"I am at your disposal": a letter from Karl Lamprecht to Nikolai Kareev, 1914

В публикации реконструируется малоизвестная часть биографии Н.И. Кареева (1850–1931), связанная с пятинедельным пребыванием на территории Германии в на-чале Первой мировой войны. В центре публикации – письмо К. Лампрехта Н.И. Карееву, написанное в июле 1914 г. и выявленное в Научно-исследовательском отделе рукописей РГБ. Поводом к написанию письма для Н.И. Кареева стало обращение за помощью в содействии/протекции по вопросу возвращения на родину. Письмо вносит дополнительные ноты в изучение роли личных контактов ученых. Публикуется оригинал письма и перевод текста с немецкого языка. This article reconstructs a little-known part of the biography of Nikolay I. Kareev (1850-1931), associated with a five-week stay in Germany at the beginning of the First World War.. In the center of the publication is a letter from Karl Lamprecht to Nikolay Kareev, written in July 1914 and identified in the Research Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library. The reason for writing a letter to Kareev was to ask for help in promoting / protecting the issue of returning to the homeland. The letter adds additional notes to the study of the role of personal contacts of scientists and should be taken into account when reconstructing the scientific biography of Russian and German professors. The original letter and the translation of the text from the German language are published.

Rapid Response: Ivermectin in Covid-19

Rapid Response to BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine re Popp et al., Letter to Editor, DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2021-111791. Rapid Responses appear as tabs to the original Letter but do not acquire DOI references. This posting provides a DOI to the text of the Rapid Response and a clear text with errors of formatting in the journal version repaired.

CIRCULAR LETTER OF THE PROTO-HEGUMEN VASYL ROGOVSKY (12.11.1788)

Summary. The purpose of this study is to analyze the information content of the circular, highlighting the main thematic parts. Research methodology is based on the use of analytical and synthetic critique of the sources. To establish the objectivity of information, in the absence of the original letter, its information in comparison with other handwritten copies and old printed copies which we found. The scientific novelty is that Proto-hegumen Vasyl Rogovskyj’s circular has been introduced into wide circulation for the first time. Conclusions. The author determines the circumstances (holding of the Zhydychyn General and Provincial Chapters) and the purpose (informing about innovations in the Basilian legislation) of writing a district letter and presents a biographical review of the authors of the correspondence (Proto-hegumen Vasyl Rogovsky, Provincial Secretary Adrian Shubovych). The structural thematic points of the letter are analyzed: definition of provincial taxes; material support of student monks; sale of things of the dead monasticism; regulation of funeral services; focus on the exemplary behavior of the leaders of the Order; increase in payments for monks-teachers; setting requirements for preachers; preservation of unanimity in liturgical rites; involvement of the studio houses of the Order for diocesan needs; reduction of religious duties; streamlining of financial and property documentation; overcoming obstacles to spiritual growth; on obedience and respect for the authority of the Order and the Church. The importance of the content of the letter is evidenced by the fact that its copy was included in the input documentation of the act books of the Lubar Monastery Chancellery.

Kekuatan Pembuktian Fotokopi Surat yang Tidak Dapat Dicocokkan dengan Aslinya dalam Perkara Perdata

