scholarly journals The Current Situation of the Reform on World Public Pension and Its Enlightenment to China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuna Liu
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Retirement Income ◽  
Emerging Market Countries ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Old Age Poverty

From a worldwide perspective, the proportion of the elderly in the total population is increasing. How to maintain the adequacy and fnancial sustainability of pension system will be a formidable challenge for all countries. Most OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries and many emerging market countries have reformed their pensions system. Structural reforms and parametric reforms are main reform measures. Meanwhile, employment promotion of the elderly and alleviating old age poverty are drawing much more attention. It can be concluded that , on the basis of empirical analysis of other countries' reforms and comparative analysis, China should combine measures of raising the retirement age with promoting the age management ; and lower the poverty of older people to ensure that the elderly population can receive adequate retirement income; and extend the coverage of voluntary pension scheme to attract more labor force employed in informal sectors to participate in ,thus increasing retirement income eventually

Drohende Altersarmut – neue Aufgaben für die Rentenversicherung?

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Poverty Risk ◽  
Employment Trajectories ◽  
Old Age Poverty

AbstractOliver Arentz and Steffen Roth state that poverty among the elderly is currently an exception in Germany. Nevertheless, it is foreseeable that future pensioners will have less income and assets at their disposal. Reasons are the effects of the demographic change to the pay-as-you-go pension scheme, gaps in employment biographies and low pay employment. With that in mind, they discuss the reform package advocated by the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. Furthermore they derive guidelines for a sustainable reform of the pension schemes.Bert Rürup also argues that poverty in old age is up to now not a relevant social problem in Germany. Nevertheless, there are clear indications that poverty among the elderly will increase in the future due to a bundle of reasons. Because of this there is no silver bullet to solve this problem. In the conception of an adequate strategy to reduce and to prevent a rise of poverty in old age, however, the equivalence principle as the basic principal the German statutory pension scheme has to be questioned critically.Jan Goebel gives an overview of the current development of old-age poverty in Germany and classifies widely discussed concepts for the reform of statutory pension insurance. Although current indicators generally point to an increase in old-age poverty, the empirical data show no growth at present in poverty risk for persons aged 65 and older. However, it is expected that the income position of older people will be worsen due to the declining pension payments of new retirees and the increase in discontinuous employment trajectories as well as the insufficient spread in private old age provision. One of the reforms discussed for preventing rising poverty risks in old age is to consider life expectancy in the pension formula. This appears to be a promising means of reducing inequality within the group of pensioners, he states. The implicit redistribution within the statutory pension system due to the empirically well-known correlation between living standards and life expectancy will decrease, and the equivalence principle can be strengthened.

Suicide and Aging in Japan: An Examination of Treated Elderly Suicide Attempters

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitomo Takahashi ◽  
Hideto Hirasawa ◽  
Keiko Koyama ◽  
Osamu Asakawa ◽  
Matazo Kido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Public ◽  
Geriatric Hospital ◽  
Elderly Japanese ◽  
Elderly Suicide

Although individuals aged 65 and over accounted for 12% of the total population of Japan in 1990, suicides in this age group consisted of 29% of all suicides. The elderly population of Japan is expected to grow rapidly to 24% of the total population by the year 2020, and suicide prevention for the elderly is an urgent mental health problem. Among a total of 1,216 elderly patients who were admitted to the Department of Psychiatry at Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital between April 1980 and March 1990, 50 were hospitalized immediately after suicide attempts in order to study their psychosociomedical problems. Because early diagnosis of depression and initiation of proper treatment are indispensable—even if patients do not show obvious depressive symptoms—those who develop persistent somatization and/or delirium should be considered highly suicidal and given special attention. With the cooperation of mental health professionals, it is necessary to educate general practitioners, the public, and the elderly themselves about characteristics of psychiatric disorders and various problems associated with aging. Further research on other elderly Japanese populations, as well as research that examines suicide completion, is needed to confirm the findings of the present study.

