scholarly journals Features of floristic structure and productivity of dry meadows of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Steppe Species ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
Floristic Structure

The article presents the results of study of floristic structure and productivity of the dry meadows preserved in the ravine and gully system in the Zmiiv District of the Kharkiv Region. The research was carried out at the model sites with floral composition and features of use typical for the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It was established that the total phytocenosis productivity depends on the phytomass fluctuations of two main groups of plants, forbs and grasses. The flora of the studied meadows includes at least 87 vascular plant species. The ten main families altogether number 70 species (80.5 % of the species composition). The families Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl (23 species, 26.4 %), Fabaceae Lindl. (11 species, 12.6 %) and Poaceae Barnhart (8 species, 9.2 %) are presented best. This ratio of families is characteristic of herbaceous phytocenoses of the Holarctic floristic realm. The Poaceae family plays the leading role in the formation of meadow phytocenoses, since its members often dominate the main meadow formations. Analysis of the flora ecomorph spectrum revealed prevalence of a xerophilous group that includes meadow, meadow-steppe and steppe species. The obtained data indicate a rather significant xerophytization of the study area, which is typical for the growing conditions of the dry meadows located on the watersheds with atmospheric type of humidification only. Perennial herbaceous meadow-steppe and some ruderal species prevailed in the life form spectrum (77.0 %), which is characteristic of the meadow flora of the Kharkiv Region. Annual segetal weeds, introduced from neighboring fields, contribute significantly to the meadow flora (17.2 %), in particular, such adventive species as Ambrosia artemisifolia L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., and Cyclachaen axanthifolia (Nutt.) Fresen. The research of phytocenose productivity showed that the Poaceae proportion in the meadows with high productivity is usually about 35‒40 %. In the meadows with low productivity, it can exceed 50 % that is explained by the leading role of the family Poaceae in the formation of meadow phytocenoses under high xerophytization of the vegetation cover.

Productivity of the forage of perennial grasses and their mixtures on drained peatlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
V.H. Kurhak ◽  
M.I. Shtakal ◽  
V.M. Shtakal
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
High Productivity

There showed the productivity, chemical composition of feed and the timing of mowing of grass and variety mixes of permanent grasses on drained peat soils of Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The presence of early rip­ ened seeded grass provides a uniform supply use mowed mass from middle May until the end of September and the productivity of lands, which ranges from 10 to 14 t/ha of dry weight, metabolizable energy – 100.0 – 130.0 GJ and feed units 7-11 t/ha. Additional manuring of N90 on the background Р45К120 is effective at the start of second year of use. On the organization of hay conveyors of different ripening time herbages is possible to extend the optimal tim­ ing of mowing of green mass to 25-35 days. Best among the early-maturing grass crops are Dactylis glomerata va­ riety Kyivska rannia-1 with Alopecurus pratensis variety Sarnenskiy ranniy or its mixture with Bromus inermis and Festuca pratensis. With medium ripening – pure sowing eastern fescue of variety Lyudmila, Phalaris arundinacea variety Sarnenski-40, Bromus inermis variety Arsen and their compounds. High productivity of late-ripening herb­ age is provided by the inclusion in the composition of grass mixtures of Phleum pratense L. variety Vyshgorodska and Dactylis glomerata of variety Ukrainka, and Agrostis gigantea Roth variety Sarnenska piznia. It is also possible organization hay conveyors of different ripening varieties of Dactylis glomerata varieties Kyivska rannia, Muravka, Ukrainka.

scholarly journals Distribution of Iris pineticola Klokov in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
S. L. Zhygalova
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Steppe Species ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
The North ◽  
Data Book ◽  
Level I ◽  
The Right

