of identification made it possible to identify the functions of the leading command-methodological activity (military flight training and educational, organizational and managerial). Arguments are given regarding the development of cadets not only a set of abilities for command-methodological activity, but also professionally important qualities that integrate command-methodological competence. The structure of competence (motivational-value, cognitive, activity components) is determined taking into account the specifics (leading type of activity) and features (a set of command and methodological professional tasks) of military professional activity. The criteria for the formation of the components of the command-methodical competence (professional purposefulness, intellectual potential, professional responsibility) have been identified. The methodological basis of the pedagogical system for the formation of the command-methodical competence of cadets-military pilots was formed by the system-structural, personality-activity, functional, modular, adaptive, technological and competence-based approaches. The results of the experimental work carried out in the branch of Military Educational-Research Centre of Air Force Air Force Academy in Syzran confirmed the dependence of the cadets' readiness for flight safety activities on the formation of command-methodological competence.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Aviaton System of Flying Crew Improving Safety in the Aircraft Operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Rodak
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
The Military

Abstract The article describes 10 known programmes of practical flight training in military aviation – specialization: Multi-Mission Tactical Jet Pilot, which is the highest level of military pilot training in all types of military and civil aviation – comparable only to the level of training and experience of the pilot-instructor of the Military Aviation School. The presented comparison was developed on the basis of literature research from the point of view of, among others, an aircraft operation engineer and a pilot-instructor.

Further Developments of Military Aviation

1914 ◽  
Vol 18 (70) ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
F . H. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Military Aircraft ◽  
Slide Rule ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Red Tape ◽  
The Military

Last year the Aëronautical Society kindly asked me to give my views on Military Aviation. I then tried to show the objects for which military aircraft would be used, the results likely to be gained, and the general lines upon which it was expected that progress would take place—in a word, the military aspect of aviation. Airships have now been handed over to the Naval Wing of the Royal Flying Corps and I propose to–night to deal almost entirely with aeroplane work, in the light of a year's progress. I make no excuse for reiterating the strong links which I feel bind soldier, sailor, designer and aircraft constructor in this matter. Rapidity of progress is essential and it can only be gained by cohesion of effort, lack of friction, and mutual understanding. The Service must remember that the aeroplane designer has to live and is not always merely chasing “X” with a slide rule; the constructor, that the soldier is not only pipe–clay and red tape and that there is sometimes method in his madness.

scholarly journals CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS: MAJOR DRIVERS AND CHALLENGES IN CIVIL AND MILITARY AVIATION

Aviation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huong Le ◽  
Ilias Lappas
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Aircraft Accidents ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organisation ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Passenger Aircraft ◽  
The Military ◽  
Fatigue Corrosion

A wide regulatory reform is taking place world-wide in the continuing airworthiness domain. The major influences for promoting changes in how continuing airworthiness is managed are civil and military aircraft accidents to which fatigue, corrosion, wear, deterioration in ageing aircraft and the need for regulatory harmonisation of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) signatory states and the military were the contributing factors. Another emerging factor is the conversion of older passenger aircraft to freighters, which brings forth the concern that aircraft are being used in a capacity for which they were not designed. The challenges of the regulatory reform are acceptance, certification of maintenance organizations and personnel, education and training, as well as information sharing and administration. This paper presents both the drivers and challenges in these areas and proposes a related change management framework.

scholarly journals Flight safety level improvement methodology based on the pilot model

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
A. D. Barabash ◽  
S. F. Borodkin ◽  
M. A. Kiselev ◽  
Yu. V. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Continuous Analysis ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Pilot Model ◽  
Correct Sequence ◽  
Common Causes

Despite the regular efforts on the part of national regulators, the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International Air Transport Association (ICAO and IATA), as well as on the developers of aeronautical equipment, the vast majority of accidents and incidents continue to occur due to the human factor. With the course of time, aircraft design and reliability are steadily and significantly improving, nevertheless, the number of aviation accidents is happening more and more frequently, including accidents with serviceable aircraft. Considerable evidence is the fact that a Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) remains one of the most common causes of aviation accidents. This is specified by a wide variety of problems that require the search for complex, interconnected solutions. Among these issues it is necessary to highlight the increasing sophistication of the aircraft as a technical system, as well as practically unchanged for more than half a century approaches to pilots training for the type and maintaining their qualifications based on pre-defined scenarios taking into consideration the previous experience of aircraft operation. One of the possible ways out of the situation may be the introduction of so-called concept of personnel training relying on the evidence-based training analysis (EBT) based not on the pursue to memorize a certain list of exercises but to develop each particular pilot’s skills and competences that could help him cope with any unpredictable situation. The key feature of EBT lies in refocusing on the analysis of original causes of unsuccessful maneuvers (actions of the pilot) primarily in order to correct the wrong actions instead of repeatedly complying with the "correct sequence of actions". In this regard, the tools providing a continuous analysis of the pilot's actions to identify errors for the purpose of realigning (forming) the pilot's professional competencies in due time, are of paramount importance. The article describes the content of the methodology representing an ultimate goal to develop recommendations aimed at improving pilot’s expertise based on generalized and personalized models of the pilot, as well as solving the inverse problem of flight dynamics using a comparative assessment of a particular pilot piloting quality.

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