scholarly journals The return of the reader: contemporary philosophy of literature as a philosophy of reading

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
Umberto Eco ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
The Third ◽  
Philosophy Of Literature ◽  
Fourth Type ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Processing Information

The modern philosophy of literature in terms of reading practices, changing the modern way of reading to new types of reading is analyzed, as well as the interpenetration in the present of different types of reading. It has been found that various researchers have been engaged in reading practices and, accordingly, philosophy of reading. A separate direction in the study of reading as a certain way of open dialogue was created by M. Rubakin. This area was called «bibliopsychology», thus reading is considered as a way of anthropological interaction of man and text. The most diverse ideas common to the subject of our research are contained in the writings of Umberto Eco. Four models of modern reading have been identified and characterized. Reading in the first model becomes the best means of selecting and processing information, and the ultimate goal and motive of such reading is the awareness, literacy and ability of the social lift through reading. The second model involves following certain ready-made patterns, it generates and retransmits social myths. This model involves merging text with the reader through myth. In contrast to reading as an exchange of information in reading as a kind of fairy tale there are two components – trust in information and its recipe-effect character. Trust in this model produces a reflection effect. In such a model, the reader wants to find himself, and not others, his way when the essence of a living person is hidden behind the cover of any real book. In the third reading model, the reader joins another’s story or constructs the story independently. The Middle Ages were built on a model of reading aloud, making a dramatic effect on reading. Modern times, through print, novel, newspaper, general employment and time-saving, lose this dramatic element and gradually lose their narrative. Literature and texts become a means of thinking, not an experience. The type of aesthetic reading highlighted by Umberto Eco is analyzed separately. The third type of reading is designed for reading as a means of self-improvement. The fourth type of modern reading involves dialogue with many interlocutors. Reading this type preserves a component of pleasure and empathy, through these two factors, and is actually read as a meeting with a text-friend. It proves that this type of reading involves the basic mechanisms of imagination, fantasy and memory. The fourth type of reading involves the development of both logical and emotional intelligence, the ability to engage the imagination in a constructive activity. Reading is an example of successful communication that touches the deepest levels of the human being.

Ragam Bangunan Perundang-Undangan Hukum Keluarga di Negera-Negara Muslim Modern: Kajian Tipologis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Miftahul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Fourth Type ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
The Difference

The reality of the difference in applying Islamic law in the context of marriage law legislation in modern Muslim countries is undeniable. Tunisia and Turkey, for example, have practiced Islamic law of liberal nuance. Unlike the case with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates that still use the application of Islamic law as it is in their fiqh books. In between these two currents many countries are trying to apply the law in their own countries by trying to bridge the urgent new needs and local wisdom. This is widely embraced by modern Muslim countries in general. This paper reviews typologically the heterogeneousness of family law legislation of modern Muslim countries while responding to modernization issues. Typical buildings seen from modern family law reforms can be classified into four types. The first type is progressive, pluralistic and extradoctrinal reform, such as in Turkey and Tunisia. The second type is adaptive, unified and intradoctrinal reform, as in Indonesia, Malaysia, Morocco, Algeria and Pakistan. The third type is adaptive, unified and intradoctrinal reform, represented by Iraq. While the fourth type is progressive, unifiied and extradoctrinal reform, which can be represented by Somalia and Algeria.

Las estrategias discursivas de algunos artículos de opinión de Umberto Eco

2011 ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Loreta De Stasio
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Italian Society ◽  
Umberto Eco ◽  
Discursive Strategies ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Third ◽  
Binary Structure ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
The Future ◽  
Economic Character

