scholarly journals Are Households Saving Enough for a Secure Retirement?

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
LaVaughn Henry
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Saving Rate ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Personal Saving ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Individual

The recent rise in the personal saving rate has been interpreted as a sign that consumers are paying down their debt and repairing the damage done to their nest eggs. But a close analysis suggests that many people are falling short of saving what they will need to maintain their standard of living in retirement. A growing body of research in behavioral economics, a branch of economics that studies the choices people make at the individual level, offers explanations for why that is, as well as new approaches to the problem.

Receptiveness to Opposing Views: Conceptualization and Integrative Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 108886832110610
Author(s):  
Julia A. Minson ◽  
Frances S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Intervention Design ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Interpersonal Level

The present article reviews a growing body of research on receptiveness to opposing views—the willingness to access, consider, and evaluate contradictory opinions in a relatively impartial manner. First, we describe the construct of receptiveness and consider how it can be measured and studied at the individual level. Next, we extend our theorizing to the interpersonal level, arguing that receptiveness in the course of any given interaction is mutually constituted by the dispositional tendencies and observable behaviors of the parties involved. We advance the argument that receptiveness should be conceptualized and studied as an interpersonal construct that emerges dynamically over the course of an interaction and is powerfully influenced by counterpart behavior. This interpersonal conceptualization of receptiveness has important implications for intervention design and raises a suite of novel research questions.

scholarly journals Intake of Dietary Salicylates from Herbs and Spices among Adult Polish Omnivores and Vegans

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2727
Author(s):  
Danuta Gajewska ◽  
Paulina Katarzyna Kęszycka ◽  
Martyna Sandzewicz ◽  
Paweł Kozłowski ◽  
Joanna Myszkowska-Ryciak
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Habitual Intake ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Omnivorous Diet ◽  
Herbs And Spices

There is a growing body of evidence that a diet rich in bioactive compounds from herbs and spices has the ability to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. The consumption of herbs and spices is often overlooked in the studies on food intake. However, measurement of dietary intake of these products, as a source of bioactive compounds, including salicylates, has recently gained much significance. The aims of the study were (i) to assess the intake of herbs and spices at the individual level and (ii) to calculate the dietary salicylates intake from herbs and spices among adult omnivores and vegans. The study group consisted of 270 adults aged 19 to 67 years, including 205 women and 65 men. Among all, 208 individuals were following an omnivorous diet while 62 were vegans. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was designed to assess the habitual intake of 61 fresh and dried herbs and spices during the preceding three months. The five most frequently eaten herbs among omnivores were parsley, garlic, dill, marjoram and basil, while among vegans they were garlic, parsley, ginger, basil and dill. An average intake of all condiments included in the study was 22.4 ± 18.4 g/day and 25.8 ± 25.9 g/day for both omnivores and vegans, respectively (p = 0.007). Estimated medial salicylates intake was significantly higher among vegans (p = 0.000) and reached 5.82 mg/week vs. 3.13 mg/week for omnivores. Our study confirmed that herbs and spices are important sources of salicylates; however, the type of diet influenced their level in the diet. Vegans consume significantly more total salicylates than omnivores.

Yoga Therapy and the Group Effect: Bridging Individual and Group-Level Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Esther Wyss-Flamm
Keyword(s):  
Group Effect ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Yoga Therapy ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Time To Build ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Individual

While reviewing the growing body of research regarding the therapeutic outcomes of yoga interventions, I am struck by an interesting disconnect. The studies generated in our field typically examine the effects of a yoga treatment at the individual level and ignore potential group influences. Whether by choice or for reasons of economy, the majority of yoga classes take place in a group setting. It is time to build a bridge between individual and group-level yoga therapy research.

