scholarly journals Birth Rate in Siberia on the Eve of Collectivization: Delayed Demographic Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
A. A. Burmatov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
High Birth Rate ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
The Village

The final period of the NEP is characterized by a high birth rate in the country, especially among the rural population. The period was not sufficiently considered by researchers, because it was necessary to compare demographics with the subsequent development of events. Such a comparison was dangerous because of party dictatorship and an attempt to hide or ignore the demographic catastrophe in the country during the collectivization. The population of Siberia maintained the traditional demographic behavior in the reproductive sphere. Land relations in the village, which stimulated the growth of families, early and productive work of young generation in small-scale farming were economic mechanisms that allowed to maintain a high birth rate. In cities but the practice of restricting childbearing was becoming more widespread. The population was well acquainted with the methods of regulating childbearing. The demographic rapid growth observed in the late 20s of the twentieth century could only be prolonged in one case: the refusal to modernize village.

Hopscotch Modernism: On Everyday Life and the Blurring of Art and Social Science

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Highmore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Point Of Departure

From a remarkably innovative point of departure, Ben Highmore (University of Sussex) suggests that modernist literature and art were not the only cultural practices concerned with reclaiming the everyday and imbuing it with significance. At the same time, Roger Caillois was studying the spontaneous interactions involved in games such as hopscotch, while other small scale institutions such as the Pioneer Health Centre in Peckham, London attempted to reconcile systematic study and knowledge with the non-systematic exchanges in games and play. Highmore suggests that such experiments comprise a less-often recognised ‘modernist heritage’, and argues powerfully for their importance within early-twentieth century anthropology and the newly-emerged field of cultural studies.

The Village Courts in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Berger
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Local Institution ◽  
International Donor ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
The Village

This chapter embeds contemporary translations of ‘the rule of law’ in their historical trajectory. It reveals how the introduction of village courts by the colonial administration at the dawn of the twentieth century and current efforts by international donor agencies to activate these village courts follow strikingly similar logics. The village courts are therefore neither an exclusively global imposition nor an ostensibly local institution; instead, they have emerged in complex processes of translation in which the global and the local have become inseparably intertwined. Having reconstructed this historical trajectory, the chapter also provides a brief overview of Bangladesh’s recent political history and maps the country’s contemporary legal landscape.

The Buryat Village of Tory in the 1990s: Social and Cultural Re-adaptation in a Small Village Community

Inner Asia ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Panarin
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Household Economies ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
The Village

AbstractThis paper considers whether Tory in Buryatia can survive as a community. It is argued that Tory came to be a unified community under the Soviet regime from the 1930s onwards. As Soviet institutions strengthened, the earlier Buryat society lost its integrity and came to consists of familial groups isolated from and opposed to public life, yet economically dependent on the collective farm. With the 1990s outside support was withdrawn from the collective farm. There is a real possibility that if it collapses altogether, the household economies will collapse with it. It is argued that a large proportion of people in the village have become psychologically accustomed to dependency on the state and may be incapable of self-reliance. Meanwhile, the young generation is oriented to urban and outside culture and may drop out of any process of village adaptation to the new economic conditions.

scholarly journals Organization of the Village of Cossack self-government as the basis of everyday life

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Sergey Valentinovich Lyubichankovskiy ◽  
Elena Victorovna Godovova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village

The paper presents the evolution of the formation of the system of local government in the Cossack armies in Russia. Cossacks living in villages with towns belonging to it were Cossack society. Local Cossacks authority It was Village chieftain, Village descent, Village court, Cossack community. Organization of the Village government in the Cossack army was virtually identical to that due to the fact that the reform of the Cossack troops went on the model of the Don and Kuban troops. This system has been transformed at the beginning of the twentieth century. Fall elective responsibility, a manifestation of laziness and indifference of the Cossacks it was due to property, education and psychological disunity. Contemporaries noted that many members of the village office turn of the century were literate, prone to drunkenness and extortion. An increasing number of the Cossacks did not attend gatherings and did not pay the dues. But, despite this, the Cossack communities continued to live, to regulate agrarian relations, contributed to the development of health and education.

scholarly journals The Causality of Deviation from the Optimal Parameters of a Regional Demographic System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5559-5564
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Well Being