En este artículo examinaremos algunas de las principales estrategias discursivas empleadas en dos artículos publicados por U. Eco en L’Espresso, una revista semanal muy conocida en Italia de carácter político, social, cultural y económico, en el marco de una página personal titulada “La Bustina di Minerva”, es decir, “El Sobrecito de Minerva”. El título es una referencia a la comunicación breve, a las observaciones de cualquier tipo, pero igualmente, de forma simultánea. Los sobrecitos reflexionan sobre el mundo contemporáneo, la sociedad italiana, los medios de comunicación de masas; tratan de la actualidad y la relacionan con la historia y la filosofía, con Internet y el futuro del Tercer Milenio, y nos proponen los pensamientos de U. Eco con más viveza que una conferencia o un tratado.La ironía, la sátira y la parodia son las bases argumentativas de muchos “Sobrecitos”. Generalmente, el humor transmite dos sentidos a la vez. Detrás de una serie de textos tan variados temáticamente aparece a menudo una misma estructura binaria, un cuerpo dual. Con frecuencia, un mismo artículo obedece a una doble orientación tematica, ya que suelen mezclar dos motivos que pertenecen a áreas diferentes, alternando simultáneamente dos sujetos. A esta doble orientación temática del “Sobrecito” corresponde la doble orientación semántica de la palabra irónica que, junto con la parodia es un discurso dialógico o bi-direccional en el que se mezclan dos voces.In this article some of the main discursive strategies used in two articles published by U. Eco are examined. These articles have been published in L'Espresso, a weekly review very widespread in Italy, of political, social, cultural and economic character, within the framework of a column titled “La Bustina di Minerva”, that is to say, “The little bag/envelope of Minerva”. This title refers to a brief communication, to observations of any type, but also, immediate. The “bustine” reflects on the contemporary world, the Italian society, the mass media; they deal with present time and relate it to history and philosophy, Internet and the future of the Third Millennium, and they propose us Eco’s thoughts with more vividness than a conference or an essay.Irony, satire and parody are the argumentative bases of many “bustine”. Generally, humour transmits two senses simultaneously. Behind a series of texts so thematically varied there is often a same binary structure, a dual body. Frequently, a same article obeys to a double thematic direction, since usually they mix two arguments that belong to different areas, alternating two subjects simultaneously. To this double thematic direction of the “bustina” corresponds the double semantic direction of the ironic word that, along with parody, is a dialogic or bidirectional speech in which two voices are mixed.

Ildar Garipzanov, Caroline Goodson, and Henry Maguire, ed., Graphic Signs of Identity, Faith, and Power in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Cursor Mundi, 27, Turnhout: Brepols, 2017, xviii, 392 p., 141 ill.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-379
Author(s):  
Kriszta Kotsis
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cursor Mundi ◽  
Definition Of

Late antique and early medieval graphic signs have traditionally been studied by narrowly focused specialists leading to the fragmentation and decontextualization of this important body of material. Therefore, the volume aims “to deepen interdisciplinary research on graphic signs” (7) of the third through tenth centuries, with contributions from archaeologists, historians, art historians, a philologist, and a paleographer. Ildar Garipzanov’s introduction defines the central terms (sign, symbol, graphicacy), calls for supplanting the text-image binary with “the concept of the visual-written continuum” (15), and argues that graphicacy was central to visual communication in this period. He emphasizes the agency of graphic signs and notes that their study can amplify our understanding of the definition of personal and group identity, the articulation of power, authority, and religious affiliation, and communication with the supernatural sphere.

Eva Parra-Membrives/Albrecht Classen (Hrsg. / Eds.): Literatur am Rand: Perspektiven der Trivialliteratur vom Mittelalter bis zum 21. Jahrhundert // Literature on the Margin: Perspectives on Trivial Literature from the Middle Ages to the 21st Century. Tübingen. Narr-Verlag, 2013.

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-296
Author(s):  
Peter Pabisch
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
The Middle Ages ◽  
Literature And Language

Abstract The three scholarly works of recent years illuminate the versatility of their main editor Albrecht Classen in the interdisciplinary world of comparative studies, in literature and language studies. Together with his colleague Eva Parra-Membrives he offers insights on trivial literature also in view of bestsellers concerning the first two works under discussion here. The third work on multilingualism in the middle ages he edited alone. For all the works he found an impressive number of contributors who fill the chalice of offerings in a most versatile canon of topics.

Age Differences in Peer Ratings of Socially Desirable and Socially Undesirable Behavior

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 783-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Minturn ◽  
Merrilee Lewis
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Adult Sample ◽  
The Third ◽  
Peer Nomination ◽  
Two Factors

Walder's peer nomination inventory was given to elementary school children and college students and the data analyzed for age differences. The first two factors are essentially the same as Walder's factors and are unaffected by Ss age. The third child factor is similar to Walder's third factor of socially undesirable non-aggressive traits but is better differentiated and more general, including several items measuring rebelliousness. Two additional factors appear in the adult sample, one defined by rebellion and rejection items and one by dominance items.

Last Year at Betty and Bob's: An Actual Occasion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sher Doruff
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
The Third ◽  
Writing Practice

Last Year at Betty and Bob’s: An Actual Occasion is the third in a series of three novellas emerging from a writing practice that taps the cusp of consciousness between dreaming and waking. An Actual Occasion revisits the viral transitioning of the becoming rat-woman from Last Year at Betty and Bob's: A Novelty (vol. 1 in the trilogy). The adventure focuses on the Gritta’s, a gang of artists on retreat in the Dolomite Mountains, as they engage with the idiosyncratic, keeper of the keys, Roberta. Her other-worldly Café Arcadia, a magical cathedral of voluminous aphorism, is an archival refuge and durational homage to Benjaminian storytelling. This futurist fairy-tale is tinged with a curious mix of 19th-century feminist idioms and a queer, post-pandemic sanguinity.

