scholarly journals Intestinal oxygen exchange at condition of anemia

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Oxygen Exchange ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Normovolemic Anemia ◽  
Severe Degree

Relevance. Although disorders of oxygen delivery is one of the main factors in the development of intestinal dysfunction and bacterial translocation, the critical level of anemia and possibilities of it lowering remain unclear. Aim. Тo study changes of the system as well as the regional mesenterial oxygen exchange in conditions of normovolemic anemia of different severity. Material and methods. In experiment on 60 white rats under the general anaesthesia by ketamine 50 mg/kg stage-by-stage blood donation and it normovolemic replacement by hydroxyethyl starch were performed, gradually reducing haematocrit to 0,30, 0,25 and 0,20 l/l. Arterial, mixed venous, and mesenteric venous PO2, PCO2, and pH were measured. Systemic and intestinal oxygen transports and consumptions (DO2 and VO2) were calculated by standard equations. The content of lactic acid in the intestinal tissues is additionally determined to assess the degree of activity of local anaerobic metabolism. Results. At mild anemia reduction СаО2 by third of initial size essentially did not influence on system and regional DО2 to tissues. Compensation of oxygen deficiency at haematocrit 0,30 л/л was carried out by rising of a cardiac index due to reduction of viscosity of blood. At moderated anemia concentration hemoglobin and СаО2 decreased twice, changes in system DО2 to tissues led to reduction of Са-vО2 by 32,1 % (р < 0,05). Physiological adaptation was carried out through the increasing of О2ЕR by tissues and was effective. In experimental animals with severe degree of anemia (Hb 58,8 ± 2,4 g/l) СаО2 decreased in 2,5 times what led to occurrence of haemic hypoxia according to level of gases contents of blood. The concentration of lactic acid in intestinal tissues increased on 36.1 % (p = 0.05), deficiency of buffer bases till -8,2 ± 1,7 (p = 0.05). Conclusions. In case of severe anaemia, hypoxia of the intestinal tissues develops, which is accompanied by an increase in the local levels of lactic acid and deficiency of base buffers with the development of subcompensated metabolic acidosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anaemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchita V. Ingale ◽  
Milind P. Ullewar ◽  
Vikas C. Ingale ◽  
Jayshree J. Upadhye
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Normocytic Normochromic Anaemia ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
Mild Anaemia

Background: Often, the first test used to diagnose anemia is a complete blood count (CBC). It determines the number, size, volume, and hemoglobin content of red blood cells. Peripheral smear is done for typing of anaemia. Such evaluation is necessary for proper treatment.Methods: A retrospective study was done in 300 anaemic patients at Shakuntala pathology laboratory, Nagpur. Patients were randomly selected including males and females. CBC and peripheral smear were analyzed.Results: Out of total 300 patients evaluated, the prevalence of anaemia was quite significant in females 225 (75%) than males 75 (25%). 66 females (22%) had mild anemia while 129 females (43%) had moderate anemia and 30 females (10%) had severe anaemia 36 males (12%) had mild anaemia, 30 males (10%) had moderate anaemia while 9 males (3%) had severe anaemia. In morphology of red blood cells, normocytic normochromic anaemia was seen in 132 (44%) females and in 45 (15%) of males. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia was seen in 90 (30%) females and 27 (9%) males. Macrocytic anaemia was seen in 3 (1%) females and 3 (1%) males.Conclusions: Prevalence of anaemia is quite high in females than males. Also, the severity of anaemia is more in females than males. So, heath programmes should be directed more towards females since adolescent age.

Post-Mortem Diagnosis of Hypoxia by Means of Brain Lactic Acid Concentration

1958 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald D. Van Fossan ◽  
Robert T. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Postmortem Brain ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Altitude Exposure ◽  
Post Mortem Brain ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
The Brain

Simulated altitude exposure elevates the postmortem brain lactic acid concentration up to 98 mg/100 gm above controls depending on species used, duration, and intensity of exposure. The sharp difference in post-mortem brain lactic acid concentration between altitude exposed animals and controls remains demonstrable for the longest postmortem intervals studied (20 hr. in the dog, 30 hr. in the rabbit, and 6 hr. in the rat). Upon recovery from altitude exposure the brain lactic acid and/or precursors return toward pre-exposure levels in accordance with first order reaction kinetics during the first few minutes. The velocity constant is .32 and the half-life is 2.2 minutes. Elevated post-mortem brain lactic acid concentration is a constant finding in animals which were hypoxic at the time of death and appears to be a suitable criterion for establishing ante-mortem altitude exposure or other physiologically similar oxygen deficiency situations.

scholarly journals Pattern of utilization of blood and blood components in obstetrics at tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4671
Author(s):  
Vidyadhar Bangal Bangal ◽  
Satyajit P. Gavhane ◽  
Kunal H. Aher ◽  
Dhruval K. Bhavsar ◽  
Priyanka R. Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Obstetric Haemorrhage ◽  
Obstetric Emergencies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Health Institutions

