DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIAN TOURISM LAW IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY 4.0

This article provides an overview of the effects of tourism industry 4.0 on the development of Indonesian tourism law. So that the laws and regulations in the field of Indonesian tourism are able to facilitate the principles of service trade in the General Agreement on Trade and Services (GATS). With the ratification of the WTO Agreement, Indonesia must abide by these principles by not ignoring national interests in order to foster good relations with each WTO member. Therefore, the Government of Indonesia is expected to be able to utilize some of the exclusion rules in the GATS to provide opportunities for Indonesian tourism businesses to prepare themselves in the global tourism services trade competition. The development of Indonesian tourism law now, is in a position to be able to facilitate the development of the global tourism service business with the 4.0 industrial revolution which introduces applications on intelligent devices and artificial intelligence speeds that cannot be dammed. Mapping the impact of globalization and any efforts that must be made by the Indonesian government in developing tourism laws so that they can take advantage of the globalization of world trade in tourism services.

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Accessible@tourism 4.0

Research Anthology on Cross-Industry Challenges of Industry 4.0 ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-8548-1.ch072 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1444-1463

Author(s):

Pedro Teixeira ◽

Leonor Teixeira ◽

Celeste Eusébio

Keyword(s):

Industry 4.0 ◽

Essential Role ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

The Government ◽

Set Up

This chapter describes how Tourism 4.0 is a concept that combines tourism and the fourth industrial revolution, and although the literature in this field is very scarce, this concept has been explored in some research projects, such as the government-sponsored research project in Slovenian tourism. People with various kinds of access requirements represent a combination of challenges and opportunities for the tourism industry. Tourism 4.0 set up the main goals of making tourism accessible to everyone at any time. Therefore, this new phenomenon may have an essential role in the development of accessible tourism. The adoption of technological components in accessible tourism enables the development of a new technological solution that can facilitate access to tourism products for disabled people, contributing to the development of accessible tourism. The new term Accessible@Tourism 4.0 is the answer to the role of the fourth industrial revolution in accessible tourism, emphasizing the effect of Industry 4.0 components in the tourism sector.

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Accessible@tourism 4.0

Handbook of Research on Social Media Applications for the Tourism and Hospitality Sector - Advances in Hospitality, Tourism, and the Services Industry ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-1947-9.ch012 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 192-211

Author(s):

Pedro Teixeira ◽

Leonor Teixeira ◽

Celeste Eusébio

Keyword(s):

Industry 4.0 ◽

Essential Role ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

The Government ◽

Set Up

This chapter describes how Tourism 4.0 is a concept that combines tourism and the fourth industrial revolution, and although the literature in this field is very scarce, this concept has been explored in some research projects, such as the government-sponsored research project in Slovenian tourism. People with various kinds of access requirements represent a combination of challenges and opportunities for the tourism industry. Tourism 4.0 set up the main goals of making tourism accessible to everyone at any time. Therefore, this new phenomenon may have an essential role in the development of accessible tourism. The adoption of technological components in accessible tourism enables the development of a new technological solution that can facilitate access to tourism products for disabled people, contributing to the development of accessible tourism. The new term Accessible@Tourism 4.0 is the answer to the role of the fourth industrial revolution in accessible tourism, emphasizing the effect of Industry 4.0 components in the tourism sector.

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COVID-19 as a tourist activity inhibitor as evidenced by Poles’ holiday plans

Studia Periegetica ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.6526 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 9-24

Author(s):

Agnieszka Niezgoda ◽

Klaudyna Kowalska

Keyword(s):

Occupational Status ◽

Substitution Effect ◽

Well Being ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Market Potential ◽

Activity Data ◽

Tourism Service ◽

Willingness To Use ◽

Tourism Services ◽

The Impact

As a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic, we are facing challenges of the social and economic crisis. Its effects are difficult to estimate, but the impact on the tourism industry is undeniable. This is also true of the behavior of consumers of tourism services, whose attitudes towards travel are likely to change radically. The aim of the study presented in this article is to determine how Polish tourists have changed their travel plans and the way they organize their travels during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors argue that the pandemic is an inhibitor of tourist activity. Data for the study were collected using an online pilot survey of 190 Polish adults. The first part of the questionnaire included general demographic questions about the respondents. The main part was divided into three sections related to COVID-19 and regarding: 1) changes in their occupational status and financial well-being, 2) their travel plans, and 3) their willingness to use peer-to-peer accommodation (e.g. Airbnb). The results show that the pandemic is not only an inhibitor of tourist activity, but can also trigger the substitution effect in the tourism market. Potential tourists can choose not to buy tourism services and instead spend their money on other forms of leisure (“external” substitution outside the tourist market) or can choose a more competitively priced tourism service (“internal” substitution). The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the financial well-being and occupational status of some respondents and the vast majority of respondents have had to modify or cancel their holiday plans. While the pandemic may help to stimulate domestic tourism, the preference for self-organized holiday trips, expressed by the respondents, herald further problems of tour operators. Although the financial well-being of many respondents has deteriorated, the number of those interested in cheaper accommodation for future trips was much smaller compared to those who reported such a preference before the pandemic.

