scholarly journals Income inequalities: the rationale of demarcation amid growth and development

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Bharat Gahlot ◽  
Akanksha Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Income Equality ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Distribution Of Income

In this paper we provide an analytical view of the effect of income inequality over economic development even in the charisma of continuous economic growth. In the beginning a detailed discussion has been done regarding the differences between economic growth and development.Ours is a developing economy with a continuous rise in GDP. However due to unequal distribution of income, the economy has not been able to witness economic development on an overall basis. An introduction is given regarding the HDI, the ultimate measure of economic development. This paper also proves the fact that economic development is possible only if there is equality in the distribution of income.In our study we have included a number of facts and figures to conclude that income equality is a precondition for economic development. At the end, few suggestions are given as to how we can overcome this problem and promote economic development.

scholarly journals Income Inequality among Various Occupations/Professions in Pakistan-Estimates Based on Household Income Per Capita

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehboob Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Introduction There is a long list of studies related to distribution of income in Pakistan. Most of these have been confined to the calculation of various measures of inequalities. These studies include Khadija Haq (1964), Bergan (1967) Mehmood (1984), Ercelawn (1988), Ahmad and Ludlow (1969) etc. Apart from these there are other studies including Jeetun(1978), Chaudhry (1982), Cheema and Malik (1984) Kruijk and Leeuwen (1985), Kruijk (1986), Kemal (1994), Jaffery and Khattak (1995), Chaudhary (1995) etc. Jeetun (1978) in his paper concentrated on consequences of economic growth on the level of inequality whereas Chaudhary (1982) tried to find out the impact of the Green Revolution on income inequalities. Cheema and Malik (1984) tried to find out the effects of different income policies on the consumption and level of employment in Pakistan. Kemal (1994) examined the impact of the adjustment period of Pakistan since the late 1970s on efficiency and equity.

scholarly journals Economic Development Paper

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Annisa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Relative Poverty ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The main problems in economic development are increasing economic growth, eliminating poverty and eliminating poverty. In some destination countries it is sometimes a dilemma between emphasizing economic growth or reducing inequality in income distribution (Deininger and Olinto, 2000). High growth does not necessarily guarantee that the inequality of income distribution will be low.Poverty and income inequality are two things that are being intensely emphasized by the government's growth. Inequality is closely related to poverty because fundamentally inequality is an indicator of relative poverty, namely the gap between the rich and the poor. The low level of inequality, or the more even distribution of income, is certainly one of the important agendas of economic development.To measure economic inequality can be seen using the Gini ratio. Gini ratio is an indicator of income distribution level indicated by a coefficient of zero to one, which means the higher the coefficient, the more uneven distribution of income of the population.

scholarly journals Analysis of Income Distribution and Economic Growth Relation in Process of Neoliberal Economic Policies in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet İncekara ◽  
Betül Mutlugün
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Moral Concern ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Income inequality has long been the economic, social, political and moral concern for many countries. Attaining more fair income distribution along with economic growth and development has started to gain importance. But in spite of the vast literature on income distribution and economic growth, there remains disagreement on the effect of income inequality on economic growth. With the transformation process as a result of neoliberal policies implemented since the late 1970’s, unequal distribution of income became more apparent in terms of economic and social issues. In this study, the effect of neoliberal economic policies on income inequality and economic growth has been analyzed in the context of social classes.

scholarly journals The Distribution of Benefits from Industrialization in Rural Areas: Some Findings

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Richard F. Bieker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regional Economic Growth ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Policy Proposals ◽  
Trickle Down

Industrialization has long been proposed as a policy for promoting regional economic growth and reducing the incidence of unemployment, poverty and dependency in lagging regions (Smith). Such policy proposals are based on the trickle down theory. This theory holds that economic development results in an increase in the demand for skilled labor which in turn results in an upgrading of the positions of the semiskilled, unskilled, and unemployed. The result is economic growth and a reduction in the incidence of unemployment, poverty and dependency and the degree of income inequality in the area.

Income Inequality and Economic Development

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew McKeever
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The nature of the relationship between economic development and income inequality has long been the subject of considerable debate. Economic growth has very different effects on poverty, depending on a country’s level of income inequality. In high inequality countries, economic growth that raises the overall level of income disproportionately tends to benefit the rich, whereas policies that encourage economic growth while reducing income inequality will greatly accelerate the achievement of poverty reduction goals. Thus, understanding how income inequality and economic development are linked is important for establishing economic growth policies that reduce poverty. The literature on the economic development–income inequality nexus in industrial society places emphasis on the causes of current social inequality. The central and most cited paper in the literature is S. Kuznets’s “Economic Growth and Income Inequality” (1955), which proposed an inverted U-shaped relationship between development and inequality over the course of industrialization. Some scholars have tried to build upon Kuznets’s theory by focusing on his claim that income inequality is a function of the nature of regulations put on the market. Other studies deal with the importance of studying the relationship between democracy and inequality, the effect of the nature of the government on shaping inequality compared to industrialization, and the implications of globalization for income inequality. This overview of the literature shows that there is little true consensus on the relationship between inequality and development and highlights two major areas for improvement: measurement and data quality.