The photocopy acceptable in the court if it matched with the original letter and the strength of that photocopy is the same as the original letter. However, sometimes the original letter has been lost so that it cannot be shown at trial. This paper discusses whether a photocopy that cannot be matched with the original letter can be accepted in the civil procedural law and if it can be accepted how the strength of it, then the discussion will look at the judge’s consideration in two cases related to the issue. The results of discussions are that photocopies that cannot be matched with the original letter can be accepted as evidence if the photocopy matches or is strengthened with other evidence, as the jurisprudence of Decision Nr. 112 K/Pdt/1996 and Decision Nr. 410 K/pdt/2004. The jurisprudence has been followed by similar cases, which is the Decision of the Central Jakarta District Court Nr. 164/Pdt.G/2004/PN.Jkt.Pst jo. Decision of The Jakarta High Court Nr. 234/Pdt/2005/PT.DKI jo. Decision of The Supreme Court Nr. 1498 K/Pdt/2006 which in this case a photocopy can be accepted because it is strengthened by the recognition of the opposing party and The Pontianak District Court Nr.52/Pdt.G/2003/PN.Ptk which received a photocopy because it was strengthened with witness testimony. The photocopy has a free power of proof (depends on the judge’s assessment). The use and assessment of the strength of the photocopy cannot be independent, but must be linked to other valid evidence. Abstrak Fotokopi surat dapat diterima dalam persidangan apabila dapat dicocokkan dengan aslinya, dan kekuatan pembuktiannya sama seperti surat aslinya. Tulisan ini membahas, dalam hal surat aslinya tidak dapat ditunjukkan di persidangan, apakah fotokopi surat dapat diterima dalam pembuktian hukum acara perdata, dan, apabila dapat diterima, bagaimanakah kekuatan pembuktiannya. Artikel ini menunjukkan, fotokopi surat yang tidak dapat dicocokkan dengan aslinya dapat diterima sebagai alat bukti surat jika bersesuaian atau dikuatkan dengan alat bukti lain, sebagaimana Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 112 K/Pdt/1996 dan Putusan Nomor 410 K/pdt/2004 yang telah menjadi yurisprudensi. Yurisprudensi ini telah diikuti dalam perkara serupa, yaitu dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat Nomor 164/Pdt.G/2004/PN.Jkt.Pst jo. Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Jakarta Nomor 234/Pdt/2005/PT.DKI jo. Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1498 K/Pdt/2006, di mana dalam perkara ini fotokopi surat dapat diterima karena dikuatkan dengan pengakuan pihak lawan. Demikian juga dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Pontianak Nomor 52/Pdt.G/2003/PN.Ptk, yang menerima fotokopi surat yang tidak dapat dicocokkan dengan aslinya karena dikuatkan dengan alat bukti keterangan saksi. Dengan demikian, fotokopi surat memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang bebas, artinya diserahkan kepada penilaian hakim. Penggunaan dan penilaian kekuatan pembuktian fotokopi tersebut tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, tetapi harus dikaitkan dengan alat bukti lainnya yang sah.

IMPLEMENTASI PENGAMANAN DATA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA CAESAR CIPHER DAN TRANSPOSISI CIPHER

Abstrack - The existence of data theft and misuse of data by unrelated groups causes the data to be no longer safe. Therefore, a security is needed that can make data safe from groups that are not concerned. Caesar Cipher Algorithm, which is the position of the original letter location changed through the alphabet. Transposition algorithm, which uses character permutations. Caesar Cipher and Transposition can secure data and restore data without changing the original form (plaintext).Keywords - Data Theft, Security, Caesar Chiper, Cipher Transposition Abstrack - Adanya pencurian data dan penyalahgunaan data oleh kelompok yang tidak bersangkutan menyebabkan data tidak terjaga lagi. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan suatu keamanan yang bisa membuat data aman dari kelompok yang tidak bersangkutan. Algoritma Caesar Cipher, yaitu posisi letak huruf asal diubah melalui alfabet. Algoritma Transposisi, yaitu menggunakan permutasi karakter. Caesar Cipher dan Transposisi dapat mengamankan data dan mengembalikan data tanpa merubah bentuk dari aslinya (plainteks).Kata Kunci - Pencurian Data, Keamanan, Caesar Chiper, Trasposisi Chiper

