ALLELOPATHIC INFLUENCE OF CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA L. ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)

Leaf extracts of Casuarina. equisetifolia L. was evaluated for its allelopathic influenced on rice cultivars viz. IR- 20 and TKM – 9. Leaf extracts was tested at 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20% concentration. Seed germination, shoot length, biomass, chl - a , chl- b, carotenoids, starch, protein and amino acid contents were significantly reduced by leaf extracts and highest inhibition was observed in 20% concentration. But at lower concentration (2.5%), the seedling growth was slightly enhanced than control. The higher degree of germination and growth inhibition was observed in cultivar TKM-9 than IR-20.

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Modulation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle by selenate and sulphate treatments in the seedlings of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2020.7.3.746 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Debarati Das ◽

Paulin Seal ◽

Sabarni Biswas ◽

Asok K Biswas

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Elevated Level ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Ascorbate Oxidase ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Thiol Metabolism ◽

Regulatory Enzymes ◽

Glutathione Cycle

The trace element Selenium (Se) has a dual role in the growth and metabolism of plants. Low concentration of selenium (2 ?M selenate) promotes growth and counteracts the detrimental effects of abiotic stress as opposed to higher levels (?10 ?M) where it acts as a pro-oxidant. We focused on both individual and interactive influence of selenate and sulphate on thiol metabolism in seedlings of rice cultivars, satabdi and khitish. Inhibition of ascorbate contents by about 17% on an average, in the test seedlings treated with Se correlated with increased activities of ascorbate peroxidase and ascorbate oxidase in the cultivars. The glutathione levels also increased significantly, on an average by about 102% in roots and 74% in shoots of cv. satabdi compared to a rise, by about 49% in roots and 56% in shoots of cv. khitish. The elevated level of glutathione coincided with the stimulatory influence of Se on its regulatory enzymes. Concomitantly the levels of ?-tocopherol and phytochelatins were also induced in both the test cultivars. Increase in ?-tocopherol activity reached a maximum by about 47% in roots and 80% in shoots of cv. satabdi whereas it increased by about 36% in roots and about 64% in shoots of cv. khitish. Substantive increase in the levels of PC4 followed by PC2 and PC3 was also noted. The effects were found to be less conspicuous in shoots than in roots. Rice seedlings exposed to combined Se and 10mM sulphate treatments showed improved growth and development as a result of better thiol metabolism due to amelioration of the adverse effects caused by selenium alone on all the parameters tested.

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Respons Morfologis Beberapa Varietas Padi (Oryza sativa L.) terhadap Kekeringan pada Fase Perkecambahan (Morphological Response of Some Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Water Deficit at the Seedling Stage)

JURNAL BIOS LOGOS ◽

10.35799/jbl.2.2.2012.1045 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Ballo ◽

Song Ai Nio ◽

Feky R Mantiri ◽

Dingse Pandiangan

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Root Length ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Seminal Root ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Morphological Response ◽

Peg 8000

Abstrak Biji memerlukan sejumlah besar air yang harus diserap sebelum perkecambahan bisa terjadi, yaitu sekitar dua atau tiga kali dari berat keringnya. Penelitian ini menguji konsistensi respons morfologis padi terhadap kekeringan pada fase perkecambahan dengan perlakuan larutan polietilen glikol (PEG) sebagai larutan osmotikum. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan percobaan faktorial dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan PEG 8000 mencakup PEG 0, -0,25, -0,5, -0,75 dan -1,0 MPa terhadap 7 varietas padi, yaitu Beras Merah, IR 64, Burungan, Superwin, Serayu, Aries, dan Cigeulis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan respons morfologis terhadap kekeringan yang diinduksi dengan PEG 8000 pada fase perkecambahan di antara ketujuh varietas padi. Panjang akar seminal, panjang tunas, rasio panjang akar seminal : panjang tunas, persentase perkecambahan dan indeks vigor benih dapat dipakai sebagai indikator toleransi kekeringan yang potensial pada fase perkecambahan padi. Toleransi varietas Superwin terhadap kekeringan yang diinduksi dengan PEG 8000 pada fase perkecambahan lebih tinggi daripada varietas padi lainnya. Kata kunci: indikator, PEG, toleransi, kekeringan Abstract The seeds required a large amount of water, i.e. two or three times of their dry weight, to be absorbed before the germination. This study evaluated the consistency of morphological response of rice to water deficit at the seedling stage. The research was conducted as factorial experiment in Randomized Block Design. The treatments of PEG-8000-induced-water deficit were PEG 0, -0,25, -0,5, -0,75 and -1,0 MPa. Those treatments were applied to 7 rice cultivars, i.e. Beras Merah, IR 64, Burungan, Superwin, Serayu, Aries, and Cigeulis. The results showed the difference of morphological response to PEG-8000-induced-water deficit among 7 rice cultivars at the seedling stage. The seminal root length, shoot length, ratio seminal root length: shoot length, seedling percentage and seed vigor index were able to be used as potential water-deficit-tolerant indicators at the seedling stage. Cultivar Superwin was more tolerant to PEG 8000-induced- water deficit than 6 other rice cultivars. Keywords: PEG, indicator, water- deficit tolerant