Aachen — the Second Rome: a City as a Symbol of Power in Poetic Carolingian Texts

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9 (107)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Maya Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
Narrative Poetry ◽  
The Third ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
The City

The paper deals the construction of Aachen as a symbol of the power of Charlemagne (742/4 — 814). It discusses the poetic Carolingian texts, which played an important role in the formation of the medieval ideology of the unity of the City and the power of its creator. It is shown that the most striking example of the statement of such a worldview is the third book (v. 1—536) of the anonymous epic poem (not fully preserved), known in the early Middle Ages under the title “Charlemagne and Pope Leo” (Karolus Magnus et Leo Papa). It is noted that this text, containing a description of the construction of the Second Rome — Aachen, influenced the subsequent Carolingian poetic tradition, serving as a turning point in the development of narrative poetry during the reign of Charlemagne.

Four Types of Reinforcement Processes in Humans

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Haruki ◽  
Hideko Ito ◽  
Yoshitaka Oue ◽  
Kaneo Nedate
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Student ◽  
Nonsense Syllable ◽  
Motivational Factor ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Type ◽  
Test Card ◽  
External Reinforcement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Female Graduate Student

The hypothesis tested was that the type of reinforcement (with regard to the administrator and the recipient) is responsible for differentiating the efficiency of learning in humans. The first type, termed external reinforcement, is one in which the experimenter controls and the subject receives the reinforcement. The second type is self-reinforcement, i.e., the subject controls and receives the reinforcement. The third type ( internal reinforcement) reverses the subject-experimenter relationship employed in the first type. The fourth type ( alien reinforcement) occurs when the experimenter replaces the subject's role played in the second type. In Exp. I, 30 male undergraduates learned to choose as correct a nonsense syllable among four such syllables on each test card. A male graduate student served as the experimenter. Results indicated that the subjects can learn the task under the conditions of the fourth type of reinforcement as well as the first type. The fourth type was superior in its effect on learning. In Exp. II, 19 male undergraduates learned to choose one of the four meaningful words, and a female graduate student served as experimenter. Neither the second nor the third type was effective. It was concluded that the type of reinforcement in which the experimenter is reinforced by himself seems most effective in facilitating learning, due probably to some motivational factor.

scholarly journals I višap armeni. Appunti per una storia della ricezione

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Gilibert
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
Political Messages ◽  
Complex Sequence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Third Millennium Bce ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unknown Point

Vishaps are large-scale prehistoric stelae decorated with animal reliefs, erected at secluded mountain locations of the South Caucasus. This paper focuses on the vishaps of modern Armenia and traces their history of re-use and manipulations, from the end of the third millennium BCE to the Middle Ages. Since their creation at an unknown point in time before 2100 BCE, vishaps functioned as symbolic anchors for the creation and transmission of religious and political messages: they were torn down, buried, re-worked, re-erected, transformed and used as a surface for graffiti. This complex sequence of re-contextualisations underscores the primacy of mountains as political arenas for the negotiation of religious and ritual meaning.

scholarly journals EXPLORING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF KAZAKHSTAN IN A SEMIOTIC WAY

Adam alemi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
R.T. Khassenova ◽  
◽  
M. S. Sarkulova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
National Program ◽  
Umberto Eco ◽  
Philosophy Of Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Spiritual Legacy ◽  
The Way

The article considers the project “Tugan Zher” (“Homeland”) of the Kazakhstani national program “Course towards the future: modernization of Kazakhstan’s identity” and the possibility to resort to the works and ideas of the well-known Italian philosopher and semiotician, recognized expert in Middle ages Umberto Eco while implementing the program, as in his numerous works the Italian scientist reflects much on the meaning of such notions like signification, reconstruction and memory. His philosophy of culture is the study of signs and languages and belief that understanding of the world requests understanding how we interpret it through the language and signs we use, constant mediation that stands in the way between us and the world. The poetics of openness, advocated much by Eco, is especially actual under the current realities. The present research proves the semiotic concept of U. Eco to be effective in exploring cultural landscapes, which being regarded as signs, carriers of some valuable information, add much to the spiritual legacy of the nation.

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