АБУ ЯҚУБ САККОКИЙ “LĀM”, “MĪM”, “VĀV” ҲАРФЛАРНИНГ СЎЗДАГИ ЎРНИ ҲАҚИДАГИ ҚАРАШЛАРИ

Ушбу мақолада араб тилидаги тасриф (сўз ясалиши) илмининг нозик ва мураккаб жиҳатларини қамраб олган ҳодисалардан бири тадқиқ қилинган. Араб тилида сўз ясалиши ўзиги хос услуб – морфологик қолип асосида амалга оширилади. Бу морфологик қолип сўз ясалишининг асоси ҳисобланади ва у икки турли ҳарфлар бирикмасидан иборат бўлади. Араб тилидаги 28та ҳарф сўз ҳосил қилишда “асл” ҳарф ёки “зиёда” ҳарф сифатида иштирок этади. Бундан ташқари, бир ҳарф икки турга мансуб бўлиши ҳам мумкин. Сўз ҳосил қилишдаги мураккаблик зиёда ҳарфнинг асл ҳарф бўлиб келишидир. Зиёда ҳарфнинг асл ҳарф бўлиб келиш ўринларини билиш сўзнинг асл ўзак ҳарфларини белгилашда, бу сўз қайси мофологик қолипда эканлигини билишда, у қандай маъноларни қамраб олганлигини аниқлашда муҳимдир. Мақолада ушбу жараёнда энг фаол бўлган как و [vāv], ل [lām] и م [mīm] ҳарфларининг сўздаги ўринлари ўрганилган, ушбу ҳарфларнинг қайси ўринда асл ва қайси ўринда зиёда бўлиб келиши ёритилган. Зиёда бўлиб келганда қандай маъно англатиши борасидаги фикрлар ёзилган. Муаллиф ўз фикр-мулоҳазаларини асослаш учун илк ўрта асрларда яратилган ва кўпчиликка ҳаммага маълум бўлган ишончли манбалардан файдаланган. В статье была исследована одна из сложных сторон науки тасрифа (словообразования) арабского языка. Словообразование в арабском языке осуществляется на основеморфологической модели, являющейся особым методом. Эта морфологическая модель,являясь основой словообразования, состоит из двух разных буквенных комбинаций. 28 букв в арабском языке участвуют в словообразовании в качестве коренных или некоренных букв. Одна и та же буква может относиться как к коренным, так и некоренным буквам, что усложняет анализ словообразования. Исследование таких закономерностей, где некоренная буква может быть коренной, считается важным для определения коренных букв в слове, выявления морфологической модели слова и понимания того, какие значения включает в себя эта морфологическая модель. В статье исследована роль в словообразовании каждой из самых активно участвующих в этом процессе букв, таких как و [vāv], ل [lām] и م [mīm]. Произведено исследование участия этих букв в качестве коренных и некоренных в слове. Выражено мнение автора о значении этих букв при их участии в качестве вспомогательного элемента в слове. При подготовке статьи были использованы известные и надежные источники раннего средневековья. The article discusses one of the most sensitive and complicated aspects of the tasrif (of word formation) in the Arabic language. This event is the starting point of the word in word formation. Creation of words in the Arabic language is made up in a specific method of morphology. This morphological method is the basis of word formation and consists of two different combinations of letters. The 28 letters in the Arabic language are used as the original or lowercase letters. It can also be one letter of both types. Complexity in making words is that additive letters comes as original. Knowing where additive letters come as original letter is essential concept in determining base letters of the word, to understand in which model of morphology, to understand which meanings cover this morphologic model. The article summarizes participation role of most actively used letters such as و («vāv»), ل («lām»), م («mīm»). These letters indicated in which way they are original and in which way they are additive. Thoughts about what meaning come when used additives. For the article has been used well-known and reliable sources of early medieval centuries.