scholarly journals Can Reducing Income Inequality Decouple Economic Growth from CO2 Emissions?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311877271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Alexander McGee ◽  
Patrick Trent Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
National Income ◽  
Recent Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Socioeconomic Drivers ◽  
Advance Research ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

In the past two decades, income inequality has steadily increased in most developed nations. During this same period, the growth rate of CO2 emissions has declined in many developed nations, cumulating to a recent period of decoupling between economic growth and CO2 emissions. The aim of the present study is to advance research on socioeconomic drivers of CO2 emissions by assessing how the distribution of income affects the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions. The authors find that from 1985 to 2011, rising income inequality leads to a tighter coupling between economic growth and CO2 emissions in developed nations. Additionally, the authors find that increases in the top 20 percent of income earners’ share of national income have resulted in a larger association between economic growth and CO2 emissions, while increases in the bottom 20 percent of income earners’ share of national income reduced the association between economic growth and CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals The Economic Informallity Opposite Fiscal Policy and the Legal Vacuum Issues. the Features of the Tourism Sector Informallity in Albania

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Teuta Balliu ◽  
Aida Gaçe Llozana ◽  
Mimoza Kotollaku
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Efficient Distribution

Economists and researchers increasingly debate regarding costs, benefits and even measurements of the informal economy. Such discussions are also indisputable part of our country reality. They evidence more and more the influence that the informal economy occupies in the gross domestic product of a country. Others consider informal economy as lubricating social welfare. Nowadays taking into account the economic situation in Albania, the informal economy is considered blow in the market competition, this competition which in turn is considered of particular importance for the economic development of the country. Throughout the paper we will look at whether the policies and strategies of a state, undertaken in the framework of economic growth, do not bring a reduction in unemployment and efficient distribution of income then there will be no reduction of informality. In terms of tourism sector it will be concluded that it is this informality which deviates the so much required standards in domestic tourism. In the region, the lodging taxes are estimated at 1 euro, while in our country it varies no more than 5% of the price of the room. This is why it remains difficult to calculate costs, which amounts millions of euros just in this part of the tourism sector.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan ekonomi dan ketimpangan pembangunan ekonomi antar wilayah kebijakan pembangunan di Provinsi Jawa Timur

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Maretha Berlianantiya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Measure Development ◽  
Policy Area ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>This study aimed toknow the relationship and the pattern between economic growth and inequality of economic development in East Java at 2004- 2013. It is determined by the characteristics of development policy area in East Java at 2004- 2013.This research is carried out in East Java province that contains of 29 regencies and 9 cities. They are divided into 4 Bakorwil. This research uses the secondary data, then analyzed by analysis technique of Williamson Index to measure development inequality, correlation of moment product and Regression Curve Estimation.The results of this research are (1) the relationship pattern between economic growth and development inequality tends to be “U” so Kuznets hypothesis does not apply in East Java, and the correlation value of product moment does not significant so the relationship economic growth and development inequality cannot be described. (2) In each Bakorwil, the relationship pattern between economic growth and inequality of economic development is influenced by the characteristics of development policy area in East Java province, likewise with its correlation.</em></p>

Foreign Direct Investment as a Tool for Poverty Alleviation

2016 ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
James Rossi ◽  
Genevieve Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
The Relationship

It has been argued that “Absolute poverty can be alleviated if at least two conditions are met. First, economic growth must occur—or mean income must rise—on a sustained basis. Second, economic growth must be neutral with respect to income distribution or reduce income inequality.” By way of reference to current and previous literature on economic development, this chapter aims to investigate the relationship between poverty, economic growth, and income distribution, as a means of mitigating gaps in the literature on the topic, as well as contributing to the literature of Foreign Direct Investment as a tool for poverty alleviation.

An Econometric Analysis of the Links Between Income Inequality and Economic Growth

2009 ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Yohannes G. Hailu ◽  
Tesfa G. Gebremedhin ◽  
Randall W. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
County Level ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates temporal demographic changes and income inequalities, and more importantly the relationship between income inequality and economic growth inWest Virginia. Departing from earlier studies, a regional growth model is utilized and empirically tested using county level West Virginia data (1990-2000). Results suggest that per-capita income change is positively related to population and employment changes but negatively related to income inequality. This empirical evidence indicates that higher income inequality can potentially hinder economic growth.

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