scholarly journals INSIGHT INTO PHARMACEUTICAL IMPORTANCE OF BRYOPHYTES

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Greeshma G.M ◽  
Manoj G.S ◽  
Murugan K
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Biotic Factor ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Insight Into

Historically, Bryophytes were accounted to be a monophyletic group and were placed in an inclusive Bryophyta. Some species are aquatic though some can adapt and live in arid regions. Bryophytes size ranges from microscopic to 12 inches in length, the average size is between 0.5 – 2 inches long and colors vary from green to black and sometimes colorless. Bryophytes plays a vital role in the biosphere even their size is insignificant. As a biotic factor in the environment, they provide food for numerous herbivorous birds and animals. They prevent soil erosion by carpeting the soil. Bryophytes cause the outer portion of rock to slowly crumble as they grow with lichens on rock surfaces. And because of it they contribute and help to soil formation. When mixed with the soil, bryophytes increase the water-holding capacity of the soil and the amount of organic matter in the soil. Some bryophytes like sphagnum or peat moss has some economicimportance. It is used as packing material for breakable or fragile objects such as figurines and dinnerware’s. It is also used as packing materials for transporting plants and plant parts, since sphagnum holds water and hence prevent plants from drying during transport. As a whole, bryophytes are of little economic importance to man.

Medicinal plants and sustainable livelihood in Pauri district of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (06) ◽  
pp. 4589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vardan Singh Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Sustainable Livelihoods ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Total Plant

The present study was conducted in the Thalisain block of Pauri Garhwal to document the medicinal plants used by the local communities. 53 plant species distributed in 38 families were documented. Of the total plant species 49% were herbs, 26% trees, 23% shrubs and 2% climbers. 16 different plant parts were used by local communities for different ailments. Medicinal plants were widely used by major sections of the community against common colds, cough, skin diseases, snake bite, fever, joint pains, bronchitis etc. Women and local healers called vaids have a vital role in environmental management due to traditional knowledge and use of plants as medicine with undocumented knowledge. It has been observed as one of the best option of sustainable livelihoods for the residents of the area.

The Oxford Handbook of the Brazilian Economy

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Closed Economy ◽  
Current Characteristics ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Contemporary Context ◽  
Over Time

Brazil constitutes a globally vital but troubled economy. It accounts for the largest GDP in Latin America and ranks among the world’s largest exporters of critical commodities including iron ore, soya, coffee, and beef. In recent years Brazil’s global economic importance has been magnified by a surge in both outward and inward foreign direct investment. This has served to further internationalize what has been historically a relatively closed economy. The purpose of this Handbook is to offer real insight into the Brazil’s economic development in contemporary context, understanding its most salient characteristics and analyzing its structural features across various dimensions. At a more granular level, this volume accomplishes the following tasks. First, it provides an understanding of the economy’s evolution over time and the connection of its current characteristics to this evolution. Second, it analyzes Brazil’s broader place in the global economy, and considers the ways in which this role has changed, and is likely to change, over coming years. Third, reflecting contemporary concerns, the volume offers an understanding, not only of how one of the world’s key economies has developed and transformed itself, but also of the ways in which this process has yet to be completed. The volume thus analyzes the current challenges facing the Brazilian economy and the kinds of issues that need to be tackled for these to be addressed.

scholarly journals Spent Brewer’s Yeast as a Source of Insoluble β-Glucans

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Ionut Avramia ◽  
Sonia Amariei
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Brewing Process ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Potential Food ◽  
Insight Into

In the brewing process, the consumption of resources and the amount of waste generated are high and due to a lot of organic compounds in waste-water, the capacity of natural regeneration of the environment is exceeded. Residual yeast, the second by-product of brewing is considered to have an important chemical composition. An approach with nutritional potential refers to the extraction of bioactive compounds from the yeast cell wall, such as β-glucans. Concerning the potential food applications with better textural characteristics, spent brewer’s yeast glucan has high emulsion stability and water-holding capacity fitting best as a fat replacer in different food matrices. Few studies demonstrate the importance and nutritional role of β-glucans from brewer’s yeast, and even less for spent brewer’s yeast, due to additional steps in the extraction process. This review focuses on describing the process of obtaining insoluble β-glucans (particulate) from spent brewer’s yeast and provides an insight into how a by-product from brewing can be converted to potential food applications.

