scholarly journals FRASA BAHASA MAIRASI (PHRASES IN MAIRASI LANGUAGE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonius Maturbongs
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Word Group ◽  
Word Relation ◽  
Analysis Category

Frase hanya mengisi satu fungsi dalam klausa. Untuk memperkuat klarifikasi di atas dikutip satu pengertian frasa pendukung yang dibuat oleh Elson Pickket dan (1976: 73), yaitu “Frasa tersusun unit a dalam A, berpotensi lebih dari dua kata atau lebih, biasanya selalu diperhatikan tingkat klausa." Tersirat di sini pengertian bahwa frasa hanya berpotensi terdiri dari dua kata atau lebih dan jelas tidak melebihi ciri klausa yaitu hanya satu fungsi kecuali predikat [hubungan/tautan] dan objek dalam frasa konsekuensi untuk mewakili pengisi gatra pada klausa. Kesamaan inilah yang dipakai sebagai dasar untuk mengidentifikasi frasa dalam analisis penelitian ini. Berawal dari teori yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis tagmemik, maka pembahasan selanjutnya akan dibagi menjadi analisis fungsi, kategori, dan peran interior masing-masing frasa. Kata Kunci: Frasa, bahasa Mairasi   Various meaning and definition phrase have been made by various writer, but is not quit of congeniality phrase as a group word. In consequence, phrase basically [is] word group. If/When seen from facet forming [of] phrase, can be said that [by] phrase [is] word [relation/link] with word and word with suprasegmental elements and also situation that [do] not exceed subjek function boundary and predikat in clause. Thereby, phrase to represent word corps ( word with word, word with suprasegmental elements and situation) representing part of which not yet complete in a[n broader tuturan namely discourse and sentence ( Fautngil, 1997: 5). Phrase only filling one function in clause. To strengthen clarification above cited one congeniality [of] phrase supporting [it] made by Elson Pickket and ( 1976: 73), namely " Phrase composed unit a in A, potentially, words more or two or, typically which but, always note but, level clouse a of slot fills." Implicit here congeniality that frase only have potency [to] consist of two word or more and clearly [do] not exceed clause characteristic namely only one function except predikat [relation/link] and object in consequence phrase to represent gatra filler in clause. This congeniality [is] weared as basis for identify phrase in this research analysi.  Starting from theory weared in this research namely analyse tagmemik, hence discussion hereinafter will be divided into function analysis, category, and role of[is each phrase interior.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of early Fusarium wilt responsive mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in banana root using high-throughput sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunzhen Cheng ◽  
Fan Liu ◽  
Na Tian ◽  
Raphael Anue Mensah ◽  
Xueli Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Novel Genes ◽  
Root Transcriptome ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Infection Stage

AbstractFusarium wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc), has been recognized as the most devastating disease to banana. The regulatory role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in plant defense has been verified in many plant species. However, the understanding of their role during early FocTR4 (Foc tropical race 4) infection stage is very limited. In this study, lncRNA sequencing was used to reveal banana root transcriptome profile changes during early FocTR4 infection stages. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm the expression of eight differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs (DELs) and their predicted target genes (DETs), and three DE genes (DEGs). Totally, 12,109 lncRNAs, 36,519 mRNAs and 2642 novel genes were obtained, of which 1398 (including 78 DELs, 1220 DE known genes and 100 DE novel genes) were identified as FocTR4 responsive DE transcripts. Gene function analysis revealed that most DEGs were involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant–pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and so on. Coincidently, many DETs have been identified as DEGs in previous transcriptome studies. Moreover, many DETs were found to be involved in ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, lipoic acid metabolism, ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, N-glycan biosynthesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and DNA damage response pathways. QRT-PCR result showed the expression patterns of the selected transcripts were mostly consistent with our lncRNA sequencing data. Our present study showed the regulatory role of lncRNAs on known biotic and abiotic stress responsive genes and some new-found FocTR4 responsive genes, which can provide new insights into FocTR4-induced changes in the banana root transcriptome during the early pathogen infection stage.