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Transcription Profile Analysis of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Leaves of Wild-Type and Chlorophyll b-Deficient Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11050401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 401

Author(s):

Minh Khiem Nguyen ◽

Tin-Han Shih ◽

Szu-Hsien Lin ◽

Jun-Wei Lin ◽

Hoang Chinh Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Core Protein ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Electron Flow ◽

Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽

Wild Type ◽

Transcription Analysis ◽

Chl A ◽

Chl Biosynthesis

Photosynthesis is an essential biological process and a key approach for raising crop yield. However, photosynthesis in rice is not fully investigated. This study reported the photosynthetic properties and transcriptomic profiles of chlorophyll (Chl) b-deficient mutant (ch11) and wild-type rice (Oryza sativa L.). Chl b-deficient rice revealed irregular chloroplast development (indistinct membranes, loss of starch granules, thinner grana, and numerous plastoglobuli). Next-generation sequencing approach application revealed that the differential expressed genes were related to photosynthesis machinery, Chl-biosynthesis, and degradation pathway in ch11. Two genes encoding PsbR (PSII core protein), FtsZ1, and PetH genes, were found to be down-regulated. The expression of the FtsZ1 and PetH genes resulted in disrupted chloroplast cell division and electron flow, respectively, consequently reducing Chl accumulation and the photosynthetic capacity of Chl b-deficient rice. Furthermore, this study found the up-regulated expression of the GluRS gene, whereas the POR gene was down-regulated in the Chl biosynthesis and degradation pathways. The results obtained from RT-qPCR analyses were generally consistent with those of transcription analysis, with the exception of the finding that MgCH genes were up-regulated which enhance the important intermediate products in the Mg branch of Chl biosynthesis. These results indicate a reduction in the accumulation of both Chl a and Chl b. This study suggested that a decline in Chl accumulation is caused by irregular chloroplast formation and down-regulation of POR genes; and Chl b might be degraded via the pheophorbide b pathway, which requires further elucidation.

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The effect of harvest date on yield loss of long and short-grain rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) in Northeast China

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/j.eja.2021.126382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 131 ◽

pp. 126382

Author(s):

Jinwu Wang ◽

Xiaobo Sun ◽

Yanan Xu ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Han Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Northeast China ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Harvest Date ◽

Rice Cultivars

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HERBICIDAL EFFICACY OF ROOT EXUDATES OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) ON BARNYARD GRASS (ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI L.)

Kongunadu Research Journal ◽

10.26524/krj121 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 26-29

Author(s):

Prabhakaran J ◽

Kavitha D

Keyword(s):

Root Exudates ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Weed Species ◽

Underground Part ◽

Barnyard Grass ◽

Crop Field ◽

Germination And Growth

A laboratory study was conducted to assess the herbicidal potential of root exudates of three rice cultivars (ADT-36, BPT and IR-20) against germination and growth of common crop field weed, barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.). Various concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20%) of root exudates were prepared from the underground part of rice cultivars from the postharvest rice fields. The studies revealed that all the three rice cultivars were exhibited significant inhibition on growth and development of weed species. Among the rice cultivars, ADT-36 exhibited the greatest inhibition on the seed germination (86%), seedling growth(83%), dry weight (81%) of barnyard cross than BPT and ADT-36. The percentage of inhibition on concentration depends. The order of inhibition of the rice cultivars was ADT-36 > BPT > IR-20 on barnyard grass.

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Análisis Prospectivo de la Detección Hiperespectral de Cultivos de Arroz (Oryza Sativa L.)

KnE Engineering ◽

10.18502/keg.v3i1.1414 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Jorge Serrano ◽

José Fábrega ◽

Evelyn Quirós ◽

Javier Sánchez- Galán ◽

José Ulises Jiménez

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Oryza Sativa ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Principal Component ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Spectral Signature ◽

Prospective Analysis ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Crop Varieties ◽

Nm Range

The objective of this work is to perform a prospective analysis of the wavelengths that can be used to recognize a rice crop due to its phenological status and variety. For this purpose, field measurements of spectral signature in the 350 nm -1049 nm range were employed. The rice cultivars FCA 616FL and IDIAP 54-05 were used. The study site was located in the Juan Hombrón area in the Coclé province, Panama. A principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out, which resulted in the lengths 728.16, 677.89 and 785.48 nm let phenological differentiation within the cultivar FCA 616FL and IDIAP 54-05, the lengths 729.72, 814.58 and 666.81 nm let distinguish between crop varieties FCA 616FL and IDIAP 54-05 in vegetative phase.Keywords: Rice, reflectance, hyperspectral signature, phonological state.

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