scholarly journals Acute Appendicitis in the Elderly: A Literature Review on an Increasingly Frequent Surgical Problem

Geriatrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Sintija Lapsa ◽  
Arturs Ozolins ◽  
Ilze Strumfa ◽  
Janis Gardovskis
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Overall Health Status

With increased life expectancy and the growing total population of elderly patients, there has been rise in the number of cases of acute appendicitis in elderly people. Although acute appendicitis is not the most typical pathological condition in the elderly, it is not uncommon. Most of these patients require surgical treatment, and as with any acute surgical pathology in advanced age, treatment possibilities are affected by comorbidities, overall health status, and an increased risk of complications. In this literature review we discuss differences in acute appendicitis in the elderly population, with a focus on clinical signs, diagnostics, pathogenesis, treatment, and results.

scholarly journals Does the New Rural Pension Scheme improve residents’ livelihoods? Empirical evidence from Northwestern China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250130
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Lisheng Zhao ◽  
Yubing Fan ◽  
Bingxue Xie
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Financial Perspective

The sustainable development of pension systems has been investigated from a financial perspective worldwide. However, the pension adequacy and its effect on the sustainability of a national pension system are still understudied. Using actual replacement rate and modified living standards replacement rate, this study empirically evaluates whether China’s New Rural Pension Scheme (NRPS) grants enough livelihood protection for the rural residents in the Northwestern China. The results show that the NRPS fails to meet the basic needs of the elderly people (i.e., age of sixty years or older) or the middle-aged people (forty-five to fifty-nine years old), while it only provides limited protection for the young people (sixteen to forty-four years old). These findings suggest that the current NRPS benefits are very low in the Northwestern China and policy reforms should be further implemented to improve the sustainable development of the New Rural Pension Scheme.

The Perspectives of Pension System Modernization in the Republic of Moldova

Economica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Biloocaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
Global Aging

The global aging process is changing the demographic structure of the world’s population and the socio-economic balance between generations. This process urgently raises the question of the forms of social support for the elderly population, thereby making new requirements on pension systems. The study of the international experience and practice of the Republic of Moldova, carried out in this article, has revealed that countries with pension systems that combine voluntary and mandatory, public and private schemes are most effective in solving this problem. At the same time, investigation demonstrates that pension system modernization requires strong analysis of its possible advantages and disadvantages, taking into consideration the whole set of peculiarities of the Republic of Moldova.

scholarly journals SINGAPORE’S LIFE PROGRAM: ACTUARIAL FRAMEWORK, LONGEVITY RISK AND IMPACT OF ANNUITY FUND RETURN

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOON-SHING KWONG ◽  
YIU-KUEN TSE ◽  
WAI-SUM CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Longevity Risk ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Lifetime Income ◽  
Fund Return ◽  
Provident Fund

The Central Provident Fund (CPF) is a defined-contribution savings plan forming the key pillar of the pension system in Singapore. The CPF Lifelong Income For the Elderly (LIFE) program, which provides lifetime income for retirees, is a mandatory pension scheme for all Singapore residents. In this paper we construct an actuarial framework to analyze the LIFE program. We use this framework to study the plan payout outcomes with respect to changes in mortality and annuity fund return assumptions. We also examine the effects of some possible changes in the program on the payouts and bequests.

scholarly journals Penurunan Kecemasan melalui Senam Prolanis Pada Lansia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Ike Prafitasari ◽  
Nurul Mawaddah ◽  
Oktovian Dwi Arini
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Oxygen Absorption ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significance Level