According to our own observations, herbarium materials and literature data, the distribution of Iris pineti- cola Klokov — an endemic forest-steppe species included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine in the status of “vulnerable” was analyzed. Data on its taxonomic status are given, distribution map is made (geographical coordinates are restored on the basis of materials of the National Herbarium of Ukraine (KW), herbarium of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (CWU), as well as literature data), range and population data are analyzed. It is established that I. pineticola is distributed in the Right-Bank and Left-Bank Forest-Steppe, occasionally entering the north part of the steppe and the valley of the Siversky Donets. Grows in forests, artificial pine plantations on sandy terraces of rivers. According to own data and analyzed literature, I. pineticola populations are stable. In addition to inclusion in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, at the regional level I. pineticola is protected in Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine, also protected in the territories of NPP “Holy Mountains” and landscape reserve of national importance “Red Coast”.

scholarly journals Урожайність сортів сої залежно від елементів технології вирощування

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
М. Я. Шевніков ◽  
О. Г. Міленко ◽  
І. І. Лотиш
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Feeding Area

Подальше поширення сої  стримується недостатньо обґрунтованою зональною технологією її вирощування. Норма висіву впливала на величину врожайності сої більше, ніж спосіб сівби. Сорт Романтика максимальну врожайність мав за норми висіву 700 тис./га – 2,41 т/га. Занижені норми висіву сприяли зниженню врожайності насіння до 2,07 т/га за норми висіву 600 тис./га та до 1,82 т/га – за норми 500 тис./га. Збільшення норми висіву до 800 тис./га  було неефективним – 2,39 т/га. У скоростиглого сорту Устя найбільша врожайність була за норми висіву 700 тис./га – 2,48 т/га. Занижені норми висіву сприяли зниженню врожайності насіння до 2,11 т/га – за норми висіву 600 тис./га, до 1,99 т/га – за норми 500 тис./га. Збільшення норми висіву до 800 тис./га не сприяло підвищенню врожайності – 2,35 т/га. За зрідженого розміщення рослин характерне близьке до поверхні ґрунту закладання бобів, яке спричиняє значні втрати врожаю під час збирання.  In connection with the intensification of soybean production, there is a question arises of identifying the elements of cultivation technology, which should ensure its high productivity. Among them, the timing, methods and norms of sowing of different soybean varieties are decisive. Further spread of soya in conditions of unstable wetting of the Left-Bank part of Forest-Steppe is restrained by the lack of grounded zoning technology for its cultivation, especially in early sowing, where heat is a limiting factor and moisture is sufficient. The aim of the research was to determine the optimum soybean density by choosing the right seeding and seeding method to ensure optimal plant growth and development and high productivity. In determining the period of sowing, it was taken into account that the early term corresponds to the minimum soil temperature (8–10 ˚С), during which germination of soybean seeds is possible. The optimal time of sowing was determined when the soil was warmed to +12–14 ˚С. The late sowing period corresponded to an increase in the temperature of the soil to +16–18 ˚С. The results of the research showed that the level of soybean yields is largely determined by the change in the feeding area and the way in which they are placed in the crop. In this regard, the study of the influence of the size and shape of the feeding area on the competitive interconnections of plants in agrobiocenosis and the individual productivity of plants of soybean varieties is an important scientific problem. The sowing rate was greater than the sowing method, which affected the value of soybean yield. The sort Romantyka had a maximum yield of 700 thousand hectares per hectare – 2.41 tons/ha. The low seed rates contributed to a decrease in seed yield to 2.07 t/ha – under the seed rate of 600 thousand/ha and to 1.82 tons/ha – at the rate of 500 thousand/ha. The increase in the seed rate to 800 thousand/ha was ineffective – 2.39 tons/ha. In the fast-growing sort Ustia, the highest yield was 700 tones/ha – 2.48 tons/ha. The low seed rates contributed to a decrease in seed yield to 2,11 t/ha – under the seed rate of 600 thousand/ha, to 1.99 tons/ha – at the rate of 500 thousand/ha. Increasing the seed rate to 800 thousand/ha did not contribute to the increase in yield – 2,35 tons/ha. In congested crop, beans are formed in the upper part of plants, resulting in a low seed yield. The fluid distribution of plants is characteristic of the near-surface of the ground for laying beans, which causes significant harvest losses in harvesting.