This study is based on the identification of causal relationships that determine the current trends in the demographic system of the regions of the Russian Federation. The achievement of optimal parameters of the demographic system is a factor in the implementation of the principle of sustainable development of territories. Demographic behavior is explained from the perspective of an institutional approach and is defined as a reaction and adaptation to changes in the institutional environment. From the standpoint of determinism, the response of the demographic system can be defined as a consequence and causality as the influence of the institutional environment. An attempt to formalize conclusions about the influence of the institutional environment on the demographic parameters of the territory and the application of mathematical research methods have allowed the authors to conclude that the economic well-being of the population was the dominant factor in the increase of the birth rate.

scholarly journals MOTIVATIONS AND RESOURCES OF SMALL-SCALE FARMERS FOR STAYING IN THEIR VILLAGE IN NORTHEAST THAILAND

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Uehara
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Decision To Stay ◽  
Profit Maximisation ◽  
The Village

This study aims to examine one simple question: Why do some small-scale farmers in rural, northeast Thailand keep staying on in their villages despite the fact that they could earn a much higher income if they worked in urban areas? To answer this question, this study which is based on first-hand observations from nine years of intensive fieldwork in rural, northeast Thailand provides a detailed description of the small-scale farmers’ resources that enable them to sustain a living and also provides them motivations to stay in their village. The decision to stay on in the village and forgo the option to move out in pursuit of a higher income may seem irrational in the opinion of economists. However, the author, by employing the “capability approach” argument by A. Sen, argues that their behaviour could be understood as efforts of pursuing “lives worth living” (as expressed in his later work as an architect of the UN’s “human security” program) and not solely profit maximisation. Their efforts include establishing “community groups” and practising “sustainable agriculture” including “organic farming” and “integrated farming”. These activities are well-suited to their natural environments and economic conditions and, at the same time, give them autonomy in their villages.

scholarly journals The role of psychological contract on employee commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour: A study of Indonesian young entrepreneurs in management action

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade I. Anggraeni ◽  
Christantius Dwiatmadja ◽  
Ahyar Yuniawan
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
Young Entrepreneurs

Orientation: This study aims to analyse the entrepreneurship-driven reasons and characteristics of employee management of the young generation, by analysing the role of psychological contract on employee commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour in the light of the characteristics of the millennial generation as the owners of small and medium-sized enterprises.Research purpose: The main objective of this study was to empirically analyse the effect of the psychological contract and organisational support on the organisational commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour of the employees of small-scale enterprises run by young entrepreneurs, especially in the cohort generation.Motivation for the study: This study attempts to analyse the characteristics of the millennial generation as the owners of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in running the business by examining their managerial characteristics in managing workplace relationship that aims to achieve the stakeholder expectations and improve both commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour of employees.Research design, approach and method: Data were collected in the SMEs owned by young entrepreneurs in a city in Indonesia involving 150 respondents. The research model was tested using Structural Equation Modelling with analysis of moment structure (AMOS).Main findings: The results showed that the employee citizenship behaviour is influenced by the organisational commitment. The commitment of employees was formed by the ability of business owners to understand the needs and expectations of employees regarding opportunities of self-development, pleasant working environment, the benefit as the workload and the work challenge.Practical and managerial implications: This study implies the need for academic institutions and policy makers to get involved in addressing the rising phenomenon of entrepreneurship among the young generation.Contribution and added-value: This study mainly considered the characteristics of young entrepreneurs as the main factor in explaining the success of employee management relationship of SMEs.

“Fête de la Soupe”: rural identity, self-representation, and the(re)-making of the village in France

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène B. Ducros
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Identity ◽  
Organizational Challenges ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural France ◽  
The Village ◽  
Do So

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore a grassroot festival in rural France organized around the concept of soup. The annual fête de la soupe held in a village in Auvergne provides a small-scale example of the ways in which space, time and festivalization interact in placemaking. Design/methodology/approach Ethnographic research highlights the motivations and experiences of the organizers and volunteer-participants, as well as some of the organizational challenges. Findings Revealing that the profit motive and economic outcomes are not dominant, this paper shows instead that the fête constitutes a space of relation-building between place and people, between people themselves and an introspective moment over the past and future of place as “rural”. While preserving rurality symbolized and mediated by the exchange of soup as the ultimate peasant dish, the festival is also an opportunity for villagers to revitalize the rural and showcase it as a place of creativity. Originality/value The study addresses the experience of volunteers and organizers in festivals, uses qualitative methods to do so and focuses on festivals in the rural setting, filling three gaps identified by others in the literature.

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