scholarly journals Development of viticulture in the north-eastern forest-steppe region of Ukraine through the prism of the ecological approach

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Environmentally Safe

The purpose of this article is to determine ecological aspects of grapes quality grown on a private plot in the village of Vysokyi, Kharkiv district, Kharkiv region. Main material. The article analyzes the issues of safe and ecological cultivation of grapes in the North-Eastern foreststeppe region of Ukraine as one of the most important indicators for successful and rational cultivation of grapes. This thus ensures crop productivity, drawing a???? ention to the need to intensify research and practical activities for grapes cultivation. The study of viticulture’s optimization shows that it is necessary to have a clear and complete picture of the ecological potential of the territory to increase the productivity of plantations. For this reason a comprehensive method of studying grapes and related plants is required. Useful properties of such a valuable crop as grapes will be manifested if it is environmentally safe for the human body. It should be added that the ecological value of grapes as a crop is due to the fact that it does not deplete the soil and does not suppress other plants. Proper farming techniques, when cultivating soils, do not lead to their signifi cant erosion. Grapes can also be used on soils that are less suitable for other crops in terms of their mechanical and organic composition. All this is complemented by the fact that grape plantations can exist in specifi c areas for a long time without negative manifestations. Grapes are a unique product in their composition and, therefore - extremely useful. The quality of plants is an urgent problem for specialists in various fi elds of research from soil scientists to nutritionists. People have been studying plants for a long time, solving various problems. Conclusions. 10 diff erent varieties of grapes (and grape seeds) have been analysed in the course of study as well as soil samples from the area of cultivation to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb) and nitrates. It has been determined that concentrations of heavy metals do not exceed the normative indicators in berries and stones in any of the grape varieties. An important task is to analyse in detail the suitability of the territory of Kharkiv region for growing grapes in the natural environment. Beneficial properties of grapes will be manifested if they are environmentally safe for the human body.

scholarly journals Development of the leaf area and the productivity structure of the sunflower hybrids in the north-eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
М.М. Sakhoshko ◽  
M.I. Kravchenko ◽  
V.M. Yatsenko ◽  
I.O. Kolosok
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Area Index ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Sunflower Crop

At the present stage, the model of leaf plant development is increasingly considered as the main element of genotypes adaptation to specific cultivation conditions, geographical area, etc. Under these conditions, the potential of the hybrid, the range of its adaptation to environmental conditions is determined by the level of interaction between the development of the assimilation apparatus and the generative organs. An urgent task aimed at improving the productivity of sunflower crop due to the use of genotypes adapted to the conditions of the north-eastern Forest-Steppe and Polyssya of Ukraine is to identify typical schemes of interaction of photosynthetic potential and parameters of plant productivity and crop yields. The studies were conducted in accordance with the program for the development of a variety model for the conditions of the north-eastern Forest-Steppe and Polyssya of Ukraine. Field experiments were carried out in 2016‒2019 at the Sumy National Agrarian University and the Institute of the Agriculture of North East of Ukraine. In the studies, 28‒56 hybrids of different originators were tested annually. Sunflower was cultivated according to the technology recommended for the area, with pre-harvesting density of 60 thousand plants / ha. Harvesting was done manually, from two central rows of a 4-rows plot. The results were processed using the Statistics package. The data on yield indices and values of leaf area coefficient (LAC) of crop for groups of varieties separated by the duration of growing season were analyzed. It was found that the increasing of leaf area was accompanied by an increasing of yield in case of comparing groups with dates of technological maturation until 20 August, 1 September and 10 September. In all cases, the maximum value of the leaf area index ranged from 3.12‒3.52 m2/m2. These dynamics of indicators indicated to the regulatory nature of the values of leaf area coefficient (LAC) of modern sunflower crop and the absence of genotypes (or conditions) capable of maintaining these values at the level of more than 3.3‒3.5 m2/m2. According to the analysis of correlation pleiades, the presence of several levels was found and the relative independence of the relationships between the group of parameters, determining the morphological structure of plants and the vertical structure of crop and the group of parameters, characterizing the content of chlorophyll and its concentration per unit area of leaf surface. In practical terms, the results of the analysis indicated the potential informative nature of the complex use of parameters characterizing the morpho-structure of plants, primarily the index of leaf area and the index of chlorophyll concentration per unit area. In order to isolate the typical schemes characteristic of different levels of adaptation to the conditions of the zone, data on 29 sunflower hybrids distributed in the region were clustered. The results of the analysis allowed to distinguish three significantly different algorithms for the realization of the vegetative and generative potential of sunflower hybrids in the area of the north-eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It has been established that one of the factors for successful realization of the generative potential of sunflower hybrids in the conditions of the zone is the ability to preserve and (in some cases) to improve the structure of relations between the dynamics and parameters of the plant leaf apparatus and the parameters of their generative development.