Nutritional and physiological responses of the dicotyledonous halophyte Sarcocornia fruticosa to salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro García-Caparrós ◽  
Alfonso Llanderal ◽  
Maribela Pestana ◽  
Pedro José Correia ◽  
María Teresa Lao
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Sphagnum Peat Moss ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Sarcocornia Fruticosa

Sarcocornia fruticosa (L.) A.J. Scott is a dicotyledonous halophyte that grows in areas with an arid climate such as the marshes of southern Spain. The species has potential uses for saline agriculture and biofuel production, but the effects of salt stress on its nutrition and physiology remain unclear. Plants of S. fruticosa were grown in pots with a mixture of sphagnum peat-moss and Perlite. In order to evaluate the effects of different levels of salinity, five treatments using different NaCl concentrations (10 (control), 60, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl) were applied over a period of 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the dry weight, the biomass allocation and the tissue water content were measured for each salinity treatment. The net uptake of various nutrients and their translocation rates were calculated for each salt treatment. Salt loss, shedding of plant parts and succulence in shoots were evaluated together with the K+/Na+ ratio, K-Na selectivity, concentrations of osmolytes and their estimated contributions to the osmotic potential. Our results showed that S. fruticosa can maintain its major physiological processes at 60 mM NaCl without significant dry weight reduction. Higher salinity resulted in negative values for net uptake and translocation rates from roots to shoots of N and P. As might be predicted from other dicotyledonous halophytes, S. fruticosa plants increased Cl– and Na+ uptake using both as osmotica instead of organic osmolytes. However, to survive salinity, this species has also evolved others mechanisms such as shedding old shoots, increased succulence in shoots at higher salt concentrations and the ability to maintain a lower K+/Na+ ratio and higher K-Na selectivity in all organs.

scholarly journals Comparison Study on Fiber and Cocopeat from Young Coconut Husks and Old Coconut Husks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd shahmihaizan Mat jusoh ◽  
Mohd Nadzim Nordin ◽  
Wan Mohd Aznan Wan Ahamad ◽  
Md Akhir Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Water Holding

Fiber and cocopeat are waste products from coconut husks that can be turned into value added products. Fiber and cocopeat from old coconut husks are well known in coconut industry in the world. This paper described fibre strength from young coconut husks, nutrient content and water-holding ability of young coconut cocopeat compared to old coconut cocopeat. The strength of fiber was determined by using Instron Universal Testing Machine. The results showed that mean load at break for young coconut fiber was 13.76 N while mean load at break for old coconut fiber was 14.93 N. Maximum tensile stress for young coconut fiber was 1.55 MPa and 1.76 MPa for old coconut fiber. The nutrient contents were determined for young cocopeat and old cocopeat resulted as phosphorus (372.79 ppm, 339 ppm), potassium (6829.68 ppm, 10040.46 ppm), calcium (508.74 ppm, 578.40 ppm), magnesium (468.67 ppm, 715.60 ppm) and sodium (1579.70 ppm, 3917.60 ppm). The pH value was 6.55 and 5.39 respectively. The ash contents were 2.62% for young cocopeat while 4.06% for old cocopeat. For water holding ability test, moisture content of each sample from young coconut cocopeat and old coconut cocopeat was determined by using soil moisture meter. After seven days with water added 500 ml two times/day, results showed that water holding ability for peat moss was the best while young cocopeat was better than the old cocopeat. All the results showed that fiber and cocopeat from young coconut husk have high potential for sustainable production in the coconut industry. 

Studies of Central Australian Semidesert Rangelands. II. Range Condition and the Nutrient Dynamics of the Herbage Layer, Litter and Soil.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Friedel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Range Condition ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Herbage Layer ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Different Soils

The levels and turnover of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur in the herbage layer: litter and soil of three central Australian plant communities were investigated, following several years of above-average rainfall, and the possibility of a relationship between nutrient levels and range condition assessment was examined. There were only a few positive correlations between range condition and phosphorus levels, and they were not associated with the susceptibility of different soils to erosional losses. There were no positive correlations between range condition and the levels of either nitrogen or sulfur. The herbage and litter layers together, of the three plant communities, contained 30-72 kg ha-1 of total nitrogen, 4 kg ha-1 of total phosphorus and 4-7 kg ha-1 of total sulfur. These quantities were comparable to those of arid regions in other parts of the world, but the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur in soils, estimated by incubation or extraction to be available to plants, were comparatively low. Incubated nitrogen in the 0-10 cm depth of soils was 9-14 ppm and extractable phosphorus was 3-1 1 ppm. The 0-4 cm depth of soil contained 0.5-3 ppm extractable sulfur, and concentrations decreased with depth. Total soil nitrogen was lower than that in other arid regions whereas the amount of organic carbon in soil was comparable, so that C:N was relatively high. Substantial withdrawal of nutrients from senescing plant parts and rapid cycling of nutrients through litter appeared to be responsible for maintaining the level of nutrients in the herbage layer.