The Reliability of Individual Differences in VOT Imitation

2020 ◽  
pp. 002383092094776
Author(s):  
Lacey Wade ◽  
Wei Lai ◽  
Meredith Tamminga
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Group Norms ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Male Model ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Degree Of Convergence

Recent work has shown that individuals vary in phonetic behaviors in ways that deviate from group norms and are not attributable to sociolinguistically relevant dimensions such as gender or social class. However, it is unknown whether these individual differences observed in the lab are stable characteristics of individuals or whether they simply reflect noise or sporadic fluctuations. This study investigates the individual-level stability in imitation of a model talker’s artificially-lengthened VOT. We use a test–retest design in which the same set of participants perform the same lexical shadowing task on two separate occasions and find that degree of convergence or divergence is highly correlated on an individual basis across visits. Further, we find a strong correlation between individual VOT shifts toward a male model talker and shifts toward a female model talker. Findings contribute to a growing body of literature suggesting that averaging over groups of participants masks the complexity of phonetic behaviors, such as imitation, and suggest that individual differences in phonetic behavior are an area of promising future study.

scholarly journals Education and Poverty Relationship in Punjab

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maninder S. Sarkaria ◽  
Shiwani Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

<div><p><em>As education is being increasingly promulgated as an effective tool to reduce poverty, it is pivotal to evaluate the impact of different levels of education on poverty. This chapter analyzes the relationship between education and poverty in Punjab, using data from the primary survey of 1520 households collected over 2008-2010 from rural and urban habitations. Analysis has been done at the household as well as the individual level. Apart from making simple comparisons between standard of living, income and education level, logistic regression has been employed to sort out the determinants of poverty.</em></p><p><em>Standard of living and PCI are positively associated with education level at the household as well as the individual level, implying improvement in educational attainments reduces the likelihood of being poor. The results of logistic regression are in line with the generally accepted theory that educational attainment is critical in declining the incidence of poverty and should be given due consideration in implementing poverty alleviation programs. As one would expect, experience is negatively related with poverty status. </em></p></div>

Differential Effects of Competence and Morality on Self-Esteem at the Individual and the Collective Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Wiktor Soral ◽  
Mirosław Kofta
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The importance of various trait dimensions explaining positive global self-esteem has been the subject of numerous studies. While some have provided support for the importance of agency, others have highlighted the importance of communion. This discrepancy can be explained, if one takes into account that people define and value their self both in individual and in collective terms. Two studies ( N = 367 and N = 263) examined the extent to which competence (an aspect of agency), morality, and sociability (the aspects of communion) promote high self-esteem at the individual and the collective level. In both studies, competence was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the individual level, whereas morality was the strongest predictor of self-esteem at the collective level.

Metonymy in Dance: Ballet Bunheads Take a Cognitive Turn

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-34
Author(s):  
Edward C. Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Artistic Development ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Level I ◽  
Dance Educators ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

This essay considers metonymy in dance from the perspective of cognitive science. My goal is to unpack the roles of metaphor and metonymy in dance thought and action: how do they arise, how are they understood, how are they to be explained, and in what ways do they determine a person's doing of dance? The premise of this essay is that language matters at the cultural level and can be determinative at the individual level. I contend that some figures of speech, especially metonymic labels like ‘bunhead’, can not only discourage but dehumanize young dancers, treating them not as subjects who dance but as objects to be danced. The use of metonymy to sort young dancers may undermine the development of healthy self-image, impede strong identity formation, and retard creative-artistic development. The paper concludes with a discussion of the influence of metonymy in dance and implications for dance educators.

Exploring the effect of weight loss on food reward at the individual level

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Oustric ◽  
Kristine Beaulieu ◽  
Nuno Casanova ◽  
Francois Husson ◽  
Catherine Gibbons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Personality change and environmental concerns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher James Hopwood ◽  
Ted Schwaba ◽  
Wiebke Bleidorn
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
German Population ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Sustainable Behavior ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

Personal concerns about climate change and the environment are a powerful motivator of sustainable behavior. People’s level of concern varies as a function of a variety of social and individual factors. Using data from 58,748 participants from a nationally representative German sample, we tested preregistered hypotheses about factors that impact concerns about the environment over time. We found that environmental concerns increased modestly from 2009-2017 in the German population. However, individuals in middle adulthood tended to be more concerned and showed more consistent increases in concern over time than younger or older people. Consistent with previous research, Big Five personality traits were correlated with environmental concerns. We present novel evidence that increases in concern were related to increases in the personality traits neuroticism and openness to experience. Indeed, changes in openness explained roughly 50% of the variance in changes in environmental concerns. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the individual level factors associated with changes in environmental concerns over time, towards the promotion of more sustainable behavior at the individual level.

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