scholarly journals Constructive and geographical basis of the viticulture development in the North-Eastern foreststeppe region of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Study Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to constructive-geographical research of the bases of viticulture development in the North-Eastern foreststeppe region of Ukraine by conducting microclimatic and phenological observations, disclosing and substantiating their role in practical activities. The constructive and geographical approach has been used for solving the problem of distribution and commercial cultivation of grapes in Ukraine. This approach forms an important basis for the theory and practice of cultivation areas expansion of heat-loving crops, in particular grapes, atypical for the forest-steppe region. The paper reveals features of natural conditions of the North-Eastern forest-steppe region of Ukraine. Based on years of meteorological and phenological observations the possibility to develop viticulture in these conditions has been proved. Using the long-term observations data of the influence of the agrometeorological conditions on the course of the growing season and quality of grapes produces positive results. For the first time influence of weather types and microclimate characteristics of weather in the forest-steppe region on the individual phases of grapes development have been shown. New approaches have been applied to the study of grapes development phases and distribution of the sum of temperatures for each phase particularly. Ways of science-based weather and climate events forecasting have been improved in grapes cultivation and the importance of this when planning harvests. The author developed a forecast variation, projecting recommendations for the successful development of viticulture in Ukraine. The main results of phenological observations have been summarized; their combination with instrumental made it possible to study the processes of heat transfer during the growing season from early phases in stones development of such plants as apricot and cherry, which are the plants-indicators in the study region. The algorithm for determining yield of grapes in the North-Eastern forest-steppe region of Ukraine has been proposed. Forecast variations, projecting recommendations for the successful development of viticulture as well as general recommendations on cultivating this culture in the region have been developed.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF STANDING DENSITY OF SOY PLANTS DEPENDING ON THE SORT’S MATURITY GROUP OF THE VARIETY FOR THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF THE FORESTSTEPPE OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Z. I. Hlupak
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
North Eastern Part

The aim of the article is to establish the optimal sowing density of soybean plants depending on the maturity group of the variety to obtain consistently high yields. For this purpose, new varieties of soybeans Siverka, Medison and Sihaliia were taken for research, which differ not only in the duration of vegetation, but also in morphological characteristics. The object of the research is the process of forming soybean yield depending on the variety and standing density. The subject of the research is the varieties: early-ripening Siverka from the Institure of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (NAAS), year of registration - 2013, plant growth type - intermediate; middle-early Medison from Hyland seeds: it has been in the Register of the varieties of Ukraine from 2008; type of growth - indeterminate; middle-ripening Sihaliia fro Dunai Agro, which was brought in the Register of the varieties of Ukraine in 2014, type of growth - indeterminate; seeding rates of 600, 700 and 800 thousand per ha; soybean grain yield. The forerunner in the experiments was winter wheat. Soil preparation consisted of stubble peeling and fallow plowing. Before sowing cultivation with harrowing was conducted. Sowing was carried out at a time when the soil at thr depth of 10 cm warms up to 100C in the usual row manner with a row spacing of 15 cm to the depth of 4-5 cm. Crops care laid in carring out preemergence and two post-emergence harrowings. Studies have shown that soybean yields depended on the variety and density of plants. Thus, on average over the years of research, the yield in the variety Siverka varied from 2.01 t per ha at a density of 800 thousand pieces per ha and decreased as it thickened to 2.26 t per ha at a density of 600 thousand pieces per ha. In the Medison variety, the yield ranged from 2.18 t per ha at a density of 600 thousand units per ha to 2.41 t per ha at a density of 700 thousand units per ha. In the Sihaliia variety, the yield varied from 2.28 t per ha at a density of 600 thousand pieces per ha to 2.50 t per ha at a density of 800 thousand pieces per ha. The maximum yield for the years of research (2.09-2.39 t per ha) the variety of Siverka formed at a density of 600 thousand pieces per ha. In the Medison variety the highest yield (2.31-2.52 t per ha) was obtained at a standing density of 700 thousand pieces per ha. The yield of the Sihaliia variety depended to a greater extent on the weather and climatic conditions of the year. Thus, under drier conditions in 2017, the highest yield of the variety (2.44 t per ha) was formed at a density of 700 thousand pieces per ha. Under more favorable conditions, the highest yield was obtained at a density of 800 thousand pieces per ha - 2.51-2.69 t per ha. Depending on the weather and climatic conditions of the years of research, the highest yields of all varieties were obtained under favorable conditions in 2019 - 2.27-2.56 t per ha. Under drier and cooler conditions in 2017, the yield of all varieties was lower by 0.13-0.41 t per ha. Thus, in the conditions of the north-eastern part of the forest-steppe of Ukraine, in order to obtain a high soybean yield, it is necessary to take a differentiated approach to the choice of the optimal standing density depending on the maturity group of the variety. Optimal conditions for the formation of maximum productivity of early-ripening soybean variety Siverka were created in the agrophytocenosis at densities of 600 thousand per ha, for medium-early variety Medison - 700 thousand per ha, and for medium-ripening variety Sihaliia - 700-800 thousand pieces per ha.