scholarly journals Ефективність застосування водорозчинних добрив під основні сільськогосподарські культури за умов зміни клімату

2013 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Л. Д. Глущенко ◽  
Р. В. Олепір ◽  
О. І. Лень ◽  
В. М. Вакуленко ◽  
Б. Б. Котвіцький
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Quality Of Products

За останні роки на Полтавщині в погодних умовах суттєво змінилися температурний і водний ре-жими. Протягом веґетаційного періоду 2008–2012 років спостерігалося підвищення середньомісячної температури на 1,8 0С, що більше на 13,1 % від середньої багаторічної норми та зменшення кіль-кості опадів на 72,5 мм, або на 23,2 %. Важлива роль у підвищенні продуктивності сільськогоспо-дарських культур належить добривам. В умовах значного подорожчання енерґоносіїв та агрохімі-катів позакореневі підживлення комплексними водорозчинними добривами стають особливо ак-туальними. Застосування цього агрозаходу в умо-вах Лівобережного Лісостепу України за нестабі-льного зволоження дає можливість підвищити продуктивність пшениці озимої на 25,8 %, кукуру-дзи зернової на 12,7 %, буряків цукрових на 15,7 % і суттєво поліпшити якість продукції. Temperature and water regimes have changed over the past few years in Poltava in the weather conditions. So during the growing period of 2008–2012, an increase in the average temperature of 1.8 0C, an increase of 13.1% from the average long-term rates and a decrease in rainfall at 72.5 mm, or 23.2% was observed. The leading role in increasing the productivity of crops belongs to fertilizers. With the significant rise in price of energy and agrochemicals, foliar feeding by complex water-soluble fertilizers becomes particularly relevant. The use of this agro method in the left-bank forest-steppe zone of Ukraine with not persistent moisture makes it possible to increase the productivity of winter wheat by 25.8%, corn grain by 12.7%, sugar beet by 15.7%, and significantly improve the quality of products.

scholarly journals Effects of anthropogenic fragmentation on the biodiversity of plants in northern meadow steppes

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00008
Author(s):  
Sergey Bakka ◽  
Nadezhda Kiseleva ◽  
Anna Shestakova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Steppe Species ◽  
Steppe Communities ◽  
Group A ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

The paper is aimed to assess the effect of anthropogenic fragmentation on the biodiversity of plants in northern meadow steppes located in the southeast of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The plants were chosen as a model group. A quantitative analysis of the dependence of the number of species on the area of habitats was carried out according to the data collected at 158 sites of meadow steppes and steppe meadows with a total area of 10752 ha. For each of the meadow steppe and steppe meadows surveyed, the total area, proportion, and area covered with meadow steppe communities proper were determined, and a floristic list was compiled, in which species characteristic of meadow steppes were identified. Totally flora lists 361 species of plants, including 110 steppe species. It is shown that ecological interactions between separate fragments of meadow steppe in the south-east of Nizhny Novgorod region are broken; the remained fragments of meadow steppe are isolated. To conserve biological diversity in the forest-steppe zone, the special measures aimed at the ecological restoration of interactions between meadow steppe fragments is necessary.

DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF CORYNEPHORUS CANESCENS (L.) P. BEAUV. (POACEAE) IN THE LEFT BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Davydov D.A. ◽  
Davydova А.О.
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Corynephorus Canescens ◽  
The Status ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
Psammophytic Vegetation

The article summarizes data about the distribution of Corynephoruscanescens(L.) P.Beauv.in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. This species which is native for Europe and North Africa was firstly found on the research territory. Currently nine localities of this vascular plant species are known within Kyiv (seven locations) and Poltava (two locations) administrative regions. Based on the analysis of geobotanical relevés made by authors on psammophytic vegetation plots with the participation of Corynephoruscanescensit was found that studied sand areas within Kyiv region belong to the associationCorniculario aculeatae-Corynephoretum canescentis Steffen1931 from the classKoelerioglaucae-CorynephoreteacanescentisKlikainKlika& Novak1941 (allianceCorynephorioncanescentisKlika1931, orderCorynephoretaliacanescentisKlika1934); they have clear two-layered structure with the substantive complicity of moss and lichen species. On the other hand, similarpsammophytic communities within Poltava region have the simplified one-layered composition with the tenuous herb cover and the absence of moss and lichen layers; they are treated by authors as a separate community –comm. CorynephoruscanescenswithintheclassKoelerioglaucae-Corynephoreteacanescentis. Based on these ecological data,Corynephoruscanescensis considered as a species with dissimilar status in different parts of the research territory. Found localities of this species within Poltava region are to be treated as alien and associated with human activity,but in the southern part of Kyiv region,the autochthonous (or atleast simultaneously mixed indigenous and antropogenic) dispersal of its diaspors by anemochory is quite reliable. The phytosociological tables of geobotanical relevés made by authors in Kyiv and Poltava administrative regions in 2017–2020 are presented. The status of Corynephoruscanescens on other territories near the eastern border of the area of its distribution is discussed.Keywords: floristic finding, new species, psammophytic vegetation, the Forest-Steppezone. Стаття узагальнює дані щодо поширення у Лівобережному Лісостепу України нового для цієї території виду Corynephoruscanescens(L.) P. Beauv., природний ареал якого охоплює Європу та Північну Африку. Зараз вид відомий з девʼяти локалітетів, які адміністративно розташовані у межах Київської (сім) і Полтавської (два) областей. За результатами аналізу геоботанічних описів псамофітних угруповань з участю цього виду встановлено, що у Київській області ділянки, на яких був знайдений Corynephoruscanescens, можна розглядати як фітоценози асоціації Corniculario aculeatae-Corynephoretum canescentis Steffen1931 з класу Koelerioglaucae-CorynephoreteacanescentisKlikainKlika& Novak1941 (союз CorynephorioncanescentisKlika, порядок CorynephoretaliacanescentisKlika1934), вони відзначаються добре вираженою двохярусною структурою зі значною участю мохів і лишайників, тоді як у Полтавськійобласті аналогічні ценози мають спрощену одноярусну будову з дуже розрідженим травʼяним покривом і розглядаються як окреме угруповання comm. Corynephoruscanescensу межах класу Koelerioglaucae-Corynephoreteacanescentis. З огляду на це, локалітети виду на Полтавщині автори вважають такими, які мають антропогенне походження, тоді як на Київщині вони є природними або принаймні природно-антропогенними. Наведені фітоценотичні таблиці геоботанічних описів, виконаних авторами. Обговорюється статус Corynephoruscanescensв інших регіонах біля східної межі його ареалу.Ключові слова: флористична знахідка, новий вид, псамофітна рослинність, лісостепова зона.

Humus state of chernozem at different ways of tillage in the agrosystems of the left-bank forest steppe of Ukraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
V. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Humus Accumulation ◽  
By Products ◽  
The Way