scholarly journals The role of ferroptosis in breast cancer patients: a comprehensive analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng-Hong Wu ◽  
Yun Tang ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
Hua-Dong Li
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Cell Functions

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) affects the breast tissue and is the second most common cause of mortalities among women. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death mode that is characterized by intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We constructed a prognostic multigene signature based on ferroptosis-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Moreover, we comprehensively analyzed the role of ferroptosis-associated miRNAs, lncRNAs, and immune responses. A total of 259 ferroptosis-related genes were extracted. KEGG function analysis of these genes revealed that they were mainly enriched in the HIF-1 signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, central carbon metabolism in cancer, and PPAR signaling pathway. Fifteen differentially expressed genes (ALOX15, ALOX15B, ANO6, BRD4, CISD1, DRD5, FLT3, G6PD, IFNG, NGB, NOS2, PROM2, SLC1A4, SLC38A1, and TP63) were selected as independent prognostic factors for BC patients. Moreover, T cell functions, including the CCR score, immune checkpoint, cytolytic activity, HLA, inflammation promotion, para-inflammation, T cell co-stimulation, T cell co-inhibition, and type II INF responses were significantly different between the low-risk and high-risk groups of the TCGA cohort. Immune checkpoints between the two groups revealed that the expressions of PDCD-1 (PD-1), CTLA4, LAG3, TNFSF4/14, TNFRSF4/8/9/14/18/25, and IDO1/2 among others were significantly different. A total of 1185 ferroptosis-related lncRNAs and 219 ferroptosis-related miRNAs were also included in this study. From the online database, we identified novel ferroptosis-related biomarkers for breast cancer prognosis. The findings of this study provide new insights into the development of new reliable and accurate cancer treatment options.

scholarly journals A Survey of Function Analysis and Applied Dynamic Equations on Hybrid Time Scales

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Ravi P. Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Dynamic Equations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamical Models ◽  
Time Scale Calculus ◽  
The Difference

As an effective tool to unify discrete and continuous analysis, time scale calculus have been widely applied to study dynamic systems in both theoretical and practical aspects. In addition to such a classical role of unification, the dynamic equations on time scales have their own unique features which the difference and differential equations do not possess and these advantages have been highlighted in describing some complicated dynamical behavior in the hybrid time process. In this review article, we conduct a survey of abstract analysis and applied dynamic equations on hybrid time scales, some recent main results and the related developments on hybrid time scales will be reported and the future research related to this research field is discussed. The results presented in this article can be extended and generalized to study both pure mathematical analysis and real applications such as mathematical physics, biological dynamical models and neural networks, etc.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of PR-1 Genes From Piper Nigrum Reveals Critical Role in Defense Response During Phytophthora Capsici Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Kattupalli ◽  
Asha Sriniva ◽  
Soniya E V
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Background: Black pepper is a prominent spice which is an indispensable ingredient in culinary and traditional medicine. Phytophthora capsici, the causative agent of foot rot disease causes drastic constraint in black pepper cultivation and productivity. To counterattack various biotic and abiotic stresses plants employ a broad array of mechanisms one such includes the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. Several studies have reported the role of PR-1 proteins in triggering the plant defenses during plant-oomycete interaction.Results: Through the genome-wide survey, eleven PR-1 genes that belongs to a CAP superfamily protein with Caveolin-Binding Motif (CBM) and CAP-derived peptide (CAPE) were identified from P. nigrum. Despite the critical functional domains, PnPR1 homologs differ in their signal peptide motifs, and core amino acid sequence composition in the functional protein domains. The GO, biological function analysis reveals their role in defense responses and response to biotic stimulus whereas the KEGG functional annotation predicted their function in the plant-pathogen interactions. Furthermore, transcriptome-assisted FPKM analysis revealed PnPR-1 genes mapped to P. nigrum - P. capsici interaction pathway. The differentially expressed pathogen-responsive PR-1 gene was validated through qRT-PCR. Subsequent analysis revealed the structural details, phylogenetic relationships, conserved sequence motifs and critical cis-regulatory elements of PnPR-1 genes.Conclusion: This is the first genome-wide study that identified the role of PR-1 genes during P. nigrum - P. capsici interactions. The detailed in silico experimental analysis revealed the vital role of PnPR-1 genes in regulating the first layer of defense towards P. capsici infection in Panniyur-1 plants.

