Memoirs: Spolia Bermudiana

1939 ◽  
Vol s2-81 (323) ◽  
pp. 321-345
Author(s):  
WALTER GARSTANG
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Tube ◽  
Larval Nervous System ◽  
Outer Pair ◽  
New Type ◽  
Feeding Process ◽  
The Right

1. Several stages of a new type of Auricularia (A. bermudensis n.sp.) are described. When fully formed it resembles A. nudibranchiata in the foliation of its ciliated bands and appendages, but is distinguishable by many structural features and in becoming full-grown at less than half the size (<4 mm.). 2. The usual arms are present, adnate to the body, as well as a special ‘strap-shaped process’ with directive functions. They support a system of gutters plainly subservient to food-collection. The terms ‘field’ and ‘sulcus’ (with the diminutive ‘sulculus’) are proposed for the raised and depressed areas of Dipleurulae in general. 3. The so-called ‘larval nervous system’ is claimed to be simply a pair of ciliary organs subservient to the feeding process and comparable to an outer pair of adoral bands (‘oro-lateral bands’). 4. The rectum is in line with the stomach and the anus subterminal, but the ileum is reduced to a dorsal pore, and the part of the rectum adherent to the stomach is a large ventral pouch comparable to that described in A. nudibranchiata by Chun, whose account is confirmed. 5. The author has re-examined the original specimens of A. antarctica and denies the existence of the paired ‘intestinal pouches’ described in this species and in A. nudibranchiata by MacBride. 6. The anterior enterocoel in the younger specimens is unique in possessing two long, tapering, bilaterally symmetrical ‘horns’, functionally dilated. Hydrocoel and water-tube arise from the left horn. Eventually the right horn undergoes self-amputation and is absorbed. At full growth the persistent left horn, still of unusual length, acquires antler-like points and branches, as in A. nudibranchiata. 7. The significance of the new features is discussed in comparison with Tornaria and Planktosphaera.

scholarly journals Cerebral hemispheres – cerebellum – kidney interaction in patients with acute cerebral ischemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-98
Author(s):  
O.M. Kononets ◽  
O.V. Tkachenko ◽  
O.O. Kamenetska
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Vector Correlation ◽  
Vertebrobasilar System ◽  
Acute Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
The Right

The nervous system, in particular the autonomic one, is well known to constantly regulate the internal functioning of the body, adapting it to changeable external and internal environmental parameters. In particular, there is a close multiple-vector correlation between the nervous system and the kidneys. The aim of this study was to specify the mechanisms, clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the concomitant lesions of the nervous system and the kidneys in patients with acute stroke. This paper presents the case report of 215 patients, aged 70 ± 8.44, who suffered from ischemic stroke. Among them, we examined 144 women and 71 men. The patients underwent a comprehensive examination, including a detailed clinical and neurological check-up (evaluating the patients’ condition severity with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Barthel index on admission and on the 21st day of the disease), laboratory analysis (electrolyte balance, nitrogen metabolism (on admission and on the 21st day of the disease) and instrumental examination (CT scan of the brain, the follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging). The statistical methods were used to analyze the data. In the 1st day of the disease, all the surveyed patients with right hemispheric carotid stroke and the overwhelming majority of the patients with left hemispheric carotid stroke and ischemic stroke in the vertebrobasilar system had cerebral renal syndrome, represented by renal concentration-filtration dysfunction, accompanied by the reduced glomerular filtration rate. A reliable relationship was found between the renal concentration and filtration function and the right hemispheric ischemic focus in patients with ischemic stroke, the characteristics are to be specified.

scholarly journals Temperature of representative areas of the breast department of the vegetative nervous system as the index of human organism functional state

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
S. Goncharevskyi ◽  
M. Makarchuk ◽  
V. Martynyuk
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

Almost all processes in the human body in one way or another connected with the autonomic nervous system. That's why it is real to evaluate the functional state of the person by temperature characteristics of representative points of the autonomic nervous system. Location and information of these points are confirmed by fundamental research. However, simply measuring the temperature at some points may not be sufficient to establish any systematic changes in the human body. The establishment of such changes requires systematic assessment of interdependent significant relationships between these parameters.The main aim of our research was to study effects of myocardial infarction in the thoracic region of the autonomic nervous system. The temperature of representative areas of the thoracic autonomic nervous system we measured by infrared thermometer (Medisana FTO D-53340 , with an accuracy of 0.1 degree Celsius). Statistical analysis was conducted in the packet Statistics 10. The presence of a difference in the temperature coefficients of representative areas (p<0,05). For the left side of the spine characterized by a difference in Th1–Th5 segments, which confirms their diagnosis: Th1 – 0,931,12 (control) and -0,797,49 (experiment), Th2 – 1,571,12 and -0,486,70, Th3 – 1,582611,12325 and -0,663,36, Th4 – 0,85913 0,92611 and -1,74,64, Th5 – 0,923480,75469 and-1,615,73 respectively. For the right side of the thoracic spines: Th6 – 0,850,73 (control) and -0,797,49 (experiment), Th7 – -1,000,79 and -1,370,69, Th8 – -0,960,73 and -0,990,68, Th9 – -0,120,64 and -0,380,83, Th10 – -0,921,14 and -1,031,00, Th11 – -1,691,05 and -1,861,06, Th12- -1,651,15 and -1,961,12 respectively. We found that myocardial infarction is manifested in the thoracic spine. In an experimental group there is significant difference of temperature in all segments. We can also notice asymmetry of temperatue between the right and left side of the spine. In the test group there are a deviation from the normal temperature in the first five thoracic segments on the left side, which confirms their diagnosis. On the right side of the spine there are a deviation in the last seven segments, which may indicate the compensatory mechanisms of regulation of the system. We can observe the temperature asymmetry, which in long-term exposure can negatively affect to the body.