Indonesia has reached the phase of the old structured country because it has an elderly population which reaches 9.27% ​​of the total population. Problems experienced were increasing due to the prevalence in the elderly due to decrease capability of physical and mental. Prolanist exercises a form of physical exercise that was overcoming adversity in the elderly. This study aimed to study the effect of prolanist exercises on anxiety in the elderly in the working area of ​​the Sumberbaru Health Center. The design of this study was pre-experimental with a total sampling technique with a total sample of 29 prolanist members. Analysis of the data used was a paired t-test statistical test. The results obtained before prolanis exercises most of the elderly were at mild anxiety levels, with an average HARS score of 19.76. After prolanis exercises the elderly anxiety almost half are in the level of mild anxiety, with an average HARS score of 18.10. Based on statistical tests with a significance level of α = 0.05, the results obtained p value 0,000. Because the value of p <α (0.05), Ho was rejected. So there was an effect prolanist exercises for anxiety the elderly at the Sumberbaru Health Center. Prolanis exercises activities created social interaction between the elderly so that the elderly cannot feel isolated. Prolanis exercises also increase oxygen absorption, pain management, and trigger endorphins to created a sense of calm thereby reducing anxiety in the elderly.

scholarly journals A Review of the Iran's elderly status according to the census records

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pouya Farokhnezhad Afshar ◽  
Parvaneh Asgari ◽  
Mahmoud Shiri ◽  
Fatemeh Bahramnezhad
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Medical Health ◽  
Aging Phenomenon

For many reasons, the elderly population in Iran is considered a growing phenomenon. An accelerated decline in birth rate in the past two decades, medical-health advances, and increased life expectancy are among the major reasons. Based on the definitions of the Country’s Population Index, Iran's elderly population, with a growth rate of 3.9% compared to the total population growth (2.29%) between 2007 and 2012 has reached to the elderly population of 8.26% in 2012, which puts Iran among countries with aging populations. Now, Iran's elderly population is 6205998 people, including approximately 48.70% aged men and 51.30% aged women. Iran, based on the age criteria of the population structure, is now faced with the aging phenomenon, and since this phenomenon encompasses health, economic and social consequences, as well as service requirements, elderly population of Iran should be comprehensively and continuously evaluated so that the health and medical officials could deal with the incident with proper planning and meet the needs of this group of the society. [GMJ.2016;5(1):1-6]

Starting Over in Pensions: The Challenges Facing Central and Eastern Europe1

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Holzmann
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Retirement Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
Open Questions

ABSTRACTAll countries in Central and Eastern Europe require rapid and drastic restructuring of their public pension schemes for macro- and microeconomic reasons. While initial considerations were geared towards streamlining the unfunded scheme, reducing many distortions and making it financially sound, some transition economies initiated reform plans for a move from unfunded to funded retirement income provision. The paper reviews the need for reform and surveys the discussion and current plans before addressing three central open questions: How to structure the first and unfunded tier? How to finance the transition toward the second and funded tier? What are the minimum financial sector requirements before funded provisions can be initiated? The success of the current pension reform efforts in Central Europe will have an important bearing on developments throughout Europe. A failure in one transition economy caused by bad design, unprojected deficits, or insufficient financial market preparation could discredit a funded pension system in the whole region; a successful move towards an unfunded-funded multi-tier pension scheme in Eastern Europe could positively stimulate the discussion of pension reform in the European Union.

scholarly journals Situation of older women living at Slum area in Dhaka City of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Mousumi Adhikary ◽  
Sanjib Chandra Mandal ◽  
Urme Nag ◽  
Fuzael Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Family Income ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Family Decision Making

The older section of the population is increasing much faster than the total population. Older women bear a disproportionately low status in every aspects of life in Bangladesh. They have less control over their family income and family decision making. The objective of this study was to find out the situation of older women living at slum area. This is a descriptive data where data were collected from Dhaka city Bangladesh in slum area. In Bangladesh many older people spend their lives in poverty and ill health which is major risk for the elderly population. Poverty and exclusion are the greatest threats to the wellbeing of older people. They passed their very basic QoL with no proper humanitarian support. The policy maker should take the proper steps for improving their QoL as well as think about their basic rights.

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