Background: Obstetric emergencies occur suddenly and unexpectedly. Blood transfusion becomes one of the live saving measures in such situations. Severe anaemia due to nutritional deficiency, obstetric haemorrhage either during pregnancy, labour or in postpartum period are the commonest indications for blood transfusion worldwide. Blood bank services play important role in saving lives in obstetric emergencies. Health institutions must carry out internal blood transfusion audits to reassure optimal and judicious use of blood and blood components.Methods: Analysis of 755 Obstetric patients requiring blood transfusion in eighteen months period was done to find out the incidence and indications for blood transfusion at tertiary care hospital.Results: Overall, 5.33% of obstetric admissions required transfusion of blood or its components. Severe anaemia (36.55%), accidental haemorrhage (20.92%), postpartum haemorrhage (8.34%), placenta praevia (5.03%) and caesarean section (10.33%) were the common indications for blood transfusion. In more than 65% cases, two or three unit of blood were transfused. In majority of cases (96%) components were used.Conclusions: Blood transfusion helped to save many lives in the present study. Severe anaemia and obstetric haemorrhage of varied aetiology were the common indications for blood transfusion. Component therapy helped to correct specific deficiency. Voluntary blood donation should be encouraged in the younger generation to keep adequate stock of blood in blood bank for emergency use. Preventive measures like improving dietary iron intake and prophylactic iron therapy will go a long way in reducing the need for blood transfusion in Obstetrics.

scholarly journals Study of prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal checkup in a rural teaching hospital in Telangana, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shridevi .
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
Rural Teaching ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant women in developing countries and has both maternal and fetal consequences. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal checkup in a rural teaching hospital in Telangana.Methods: It is a hospital based cross-sectional observational study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Maheshwara Medical College and Hospital, Telangana for duration of two years from March 2016 to April 2018. A total of 600 cases were studied and screened. Prevalence of anemia was calculated. Anemia was classified morphologically based on peripheral smear findings and classified as microcytic hypochromic, macrocytic, dimorphic anemia, normocytic normochromic anemia and normocytic hypochromic anemia. Based on hemoglobin values anemia was classified into mild, moderate, and severe anemia.Results: Prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in rural Telangana was about 20%. Age-wise, majority (58.3%) of the patients were between 21 to 25 years. Gravida more than 2 were more 66.6% (400/600) when compared to lower parity. Among 600 cases, 140 pregnant women (23.3%) suffered with mild anemia, 340 cases (56.6%) with moderate anemia and 20% with severe anaemia. Morphologically, microcytic hypochromic type i.e., iron deficiency anaemia was the most common.Conclusions: Anemia in pregnancy in rural Telangana is quite high and was found to be 20% in routine antenatal outpatient cases. Multiple pregnancies and low level of education indirectly contribute to anemia of pregnancy. Education and awareness about anemia in pregnancy can lead to better fetal and maternal outcomes.

A study of profile of patients with different degrees of anemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4008
Author(s):  
Azad K. L. ◽  
Dwivedi S. K.
Keyword(s):  
Serum Iron ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
Severe Degree ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background: It has been estimated that 1.62 billion population of the world are suffering from anemia. Preschool children show a highest prevalence of 47.4%. Adult males show a lowest prevalence of 12.7% of anemia. Objective was to study the profile of patients with different degrees of anemia.Methods: Over a period of seven months, from January 2014 to July 2014, a cross sectional study was conducted at department of pathology, Lt. BRKM government medical college, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India. It was possible to study the 250 cases during the tenure of the study period for the present study.Results: It was found that only 3.2% of cases were not having anemia. Thus, the overall prevalence of anemia in the present study was found out to be 96.8%. 62.5% of males and 37.5% of females were having normal hemoglobin. It was found that with normal hemoglobin of more than 12 gm%, no case was having serum iron less than 10.6 µmol/l. All cases without anemia had normal serum iron. 30.3% of cases of anemia had normal serum iron levels. 75.6% of cases across all degrees of anemia were showing microcytosis. This was more in moderate anemia having hemoglobin of 6-9 gm% followed by 42.4% in cases having mild anemia of hemoglobin of 9-12 gm%. Only 13.5% with severe degree of anemia were showing the microcytosis. 24.4% of cases were showing the normocytosis whereas no case has shown the macrocytosis.Conclusions: Prevalence of anemia was more in females. Serum iron did not correspond with the degree of anemia. There is need to emphasize more on awareness about anemia and its prevention especially in mother and child age group.

scholarly journals Gambaran Kejadian Persalinan Disfungsional pada Pasien Anemia dalam Kehamilan di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Periode 2010–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mega Redha Putri ◽  
Joserizal Serudji ◽  
Efrida Efrida
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Labor Dystocia ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
Severe Degree ◽  
Dysfunctional Labor ◽  
In Pregnancy