scholarly journals Structural and Functional Role of the Extracellular S5-P Linker in the HERG Potassium Channel

2002 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
Gea-Ny Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Voltage Sensor ◽  
Herg Channel ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Voltage Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Kinetics ◽  
Channel Function ◽  
Outer Vestibule

C-type inactivation in the HERG channel is unique among voltage-gated K channels in having extremely fast kinetics and strong voltage sensitivity. This suggests that HERG may have a unique outer mouth structure (where conformational changes underlie C-type inactivation), and/or a unique communication between the outer mouth and the voltage sensor. We use cysteine-scanning mutagenesis and thiol-modifying reagents to probe the structural and functional role of the S5-P (residues 571–613) and P-S6 (residues 631–638) linkers of HERG that line the outer vestibule of the channel. Disulfide formation involving introduced cysteine side chains or modification of side chain properties at “high-impact” positions produces a common mutant phenotype: disruption of C-type inactivation, reduction of K+ selectivity, and hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage-dependence of activation. In particular, we identify 15 consecutive positions in the middle of the S5-P linker (583–597) where side chain modification has marked impact on channel function. Analysis of the degrees of mutation-induced perturbation in channel function along 583–597 reveals an α-helical periodicity. Furthermore, the effects of MTS modification suggest that the NH2-terminal of this segment (position 584) may be very close to the pore entrance. We propose a structural model for the outer vestibule of the HERG channel, in which the 583–597 segment forms an α-helix. With the NH2 terminus of this helix sitting at the edge of the pore entrance, the length of the helix (∼20 Å) allows its other end to reach and interact with the voltage-sensing domain. Therefore, the “583–597 helix” in the S5-P linker of the HERG channel serves as a bridge of communication between the outer mouth and the voltage sensor, that may make important contribution to the unique C-type inactivation phenotype.

Jun mediates Frizzled-induced R3/R4 cell fate distinction and planar polarity determination in the Drosophila eye

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (16) ◽  
pp. 3619-3629 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Weber ◽  
N. Paricio ◽  
M. Mlodzik
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Planar Polarity ◽  
Jnk Signaling ◽  
Drosophila Eye ◽  
Polarity Determination ◽  
Signaling Components

Jun acts as a signal-regulated transcription factor in many cellular decisions, ranging from stress response to proliferation control and cell fate induction. Genetic interaction studies have suggested that Jun and JNK signaling are involved in Frizzled (Fz)-mediated planar polarity generation in the Drosophila eye. However, simple loss-of-function analysis of JNK signaling components did not show comparable planar polarity defects. To address the role of Jun and JNK in Fz signaling, we have used a combination of loss- and gain-of-function studies. Like Fz, Jun affects the bias between the R3/R4 photoreceptor pair that is critical for ommatidial polarity establishment. Detailed analysis of jun(−) clones reveals defects in R3 induction and planar polarity determination, whereas gain of Jun function induces the R3 fate and associated polarity phenotypes. We find also that affecting the levels of JNK signaling by either reduction or overexpression leads to planar polarity defects. Similarly, hypomorphic allelic combinations and overexpression of the negative JNK regulator Puckered causes planar polarity eye phenotypes, establishing that JNK acts in planar polarity signaling. The observation that Dl transcription in the early R3/R4 precursor cells is deregulated by Jun or Hep/JNKK activation, reminiscent of the effects seen with Fz overexpression, suggests that Jun is one of the transcription factors that mediates the effects of fz in planar polarity generation.

