scholarly journals Cerebral hemispheres – cerebellum – kidney interaction in patients with acute cerebral ischemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
O.M. Kononets ◽  
O.V. Tkachenko ◽  
O.O. Kamenetska
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Vector Correlation ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System ◽  
Acute Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
The Right

The nervous system, in particular the autonomic one, is well known to constantly regulate the internal functioning of the body, adapting it to changeable external and internal environmental parameters. In particular, there is a close multiple-vector correlation between the nervous system and the kidneys. The aim of this study was to specify the mechanisms, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the concomitant lesions of the nervous system and the kidneys in patients with acute stroke. This paper presents the case report of 215 patients, aged 70 ± 8.44, who suffered from ischemic stroke. Among them, we examined 144 women and 71 men. The patients underwent a comprehensive examination, including a detailed clinical and neurological check-up (evaluating the patients’ condition severity with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Barthel index on admission and on the 21st day of the disease), laboratory analysis (electrolyte balance, nitrogen metabolism (on admission and on the 21st day of the disease) and instrumental examination (CT scan of the brain, the follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging). The statistical methods were used to analyze the data. In the 1st day of the disease, all the surveyed patients with right hemispheric carotid stroke and the overwhelming majority of the patients with left hemispheric carotid stroke and ischemic stroke in the vertebrobasilar system had cerebral renal syndrome, represented by renal concentration-filtration dysfunction, accompanied by the reduced glomerular filtration rate. A reliable relationship was found between the renal concentration and filtration function and the right hemispheric ischemic focus in patients with ischemic stroke, the characteristics are to be specified.

scholarly journals Temperature of representative areas of the breast department of the vegetative nervous system as the index of human organism functional state

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
S. Goncharevskyi ◽  
M. Makarchuk ◽  
V. Martynyuk
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

Almost all processes in the human body in one way or another connected with the autonomic nervous system. That's why it is real to evaluate the functional state of the person by temperature characteristics of representative points of the autonomic nervous system. Location and information of these points are confirmed by fundamental research. However, simply measuring the temperature at some points may not be sufficient to establish any systematic changes in the human body. The establishment of such changes requires systematic assessment of interdependent significant relationships between these parameters.The main aim of our research was to study effects of myocardial infarction in the thoracic region of the autonomic nervous system. The temperature of representative areas of the thoracic autonomic nervous system we measured by infrared thermometer (Medisana FTO D-53340 , with an accuracy of 0.1 degree Celsius). Statistical analysis was conducted in the packet Statistics 10. The presence of a difference in the temperature coefficients of representative areas (p<0,05). For the left side of the spine characterized by a difference in Th1–Th5 segments, which confirms their diagnosis: Th1 – 0,931,12 (control) and -0,797,49 (experiment), Th2 – 1,571,12 and -0,486,70, Th3 – 1,582611,12325 and -0,663,36, Th4 – 0,85913 0,92611 and -1,74,64, Th5 – 0,923480,75469 and-1,615,73 respectively. For the right side of the thoracic spines: Th6 – 0,850,73 (control) and -0,797,49 (experiment), Th7 – -1,000,79 and -1,370,69, Th8 – -0,960,73 and -0,990,68, Th9 – -0,120,64 and -0,380,83, Th10 – -0,921,14 and -1,031,00, Th11 – -1,691,05 and -1,861,06, Th12- -1,651,15 and -1,961,12 respectively. We found that myocardial infarction is manifested in the thoracic spine. In an experimental group there is significant difference of temperature in all segments. We can also notice asymmetry of temperatue between the right and left side of the spine. In the test group there are a deviation from the normal temperature in the first five thoracic segments on the left side, which confirms their diagnosis. On the right side of the spine there are a deviation in the last seven segments, which may indicate the compensatory mechanisms of regulation of the system. We can observe the temperature asymmetry, which in long-term exposure can negatively affect to the body.