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0: AND THE IMPACT ON HUMAN RESOURCES

ECOBISMA (JURNAL EKONOMI, BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN) ◽

10.36987/ecobi.v7i1.1545 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

Nova Jayanti Harahap ◽

Mulya Rafika

Keyword(s):

Human Resources ◽

Industry 4.0 ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Main Role ◽

Literature Study ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

The Government ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

The Impact

Indonesia began to face the Industrial 4.0 era, where all systems began to be connected digitally. This condition is inseparable from the rapid development of industrial scientific knowledge. Through a literature study, this paper aims to look at the data quality approach regarding how the emergence of Industry 4.0 is related to the development of industrial engineering science, what challenges are faced and how the government should direct the development of industry 4.0. The results of this study indicate that in its development, the 4.0 industrial revolution had an influence on human resources to evolve to the emergence of the idea of Industry 4.0. The idea brought the concept of combining digital technology and the internet with conventional industry which ultimately aims to increase productivity, efficiency and reduce the number of unemployed significantly. However, aside from that, some of the consequences faced are related to the negative impacts of Industry 4.0 in which impacts on human resources. This is where various challenges arise for the government. There are many roles that the government can play to face the challenges of the emergence of Industry 4.0. The main role is to focus on equipping human resources by expanding employment and also providing opportunities to be able to open entrepreneurship in various business places such as, in individual business centers and in the vicinity of franchise businesses.

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International trade in services and inequalities

Tourism Economics ◽

10.1177/1354816616672361 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 1069-1075 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sylvain Petit

Keyword(s):

Wage Inequality ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Skilled Workers ◽

Business Services ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Run ◽

Unskilled Workers ◽

Tourism Services ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of the international openness in tourism services trade on wage inequality between highly skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled workers in the tourism industry. The sample covers 10 developed countries and expands over 15 years. A cointegrated panel data model and an error correction model were used to distinguish between the short- and long-run effects. The results are compared to those of openness of business services and manufactured goods. The findings point out that tourism increases wage inequality at the expense of the least skilled workers in the long run and the short run.

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Effects of Industry 4.0 on the Labor Markets of Iran and Japan

Economies ◽

10.3390/economies6030039 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Majid Ziaei Nafchi ◽

Hana Mohelská

Keyword(s):

Labor Markets ◽

Industry 4.0 ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Cyber Physical Systems ◽

Physical Systems ◽

Science Technology ◽

Levels Of Automation ◽

Technology And Economy ◽

The Impact

Industry 4.0 is the essence of the fourth Industrial revolution and is happening right now in manufacturing by using cyber-physical systems (CPS) to reach high levels of automation. Industry 4.0 is especially beneficial in highly developed countries in terms of competitive advantage, but causes unemployment because of high levels of automation. The aim of this paper is to find out if the impact of adopting Industry 4.0 on the labor markets of Iran and Japan would be the same, and to make analysis to find out whether this change is possible for Iran and Japan with their current infrastructures, economy, and policies. With the present situation of Iran in science, technology, and economy, it will be years before Iran could, or better say should, implement Industry 4.0. Japan is able to adopt Industry 4.0 much earlier than Iran and with less challenges ahead; this does not mean that the Japanese labor market would not be affected by this change but it means that those effects would not cause as many difficulties as they would for Iran.

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THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON INDUSTRY 4.0 IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

InterConf ◽

10.51582/interconf.21-22.05.2021.007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 54-59

Author(s):

Bohdana Hunko

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Industry 4.0 ◽

Global Economy ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Technology Industry ◽

World Economic ◽

The Impact

The paper analyzes the role of Industry 4.0 in the process of overcoming the global economy from the crisis situation associated with the total Covid-19 pandemic. The aspect of economic profitability of using the technologies of the fourth industrial revolution to improve world economic development in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic was also identified. The author identified the positive and negative consequences of the involvement of technology Industry 4.0, on the basis of which a number of recommendations for small and medium-sized businesses were formed in order to quickly overcome the negative effects of the crisis. Based on the work, the author formulated a number of trends and prospects for global economic development, taking into account the current conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic.