Plant genetic diversity of north-east districts of Ukraine (according to the results of the expedition in 2018)

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-46
Author(s):  
V.M. Kirian ◽  
L.A. Hlushchenko ◽  
R.L. Boguslavskyi ◽  
Yu.V. Hlushchenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

Aim. To locate and collect samples of the local gene pool of wild and cultivated plants adapted to the conditions of the north-eastern region of Ukraine for further selection from them of sources of valuable economic and biological traits, including them in breeding and research programs and preservation in the collections of the National Plant Genebank of Ukraine. Results and Discussion. An expeditionary survey of the north-eastern regions of Ukrainian Polesie and Forest-Steppe was carried out. 523 gene pool samples of the cultivated plants and wild related species adapted to the conditions of this region and belonging to 153 botanical taxa were collected. 179 herbarium sheets of 43 plant species are collected. Natural reserves and objects of natural reserve fund for collecting seeds of rare and regionally rare species as well as vegetation of mounds, ravines, slopes, undisturbed steppe areas were examined. Promising objects were identified for monitoring the status of cenopopulations of forage and medicinal plants valuable and rare genotypes, their careful study, preservation and reproduction: buffer zone around the “Mikhailivska Tsilyna” in the Lebedyns’ky district, Sumska region; the system of beams surrounded by forest with untypical meadow and steppe vegetation in the Krolevetsky district of the Sumska region. Geographical coordinates were determined for the arrangement of reserves of for in situ conservation, and a herbarium was collected of regionally rare, rare, state-protected and having international status species as well as plant species that have limited resources. The collected material will ensure the expansion of the genetic base of existing and creation of new collections of genetic resources of field, medicinal and other crops through accessions that are characterized by adaptability to abiotic stress and resistance to biotic factors, yield, product quality. Conclusions. 523 packages of seed and units of planting material of gene pool accessions were collected during the expedition and transferred to scientific institutions for the study. The results of the expedition showed the promise of continuing expeditionary surveys and collecting of the gene pool samples in Ukraine. To do this, it is necessary to equip the NGRGRU with a specialized vehicle and provide a special article for financing expeditions.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BIOPREPARATION RHYZOHUMIN AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR BIOGLOBINE ON SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXING SYSTEM AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
O. M. Murach ◽  
V. V. Volkohon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
The North ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Rhizobial Symbiosis ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Positive Action ◽  
Microbial Preparation

The paper presents the results of study on the influence of pre-sowing treatment of soybeanseeds with the microbial preparation Rhyzohumin and growth regulator Bioglobine, and their separate application (Rhyzohumin was used for seeds bacterization while growth regulator was appliedfoliar during different phases of plants organogenesis) on the formation and functioning of a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing apparatus in the conditions of the north-eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine.Separate application of studied preparations has intensively stimulated the formation and activityof soybean-rhizobial symbiosis, compared to their joint application. Considering their stage-bystage application the preparations has a positive action and increase the grain yield of soybeans.

scholarly journals Pear rust in the conditions of north-eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
V.I. Tatarynova ◽  
O.G. Zhatov ◽  
V.I. Trotsenko ◽  
A.O. Burdulanyuk ◽  
T.O. Rozhkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gymnosporangium Sabinae

Studies were conducted during 2017‒2019 based on the training laboratory of horticulture and viticulture of the Sumy National Agrarian University in the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It was found that the pear was massively affected by rust. This is a fungal disease that was rarely found in fruit orchards of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Rust infected pear trees very rarely in previous years. Only single spots were found on the leaves of the pear. Since 2015, the development of the disease has noticeably accelerated from year to year. There was a massive rust damage of the pear in the region in 2019. The prevalence of the disease reached 100 % in almost all varieties. Mostly the leaves were affected, not to a large extent the shoots of the pear. On the fruits of the external signs of the disease were not detected. During the years of research, weather conditions were optimal for the spread of fungal diseases. Only the aecial stage of the fungus was observed on the pear.  The aecial stage of the pathogen is the most harmful. Affected pear leaves fall prematurely. Studies were conducted on pear varieties Lymonka, Petrovska, Medova, Osinnia Yakovlieva, Chyzhovska, Noiabrska, Bere Desiatova, Uliublenytsia Klappa, which showed different degrees of rust damage. The disease manifested itself most significantly (5 points) on the varieties, Uliublenytsia Klappa and Bere Desiatova. Not one of the varieties did not show high resistance to the pathogen. The pear of the Chyzhovska variety was less affected, with a defeat score of 3 (18.8 %) in 2017 and 4 (32.3 % and 44.1 %) in 2018‒2019. It is known that the life cycle of the rust pathogen Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) G. Winter occurs on two plants: pear and juniper. The pathogen from juniper goes on the pear and vice versa. Pear trees do not become infected from each other. On the territory adjacent to the fruit garden of Sumy National Agrarian University, a survey of plantings of different types of juniper was conducted. There were no visible signs of the disease on the juniper. At the same time, pear trees were highly infected with the pathogen. Perhaps the spores of the fungus can spread far through air currents. But at the same time, possible changes in the life cycle of the pathogen in the conditions of this region. Clarification of this circumstance requires deeper further research.

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