Pengaturan Kewenangan Notaris Melakukan Pengesahan Fotokopi Surat dengan Aslinya

Article 15 paragraph (2) letter d UUJN-P concerning the authority of Notaries to approve the suitability of a photocopy with the original letter there is an obscurity of legal norms which gives rise to multiple interpretations in terms of validating the suitability of photocopies made by a Notary in accordance with the original letter which does not provide clarity of understanding of how the Notary to do matching and any letter that can be validated by a Notary. The writing of this journal aims to develop Notary Legal Science that examines the authority of the Notary to validate the suitability of the photocopy with the original letter. The study of scientific journal writing uses a type of normative research that departs from the obscurity of legal norms Article 15 paragraph (2) letter d UUNJ-P regarding the authority of a Notary to authorize the compatibility of a photocopy with the original letter. The results of this journal research is legal certainty Article 15 paragraph (2) letter d UUJN-P related to the authority of the Notary in validating the suitability of the photocopy with the original letter there is still a vague legal norm that does not provide clarity of understanding of how the Notary does the matching and what letter matching validation can be done. The authority of the Notary in ensuring the correctness of the suitability of the photocopy with the original letter whether or not having the authority in the study of the author is a Notary having the authority stipulated in the provisions of Article 15 paragraph (2) letter d UUJN-P but in this case it needs to be corrected in the future considering UUJN-P is not provide legal certainty to the extent of the authority of the Notary in validating the suitability of the photocopy with the original letter. Berdasarkan Pasal 15 ayat (2) huruf d Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris mengenai kewenangan Notaris melakukan pengesahan kesesuaian fotokopi dengan surat aslinya terdapat kekaburan norma hukum yang menimbulkan multitafsir dalam hal pengesahan kecocokan fotokopi yang dilakukan oleh Notaris sesuai dengan surat aslinya yang tidak memberikan kejelasan pemahaman tentang bagaimana cara Notaris untuk melakukan pencocokan fotokopi dengan surat asli dan apa saja yang dapat dilakukan oleh Notaris untuk mengetahui keaslian fotocopi dokumen yang diberikan penghadap dalam melaksanakan pengesahan pencocokan sesuai dengan aslinya.Tujuan penulisan jurnal ini guna mengembangkan Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan yang mengkaji tugas Notaris melakukan pengesahan kecocokan fotokopi dengan surat aslinya. Penelitian penulisan jurnal ilmiah ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif yang berawal dari adanya kekaburan norma hukum Pasal 15 ayat (2) huruf d UUNJ-P mengenai kewenangan Notaris untuk melakukan pengesahan kecocokan fotokopi dengan surat aslinya. Hasil penelitian jurnal ini adalah kepastian hukum Pasal 15 ayat (2) huruf d UUJN-P terkait kewenangan Notaris dalam mengesahkan kesesuaian fotokopi dengan surat aslinya masih terdapat kekaburan norma hukum. Kekaburan tersebut tidak memberikan kejelasan pemahaman tentang bagaimana cara Notaris dapat mengetahui pencocokan fotocopy surat yang akan dicocokan dapat dikatakan asli. Kewenangan Notaris dalam memastikan kebenaran kesesuaian fotokopi surat dengan surat aslinya tertdapat dalam ketentuan Pasal 15 ayat (2) huruf d UUJN-P akan tetapi hal ini kedepannya perlu dilakukan pembenahan mengingat dalam pasal tersebut tidak memberikan kepastian hukum sejauh mana kewenangan Notaris dapat melakukan pengesahkan persesuaian fotokopi dengan surat aslinya.

– The effect of the original letter (from) on the development of the meanings of the Holy Quran – A grammatical study : أثر حرف الجر (مِنْ) الأصلية في استنباطِ معاني القرآن الكريم– دراسة نحوية دلالية –

The importance of this scientific paper: Come value as relevant to the Qur'an, by tracking the meanings "of" the original, from the words, and the views of scientists as evacuation. The main findings of the preposition (of the original) , through a variety of meanings, came meanings [of] the original, multiple, as follows: Beginning end spatial true, and starting end metaphors, and starting end, the moral, and the starting end, temporal, and Altbaad, and the statement of the race in addition to the names of species, and the wildcard, the reason or explanation, and preference.

Charles Rice-Davis translates Mário de Sá-Carneiro

The three poems produced here, two from Portuguese, one from French, are taken from letters Sá-Carneiro wrote to Pessoa. The poem titled here, “The End,” is one of the better known poems of Portuguese modernism, though in the original letter, Sá-Carneiro gives it no title. Nor did he title the poem translated from French. The three poems touch on recurring thematic and stylistic features of his published work and private letters: ruins, fragments, the desire to inhabit the body of a woman (most famously as a plot point of A Confissão de Lúcio) and the anticipation of his own death (in Paris, for example, as imagined in the 1913 “Dispersão”). Likewise, all exhibit a signature practice of integrating wordless, dotted lines into poems, which he had done in earlier published and manuscript poems. These dotted lines have been restored, thanks to Ricardo Vasconcelos’ exhaustive, monumental edition of Sá-Carneiro’s poetry and correspondence with Pessoa. The lines are ruined, are ruins: inscrutable hieroglyphs that vex the poet’s few, but devoted, readers.

The reappearance of Galileo's original Letter to Benedetto Castelli

This article describes an important manuscript discovered recently in the Royal Society archives, and presents evidence that it is the holograph of Galileo's Letter to Benedetto Castelli of 21 December 1613. It was in this letter that Galileo first set out his ideas on the relation between science and religion, and defended Copernican astronomy from charges of being contrary to the Holy Scriptures. The text of the Letter has hitherto been known only through manuscript copies, namely the 12 used by Antonio Favaro in his critical edition of 1895. Despite his magisterial work, Favaro did not manage to locate Galileo's autograph and was forced to rely exclusively on copies. The Letter to Castelli preserved at the Royal Society is of remarkable interest. By comparison with the other extant manuscript copies by different hands, its wording seems to be theologically more daring and compromising. The discovery of this autograph is therefore one of the most important in Galilean studies in recent decades, shedding new light on his intricate relations with the Roman Catholic Church in these years.