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THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MARKET CAPITAL ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TOURIST INDUSTRY: EXPERIENCE OF THE EU AND OTHER COUNTRIES

Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu ◽

10.21272/1817-9215.2021.1-13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

pp. 111-121

Author(s):

M. Troian ◽

V. Shkola ◽

M. Domashenko ◽

T. Makarenko

Keyword(s):

Swot Analysis ◽

Strong Support ◽

World Order ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Government Support ◽

The World ◽

Global Tourism ◽

Tourism Enterprises ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the tourism industry faced a crisis that could be the worst in history. In recent years, the tourism industry has been one of the fastest-growing industries, sometimes faster than the world economy as a whole. 2019 has brought unprecedented changes to the world order, affecting all socio-ecological and economic ties. What are the consequences of and will have global tourism in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, which countries and regions of the world will suffer the greatest losses, what threatens and what are the benefits of the tourism crisis that will bring a "new order" to the tourism industry, what innovative management anti-crisis measures should be applied by world governments and non-governmental organizations to overcome the unprecedented tourism crisis - all these issues remain acute and have identified the research topic. The paper examines the methodological developments and recommendations for overcoming the tourism crisis in Europe caused by the pandemic virus COVID-19, namely, the article identifies the basics and consequences of the pandemic impact on market capital on the example of tourism in Europe and the world, shows that the global tourism industry is one of the main factors in the formation of market capital, studied market capital as a component of intellectual capital on the example of tourism in the EU, outlined the prospects for global tourism, developed a system of measures to overcome the global crisis through tourism SWOT-analysis. Namely: enhanced multilateral cooperation and strong support are important for the resumption of tourism; the speed of adaptation of governments at all levels and the private sector involved in the tourism sector and the ability to respond quickly and adapt to the crisis; providing targeted and affordable government support as quickly and efficiently as possible for vulnerable tourism enterprises, workers and tourists; ensuring policy clarity and taking measures to limit uncertainty; invention and development of more sustainable and sustainable (socio-ecological-economic) models of tourism; development of tourism education and legislation.

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Procurement 4.0: factors influencing the digitisation of procurement and supply chains

Business Process Management Journal ◽

10.1108/bpmj-06-2017-0139 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 965-984 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Florian Bienhaus ◽

Abubaker Haddud

Keyword(s):

Supply Chains ◽

Industry 4.0 ◽

Online Survey ◽

Business Models ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Primary Data ◽

Content Type ◽

Procurement Process ◽

Enabling Technologies ◽

The Impact

Purpose While digitisation is a key driver of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0); organisations have different approaches to deal with this topic to get a clearer picture of the opportunities and challenges concerning the digital transformation. The purpose of this paper is to identify the impact of digitisation on procurement and its role within the area of supply chain management. The research will also explore potential barriers to digitising procurement and supply chains and ways to overcome them. Finally, the significance of potential enabling technologies to the digitisation will also be examined. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approached utilising an online survey was used to collect the primary data for this study. Data were collected from 414 participants directly involved with procurement or related business functions and work for different organisations in different industries. The survey included eight items about the impact of digitisation on organisational performance in the area of procurement and supply chains; ten items related to key barriers to digitisation of organisations and ways to overcome them; and seven items about enabling technologies to leverage procurement procedures and processes digitisation. All of these items utilised the Likert five-point level of agreement scale. Findings The findings indicate that digitisation of procurement process can yield several benefits including: supporting daily business and administrative tasks, supporting complex decision-making processes, procurement will become more focussed on strategic decisions and activities, procurement will become a strategic interface to support organisational efficiency, effectiveness, and profitability, and supporting the creation of new business models, products, and services. The authors were also able to confirm that there are barriers to digitising procurement process and supply chains and such barriers found in existing procedures, processes, capacities, and capabilities. Finally, the significance of a number of enabling technologies to the digitisation process was revealed. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind with participants located world-wide. Industry 4.0 as a topic had been explored within different business areas and functions but very limited research specifically explored potential impact, barriers, and enabling technologies of procurement 4.0. The results can be beneficial for organisations already implemented Industry 4.0 or planning to do so. The study can also benefit academic scholars interested in the researched topic, business professionals, organisations within different sectors, and any other party interested in understanding more the concept of procurement 4.0.

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