AbstrakPersalinan disfungsional (distosia akibat kelainan tenaga) merupakan masalah persalinan dunia dan merupakan salah satu indikasi dilakukannya intervensi selama persalinan dengan tingkat kekerapan kejadian sebesar 4-40%. Persalinan disfungsional dapat disebabkan oleh anemia dalam kehamilan. Kekuatan kontraksi uterus atau his ibu hamil dengan anemia kurang dari normal, lemah dan dalam durasi yang pendek sehingga tidak cukup kuat untuk melahirkan janin dan ibu hamil akan cepat lelah, akibatnya persalinan dapat mengalami perlambatan atau terhenti. Semakin berat anemia, semakin berat manifestasi klinis yang muncul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian persalinan disfungsional pada pasien anemia dalam kehamilan berdasarkan derajat anemia di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan data retrospektif bagian rekam medik RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode 2010-2012. Data yang digunakan sebanyak 61 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan distribusi kejadian persalinan disfungsional paling tinggi pada anemia derajat ringan yaitu sebanyak 4 orang (8,7%), anemia derajat sedang sebanyak 1 orang (8,3%) dan anemia derajat berat 0%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa derajat anemia dalam kehamilan tidak mempengaruhi angka kejadian persalinan disfungsional.Kata kunci: anemia dalam kehamilan, persalinan disfungsional, distosia, ibu hamil AbstractDysfunctional labor (dystocia due to abnormal labor) is a worldwide labor problem and one of the indications for intervention during labor with prevalence rate 4-40%. Dysfunctional labor can be caused by anemia in pregnancy. The strength of uterine contractions or his in pregnant women with anemia is less than normal, weak and short in duration so it is not strong enough to bear the fetus and the pregnant women will get tired, causing a slow or stopped. The more severe anemia, the more severe clinical manifestations appear. The objective of this study was to know the incidence of dysfunctional labor in patients with anemia on pregnancy based on the degree of anemia in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang. This research was a descriptive study using retrospective data from medical record of Dr M. Djamil Hospital Padang on period 2010-2012. The samples used were 61 samples. The results showed the distribution of the high incidence of dysfunctional labor is mild anemia as many as 4 people (8.7%), on moderate anemia is 1 person (8.3%) and there is none on the severe degree (0%). The study shows that the degree of anemia in preganacy doesn’t affect the incidence of dysfunctional labor.Keywords: anemia in pregnancy, dysfunctional labor, dystocia, pregnant woman

scholarly journals The effect of the developed composition of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Carpathian cheese, on the body of laboratory animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (94) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
I. I. Kushnir ◽  
O. Y. Tsisaryk
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Positive Effect

Data on the study of the effect of a consortium of lactic acid bacteria on the morphological parameters of blood and the state of the intestinal microflora of white rats using a composition of probiotic strains of L. lactis, Lb. plantarum and E. durans SB18 in a ratio of 50:40:10. Thus, when determining the morphological parameters of the blood of rats at 14 days of use found a positive effect of probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria on the hematopoietic function of laboratory animals. In particular, a significant increase in hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte count, leukocyte count and hematocrit value was found by 14.9, 14.0, 22.5 % (P < 0.05) and 5.7 %, respectively, compared with the control group. In addition, the use of the drug for 14 days caused an increase in the average concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCНS) by 9.8 % (P < 0.05) and a tendency to decrease the average hemoglobin in the erythrocyte (MCН) and the average erythrocyte volume (MCV) by 0.45 and 9.0 %, respectively, compared with the control group. Both central and peripheral organs of the immune system were also significantly affected. In particular, the relative weights of the thymus and spleen increased by 21.1 (P < 0.05 ) and 9.8 % (P < 0.05), respectively. When determining the leukogram of peripheral blood of rats, it was found that the use of the study drug in animals of the experimental group caused a tendency to increase the number of neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes by 6.0, 0.5 and 19.8 %, respectively, with a slight decrease in eosinophils. The use of a composition of a consortium of lactic acid bacteria stimulated an increase in lacto- and bifidobacteria content of the large intestine of white rats. In particular, a significant increase in the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was found by 4.3 and 5.2 % (P < 0.001), respectively, relative to the animals of the control group. In addition, 14-day application of the studied composition of probiotic strains contributed to a probable reduction in the number of opportunistic and putrefactive microflora. The number of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and fungi of the genus Candida significantly decreased relative to control by 4.7 (P < 0.01), 2.6 (P < 0.05) and 13.3 % (P < 0.001), respectively, all this indicated the recovery of the body of laboratory animals. The positive effect of lactic acid bacteria of the formed composition persists until the 21st day of the experiment.

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