The contemporary condition of soil cover in Ukraine is characterized. The attention is focused onto widespread degradation processes in soils. The causes that determine the development of these negative processes are considered. The contemporary informational support for the condition of soil cover in Ukraine is estimated. In general, the current available information is of narrow-departmental nature, obtained by different methods and non-correlated monitoring programs. As a rule, it is stored in under-structured databases, incompatible with other information systems; mainly recorded on paper media unusable with modern technologies, whereby such information resources are diffi cult to be compiled together. These disadvantages are strong constraints against consistent usage of materials for evaluation, forecast and management of changes in the soil cover. The Soil Observation program should thereby be combined with Agrochemical Passportization and ecology-ameliora- tive monitoring; in other words, the application of innovative soil-agrochemical methodology is considered. Each individual type of surveys shall complement the others, and taken altogether, they shall constitute a con- sistent Information System, capable of solving the problems of assessing the condition, forecasting, manage- ment, usage and protection of soil resources. The monitoring procedures should be conducted on the basis of a new soil concept in line with unifi ed programs and methods, so as to meet European approaches to the maxi- mum extent. Such a technical composition enables getting information on present-day processes in soils, and is the only combination that actually helps us to “ecologize” our knowledge of soils, which is the leading trend in the scope of global soil-science. Thus obtained results will serve as a State-owned tool which would subse- quently facilitate the use and protection of soil resources all over the country, to be involved in a united global soil-information scope. The attention is focused onto social signifi cance of the information on soils and their fertility in terms of land resources optimization, as well as the formation of sustainable land use in Ukraine. Aim. To demonstrate the long-term effect of different ways of tillage of typical low-humus chernozem on the change in humus content and composition and the direction of transformation processes of organic fertili- zers. To study the changes in the structure of energy reserves in group and fractional composition of humus in typical low-humus light-loamy chernozem of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, microbiological, computational, mathematical and statistical. Results. It was determined that in conditions of long-term subsurface tillage the most effi cient humus accumulation occurs in the 0–20 cm layer of chernozem with simultaneous increase in its content in the lower part of the processed layer without any accumulation differentiation. Surface tillage leads to expressed differentiation in humus accumulation in the 0–20 cm layer of soil (0.005 % per year). When 6 t/ha of humus are replaced by 7 t/ha of by-products the intensity of humus accumulation is decreasing regardless of the way of tillage, but humus accumulation was found to be the most effi cient for subsurface tillage. The application of subsurface tillage leads to the increase in the ratio of C HA : C FA , which is conditioned by the increase in the humifi cation of plant remains of by-products in the 0−20 cm layer of soil by 110–112 % – for subsurface tillage, and by 105 % – for surface tillage. Conclusions. It was established that systematic subsurface tillage of typical chernozem of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine leads to the structuring both of the total reserves of energy С org , and its quality content, aimed at the increase in the intensity of the processes of humifi cation and accumulation of organic carbon, and the decrease in miner- alization. The ratio of energy reserves С org of humic acids to fulvic acids in the 0−30 cm layer of chernozem is 1.85−1.87 regardless of the way of tillage, which testifi es to the repeatability of humus accumulation, but the total reserves of energy С org was higher for subsurface tillage (+ 31 Teracalorie/ha) compared to deep plough- ing. As for the surface tillage, the energy enrichment was at the level of deep ploughing.

Carabidae of Barnaul city parks: ecological characteristics and species composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
E. A. Kuchina ◽  
N. D. Ovcharenko ◽  
L. D. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Steppe Species

<p>Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.</p><p> </p>

Agrotechnical dusting of arable soils of Left-bank Forest-steppe and Steppe of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bulygin ◽  
S. Vitvits'kyj ◽  
D. Timchenko ◽  
V. Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Arable Soils

Effect of precursors, fertilizers and soil cultivation on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops in the zone of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
T.S. Vinnichuk ◽  
L.M. Parminskaya ◽  
N.M. Gavrilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Harmful Organisms

In the article the research the results of studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowing with three soil treatments - plowing (22-24 cm), shallow (10-12 cm) and zero (no - till) with various doses of fertilizers: N56 Р16 К16 , N110-130 Р90 К110 and N145-165 Р135 К150 , without fertilizers (control) for the two predecessors - soybean and rapeseed. The influence of these methods on the development and prevalence of powdery mildew, septoriosis of leaves, root rot of winter wheat, the most common pests in the area of research - cereal flies, wheat thrips and grain sawflies. The identified measures to limit the development and spread of harmful organisms above.

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