Latrophilin mediates insecticides susceptibility and fecundity through two carboxylesterases, esterase4 and esterase6, in Tribolium castaneum

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wei ◽  
S. Gao ◽  
W. Xiong ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
J. Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Similar Phenotype ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractLatrophilin (LPH) is known as an adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor which involved in multiple physiological processes in organisms. Previous studies showed that lph not only involved the susceptibility to anticholinesterase insecticides but also affected fecundity in Tribolium castaneum. However, its regulatory mechanisms in these biological processes are still not clear. Here, we identified two potential downstream carboxylesterase (cce) genes of Tclph, esterase4 and esterase6, and further characterized their interactions with Tclph. After treatment of T. castaneum larvae with carbofuran or dichlorvos insecticides, the transcript levels of Tcest4 and Tcest6 were significantly induced from 12 to 72 h. RNAi against Tcest4 or Tcest6 led to the higher mortality compared with the controls after the insecticides treatment, suggesting that these two genes play a vital role in detoxification of insecticides in T. castaneum. Furthermore, with insecticides exposure to Tclph knockdown beetles, the expression of Tcest4 was upregulated but Tcest6 was downregulated, indicating that beetles existed a compensatory response against the insecticides. Additionally, RNAi of Tcest6 resulted in 43% reductions in female egg laying and completely inhibited egg hatching, which showed the similar phenotype as that of Tclph knockdown. These results indicated that Tclph affected fecundity by positively regulating Tcest6 expression. Our findings will provide a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of Tclph involved in physiological functions in T. castaneum.

Some Observations On Foraging Behaviour In The Southern Ningaui, Ningaui Yvonneae

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Bos Darren
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Semi Arid

THE southern ningaui (Ningaui yvonneae) is a small dasyurid inhabiting semi-arid regions of southern Australia. It is a nocturnal predator, feeding mainly on small invertebrates (Woolnough and Carthew 1996; Fisher and Dickman 1993). During a larger research project examining population dynamics. habitat selection and diet, I observed and documented aspects of the foraging behaviour of N. yvonneae. These observations, which are difficult to quantify, provide insight into the ecology of this poorly studied species.

Using InSAR to asses rock glacier movement in the Uinta Mountains, Utah

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Brencher ◽  
Alexander Handwerger ◽  
Jeffrey Munroe
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Rock Glacier ◽  
Uinta Mountains ◽  
Glacier Inventory ◽  
Rock Glaciers ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Glacier Velocity ◽  
Alpine Hydrology ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Rock glaciers are perennially frozen bodies of ice and rock debris that move downslope primarily due to deformation of internal ice. These features play an important role in alpine hydrology and landscape evolution, and constitute a significant water resource in arid regions. In the Uinta Mountains, Utah, nearly 400 rock glaciers have been identified on the basis of morphology, but the presence of ice has been investigated in only two. Here, I use satellite-based interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR) from the Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellites to identify and monitor active rock glaciers over a 10,000 km<sup>2 </sup>area. I also compare the time-dependent motion of several individual rock glaciers over the summers of 2016-2019 to search for relationships with climatic drivers such as precipitation and temperature. Sentinel-1 data from the August-October of 2016-2019 are used to create 79 interferograms of the entire Uinta range and are processed with the NASA/JPL/Stanford InSAR Scientific Computing Environment (ISCE) software package. Temporal baselines of intrayear interferograms range from 6-72 days. We use average velocity maps to generate an active rock glacier inventory for the Uinta Mountains containing 196 active rock glaciers. Average rock glacier velocity is 3 cm/yr in the line-of-sight direction, but individual rock glaciers have velocities ranging from 0.3-15 cm/yr. Rock glacier speeds do have a seasonal component, and were fastest in August across all years. One rock glacier reached a speed of 40 cm/yr over a 12 day interval from August 5 to August 17 of 2017. Preliminary results suggest that active rock glaciers are found at altitudes 10 m higher on average than inactive and relic rock glaciers identified in the previous inventory. Rock glacier movement did not accelerate between 2016 and 2019, suggesting that rock glaciers in this part of the Rocky Mountains are not speeding up over time. Our results highlight the ability to use satellite InSAR to monitor rock glaciers over large areas and provide insight into the factors that control their kinematics.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document