INTRACAVERNOUS TRIGEMINAL GANGLION AMYLOIDOMA

Neurosurgery ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. E574-E574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus J. Bookland ◽  
Carlos A. Bagley ◽  
Jacob Schwarz ◽  
Peter C. Burger ◽  
Henry Brem
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglion ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gasserian Ganglion ◽  
Resected Tumor ◽  
Facial Numbness ◽  
The Right

Abstract OBJECTIVE Isolated amyloidomas rarely manifest in nervous system tissues. To the authors' knowledge, there have been 52 documented cases of primary amyloid tumors of the central nervous system and closely associated structures. The authors present a case of a woman with a history of presumptive trigeminal neuralgia who was found to have an amyloidoma of the trigeminal ganglion. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 32-year-old Caucasian patient presented with a chief complaint of severe numbness and pain throughout the right side of her face. Her symptoms had been progressive over the previous 3 years. Medical management of her presumptive diseases with Zoloft (Pfizer Inc., New York, NY) and Neurontin (Pfizer Inc.) failed to improve or halt her right facial numbness and pain. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was acquired, demonstrating abnormal contrast enhancement and enlargement of the right trigeminal ganglion. The lesion abutted and indented the right internal carotid artery and extended from Meckel's cave into the inferior cavernous sinus and distally to the foramen ovale. INTERVENTION The patient underwent a right frontotemporal craniotomy for resection of the gasserian ganglion lesion. A delicate incision was made in the wall of the cavernous sinus, allowing confirmatory biopsy of the lesion. With the site of the tumor within the cavernous sinus verified by pathology, the remainder of the tumor was removed. A final pathological review of the resected tumor confirmed a diagnosis of amyloidoma of the trigeminal ganglion. CONCLUSION We present the case of a patient with a rare trigeminal ganglion amyloidoma that closely mimicked idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Even in the absence of systemic signs of amyloidosis, this benign protein deposition disease should be considered in the differential for atypical dysesthesias of the trigeminal dermatomes. Furthermore, central and peripheral nervous system amyloidomas respond well to surgical resection and rarely recur.

scholarly journals Case Report: Brain Metastasis Confined to the Infarcted Area Following Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Seok Gwak ◽  
Yang-Ha Hwang ◽  
Yong-Won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Nasolabial Fold ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values ◽  
Index Stroke ◽  
The Right

Background: Ischemic stroke and cancer are frequent in the elderly and are the two common causes of death and disability. They are related to each other, and cancer may lead to ischemic stroke and vice versa. If patients with cancer exhibited recurrent acute neurological deficits after index stroke, a cancer-related stroke could be considered. However, a brain metastasis is another common cause of neurological complications and has a poor prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke and comorbid cancer. Here, we report a rare case of metastatic cancer that occurred after index stroke in a patient with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and unusual imaging findings. Through the case, we discuss the pathophysiology and probable predisposing factors for metastatic disease in areas of infarction.Case Presentation: A 48-year-old man presented with sudden onset of left facial palsy and hemiparesis. He had a history of hypertension and RCC with pulmonary metastases treated with radical nephrectomy and chemotherapy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple scattered acute infarctions in the right insular, frontal, parietal, and left occipital cortices. There were no definite sources of embolism. Eight months after the index stroke, he presented with subacute onset of progressive left hemiparesis. He had no focal neurological deficits except left-sided weakness and left nasolabial fold blunting. MRI scan demonstrated partial diffusion restriction on the right frontotemporal cortices without decline of apparent diffusion coefficient values on the corresponding lesions and T1 hypointensities and T2 hyperintensities with perilesional vasogenic edema on the right insular, frontal, parietal, and left occipital cortices, indicative of brain metastases confined to the area of previous infarctions.Conclusions: Cerebral infarctions can cause neovascularization and disruption of the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, the compartmentalized cavity formed by the ischemic injury may accept a large volume of metastatic tumor cells. Such an altered microenvironment of infarcted tissue would be suitable for the colonization and proliferation of metastatic seed. Further, brain metastases should be considered, in addition to recurrence, when new focal neurological deficits develop in patients with ischemic stroke and comorbid cancer.

scholarly journals Case Report: Corpus callosal apraxia following acute ischemic stroke

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Santhosh Narayanan ◽  
Gomathy Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Ischemic Infarct ◽  
The Right

The corpus callosum is a compact structure that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres. Here we report the case of a 50 year old woman who presented with features of corpus callosum apraxia, initially mistaken as psychiatric symptom by her relatives. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance of brain confirmed the diagnosis of acute ischemic infarct in the body of the corpus callosum. Isolated stroke involving the corpus callosum is rarely reported in literature and is a diagnostic challenge due to atypical clinical features.