scholarly journals Structure-function analysis of microRNA 3′-end trimming by Nibbler

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (48) ◽  
pp. 30370-30379
Author(s):  
Wei Xie ◽  
Ivica Sowemimo ◽  
Rippei Hayashi ◽  
Juncheng Wang ◽  
Thomas R. Burkard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Principal Role ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Surface Patches ◽  
Activity Modeling ◽  
Binding Surface ◽  
Catalytic Cleavage ◽  
Cleavage Motif

Nibbler (Nbr) is a 3′-to-5′ exoribonuclease whose catalytic 3′-end trimming activity impacts microRNA (miRNA) and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis. Here, we report on structural and functional studies to decipher the contributions of Nbr’s N-terminal domain (NTD) and exonucleolytic domain (EXO) in miRNA 3′-end trimming. We have solved the crystal structures of the NTD core and EXO domains of Nbr, both in the apo-state. The NTD-core domain ofAedes aegyptiNbr adopts a HEAT-like repeat scaffold with basic patches constituting an RNA-binding surface exhibiting a preference for binding double-strand RNA (dsRNA) over single-strand RNA (ssRNA). Structure-guided functional assays inDrosophilaS2 cells confirmed a principal role of the NTD in exonucleolytic miRNA trimming, which depends on basic surface patches. Gain-of-function experiments revealed a potential role of the NTD in recruiting Nbr to Argonaute-bound small RNA substrates. The EXO domain ofA. aegyptiandDrosophila melanogasterNbr adopt a mixed α/β-scaffold with a deep pocket lined by a DEDDy catalytic cleavage motif. We demonstrate that Nbr’s EXO domain exhibits Mn2+-dependent ssRNA-specific 3′-to-5′ exoribonuclease activity. Modeling of a 3′ terminal Uridine into the catalytic pocket of Nbr EXO indicates that 2′-O-methylation of the 3′-U would result in a steric clash with a tryptophan side chain, suggesting that 2′-O-methylation protects small RNAs from Nbr-mediated trimming. Overall, our data establish that Nbr requires its NTD as a substrate recruitment platform to execute exonucleolytic miRNA maturation, catalyzed by the ribonuclease EXO domain.

Use of Body Shape Information in Clothing Size Selection

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (38) ◽  
pp. 715-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Input Variables

To investigate the role of body shape information on clothing size selection, a sample of 143 males were measured and sized using a computerized digital-image based measurement system. Clothing sizes were initially determined by the system using traditional criteria for the long sleeve shirt, jacket and trousers of a military dress uniform. The best-fitting size was determined by trial and error based on subjective feedback and expert judgement, provided by clothing and sizing technicians. Discriminant function analysis was used to determine sizing rules for each garment, based on different sets of anthropometric input variables. Comparisons were made between the prediction performances of discriminant functions derived from traditional variables and those of functions derived from 3D landmark coordinates. The results indicate that the use of three-dimensional landmark coordinates, as input to a discriminant function analysis, is superior to the use of circumference measurements in predicting clothing sizes. The use of these landmarks is thought to improve the classification of cases by allowing a better characterization of body shape.

The Foundation of Campus Card System Platform Construction and Application Function Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 641-643
Author(s):  
Guang Biao Sun ◽  
Jun Zheng ◽  
Hong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Ic Card ◽  
Digital Campus ◽  
Card System ◽  
Bank Card

With the continuous development of digital campus, Card system has become an important content of the digital campus. Campus Card Information Management System is the advanced IC card and network communication technology through the card platform. Campus Card system effectively set bank card financial functions and e-purse, identification and other integrated application features in a campus card. The Campus Car plays a toll bridge in the role of through it with other school information management system modules connected, the entire campus into a data network so that all aspects of campus management, especially financial management to achieve high information Campus one-card "system the author through the campus one-card in the construction of digital campus application, analysis, "card" had a profound effect on college financial management information.

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