scholarly journals Could the Gut Microbiota Serve as a Therapeutic Target in Ischemic Stroke?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Jiyao Zhang ◽  
Qiang Tang ◽  
Luwen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Acute Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

The brain-gut axis is a relatively recent discovery of a two-way regulation system between the gut and brain, suggesting that the gut microbiota may be a promising targeted prevention and treatment strategy for patients with a high risk of acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. There are many risk factors for ischemic stroke, and many studies have shown that the gut microbiota affects the absorption and metabolism of the body, as well as the risk factors of stroke, such as blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, and atherosclerosis, either directly or indirectly. Furthermore, the gut microbiota can affect the occurrence and prognosis of ischemic stroke by regulating risk factors or immune responses. Therefore, this study aimed to collect evidence of the interaction between gut microbiota and ischemic stroke, summarize the interaction mechanism between the two, and explore the gut microbiota as a new targeted prevention and treatment strategy for patients with high ischemic risk.

Memoirs: Spolia Bermudiana

1939 ◽  
Vol s2-81 (323) ◽  
pp. 321-345
Author(s):  
WALTER GARSTANG
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Tube ◽  
Larval Nervous System ◽  
Outer Pair ◽  
New Type ◽  
Feeding Process ◽  
The Right

1. Several stages of a new type of Auricularia (A. bermudensis n.sp.) are described. When fully formed it resembles A. nudibranchiata in the foliation of its ciliated bands and appendages, but is distinguishable by many structural features and in becoming full-grown at less than half the size (&lt;4 mm.). 2. The usual arms are present, adnate to the body, as well as a special ‘strap-shaped process’ with directive functions. They support a system of gutters plainly subservient to food-collection. The terms ‘field’ and ‘sulcus’ (with the diminutive ‘sulculus’) are proposed for the raised and depressed areas of Dipleurulae in general. 3. The so-called ‘larval nervous system’ is claimed to be simply a pair of ciliary organs subservient to the feeding process and comparable to an outer pair of adoral bands (‘oro-lateral bands’). 4. The rectum is in line with the stomach and the anus subterminal, but the ileum is reduced to a dorsal pore, and the part of the rectum adherent to the stomach is a large ventral pouch comparable to that described in A. nudibranchiata by Chun, whose account is confirmed. 5. The author has re-examined the original specimens of A. antarctica and denies the existence of the paired ‘intestinal pouches’ described in this species and in A. nudibranchiata by MacBride. 6. The anterior enterocoel in the younger specimens is unique in possessing two long, tapering, bilaterally symmetrical ‘horns’, functionally dilated. Hydrocoel and water-tube arise from the left horn. Eventually the right horn undergoes self-amputation and is absorbed. At full growth the persistent left horn, still of unusual length, acquires antler-like points and branches, as in A. nudibranchiata. 7. The significance of the new features is discussed in comparison with Tornaria and Planktosphaera.

The nervous system and ciliary band of Müller’s larva

1982 ◽  
Vol 217 (1206) ◽  
pp. 37-58 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Ciliary Band ◽  
Electron Microscopical Level ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Right

The newly hatched Müller’s larva of the polyclad Pseudoceros canadensis is described at the electron microscopical level with attention to the arrangement and innervation of the ciliary band and the organization of the larval nervous system. Distinctive ultrastructural features allow the trochal cells of the band to be distinguished from general epithelium of the body surface and the specialized oral field epithelium. The band comprises a ventral and a dorsal marginal loop that run along the margins of the six projecting lobes of the larva, and a suboral plate that forms a bridge between these behind the mouth. These three components are joined asymmetrically to form a single, but discontinuous, band: on the left the ventral loop and suboral plate are joined, but these fail to connect with the dorsal loop; on the right it is the ventral and dorsal loops that join, but there is no connection between these and the suboral plate. A system of intraepithelial nerves is associated with the ciliary band, the largest nerves being those in the ventrolateral lobes and the intraepithelial commissure that connects these across the oral field. The system is truly peripheral: it lies outside the basement membrane and is separated by it from the central nervous system, which at this stage comprises a brain and four radiating nerve cords. The peripheral and central nervous systems are in direct contact only at two points, located just behind the ventrolateral lobes on either side of the larva, where a few neurites pass through the basement membrane from one system to the other. The neurites of the peripheral system arise mainly from bipolar sensory cells located in the ciliary band. These are concentrated along the ventrolateral lobes, and their projecting cilia face incoming water currents. Observations on larval swimming behaviour do not, however, suggest any obvious function for these cells. The ciliary band is thus organized as a self-contained unit supplying its own innervation. Other primitive invertebrate larvae have ciliary bands that are similar to some extent in their organization and ultra­structure. This, added to what is already known about Müller’s larva, supports the idea that it is primitive and is closely related to at least several other larval types, but it is not clear how the overall arrangement of the band in Müller’s larva as described here relates to what is seen in other larvae. Several ways in which the pattern might have originated from simpler patterns in hypothetical ancestral forms are, however, discussed.

scholarly journals Endovascular Recanalization by Mechanical Thrombectomy in Tandem Extracranial and Intracranial Occlusive Lesion in Acute Ischemic Stroke is Still a Therapeutic Challenge: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
Sirajee Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Kazi Mohibur Rahman ◽  
Sharif Uddin Khan ◽  
Dewan Md Elyas ◽  
Khairul Kabir Patwary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Endovascular Recanalization ◽  
Occlusive Lesion ◽  
The Right

A 55-year-old male presented with complete left-sided weakness of the body with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 15 and Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography (ASPECT) score 8 and occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the M1 segment on Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) was not performed as symptoms developed at sleep. Mechanical Thrombectomy was performed after 4.5 hours of the symptom onset with recanalization of Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI classification 2b). Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(1): 90-94

Neuron-glia relationship during the early postembryonic development of the nervous system in some oligochaetes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
Wiktor Djaczenko ◽  
Carmen Calenda Cimmino
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

The simplicity of the developing nervous system of oligochaetes makes of it an excellent model for the study of the relationships between glia and neurons. In the present communication we describe the relationships between glia and neurons in the early periods of post-embryonic development in some species of oligochaetes.Tubifex tubifex (Mull. ) and Octolasium complanatum (Dugès) specimens starting from 0. 3 mm of body length were collected from laboratory cultures divided into three groups each group fixed separately by one of the following methods: (a) 4% glutaraldehyde and 1% acrolein fixation followed by osmium tetroxide, (b) TAPO technique, (c) ruthenium red method.Our observations concern the early period of the postembryonic development of the nervous system in oligochaetes. During this period neurons occupy fixed positions in the body the only observable change being the increase in volume of their perikaryons. Perikaryons of glial cells were located at some distance from neurons. Long cytoplasmic processes of glial cells tended to approach the neurons. The superimposed contours of glial cell processes designed from electron micrographs, taken at the same magnification, typical for five successive growth stages of the nervous system of Octolasium complanatum are shown in Fig. 1. Neuron is designed symbolically to facilitate the understanding of the kinetics of the growth process.

Effect of age on outcome in patients with cerebral stroke

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
G. R. Kuchava ◽  
E. V. Eliseev ◽  
B. V. Silaev ◽  
D. A. Doroshenko ◽  
Yu. N. Fedulaev
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Risk Of Death

The aim of the study was to assess the course and outcome of cerebral infarction, depending on the age factor and duration of stay in the neuroblock. Materials and methods: a dynamic observation of 494 patients, men and women, aged 38–84 years with acute ischemic stroke of hemispheric localization, which were divided into the three groups depending on age, was performed. Group 1 – younger than 60 years old, group 2–60–70 years old, group 3 – older than 60 years. All patients underwent standard therapy, according to the recommendations for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The patients underwent comprehensive clinical and instrumental monitoring, which included assessment of somatic and neurological status according to the NIH‑NINDS scales at 1st, 3rd, 10th days and at discharge or death; assessment of the level of social adaptation according to the Bartel scale on 1st, 3rd, 10th days and at discharge, clinical and biochemical blood tests, computed tomography of the brain. Assessment of the quality of therapy was carried out according to specially developed maps using methods of statistical correlation analysis. Results: the most pronounced positive dynamics of neurological status was in the 1st group of patients. The regression of neurological deficit in the 2nd group was worse. The minimal dynamics of neurological deficit was in the 3rd group of patients with cerebral stroke. Most often, the death of patients with cerebral stroke occurred from the development of multiple organ disorders. Conclusions: patients over 70 years of age have the greatest risk of death, due to: a decrease in the reactivity of the body, the presence of initially severe concomitant somatic pathology in patients with admission to hospital; accession of secondary somatic and purulent‑septic complications.

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