scholarly journals Thyroid and Adrenal Peptides in Thyroid Therapy

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Type

Today, doctors are faced with a new type of pathology - premature (or accelerated) aging. The symptoms are the same everywhere - exhaustion and slow destruction of vital systems of the body: the immune system, endocrine system, nervous system, cardiovascular system, reproductive system, visual system.

The nervous system and ciliary band of Müller’s larva

1982 ◽  
Vol 217 (1206) ◽  
pp. 37-58 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Ciliary Band ◽  
Electron Microscopical Level ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Right

The newly hatched Müller’s larva of the polyclad Pseudoceros canadensis is described at the electron microscopical level with attention to the arrangement and innervation of the ciliary band and the organization of the larval nervous system. Distinctive ultrastructural features allow the trochal cells of the band to be distinguished from general epithelium of the body surface and the specialized oral field epithelium. The band comprises a ventral and a dorsal marginal loop that run along the margins of the six projecting lobes of the larva, and a suboral plate that forms a bridge between these behind the mouth. These three components are joined asymmetrically to form a single, but discontinuous, band: on the left the ventral loop and suboral plate are joined, but these fail to connect with the dorsal loop; on the right it is the ventral and dorsal loops that join, but there is no connection between these and the suboral plate. A system of intraepithelial nerves is associated with the ciliary band, the largest nerves being those in the ventrolateral lobes and the intraepithelial commissure that connects these across the oral field. The system is truly peripheral: it lies outside the basement membrane and is separated by it from the central nervous system, which at this stage comprises a brain and four radiating nerve cords. The peripheral and central nervous systems are in direct contact only at two points, located just behind the ventrolateral lobes on either side of the larva, where a few neurites pass through the basement membrane from one system to the other. The neurites of the peripheral system arise mainly from bipolar sensory cells located in the ciliary band. These are concentrated along the ventrolateral lobes, and their projecting cilia face incoming water currents. Observations on larval swimming behaviour do not, however, suggest any obvious function for these cells. The ciliary band is thus organized as a self-contained unit supplying its own innervation. Other primitive invertebrate larvae have ciliary bands that are similar to some extent in their organization and ultra­structure. This, added to what is already known about Müller’s larva, supports the idea that it is primitive and is closely related to at least several other larval types, but it is not clear how the overall arrangement of the band in Müller’s larva as described here relates to what is seen in other larvae. Several ways in which the pattern might have originated from simpler patterns in hypothetical ancestral forms are, however, discussed.

Neuron-glia relationship during the early postembryonic development of the nervous system in some oligochaetes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-601
Author(s):  
Wiktor Djaczenko ◽  
Carmen Calenda Cimmino
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Postembryonic Development ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

The simplicity of the developing nervous system of oligochaetes makes of it an excellent model for the study of the relationships between glia and neurons. In the present communication we describe the relationships between glia and neurons in the early periods of post-embryonic development in some species of oligochaetes.Tubifex tubifex (Mull. ) and Octolasium complanatum (Dugès) specimens starting from 0. 3 mm of body length were collected from laboratory cultures divided into three groups each group fixed separately by one of the following methods: (a) 4% glutaraldehyde and 1% acrolein fixation followed by osmium tetroxide, (b) TAPO technique, (c) ruthenium red method.Our observations concern the early period of the postembryonic development of the nervous system in oligochaetes. During this period neurons occupy fixed positions in the body the only observable change being the increase in volume of their perikaryons. Perikaryons of glial cells were located at some distance from neurons. Long cytoplasmic processes of glial cells tended to approach the neurons. The superimposed contours of glial cell processes designed from electron micrographs, taken at the same magnification, typical for five successive growth stages of the nervous system of Octolasium complanatum are shown in Fig. 1. Neuron is designed symbolically to facilitate the understanding of the kinetics of the growth process.

Our Bodies, Whose Property?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.

ANALISIS YURIDIS NORMATIF PUTUSAN PERKARA MAHKAMAH AGUNG KONSTITUSI RI No. 004/PUU-II/2004

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Doni Budiono
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Supreme Courts ◽  
Military Justice ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Rules ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tax Court

The  authority  of justice in Indonesia  is executed by  the Supreme Courts and  the  justice  boards/body under the Supreme Courts, including  the general  justice, religious affairs justice, military justice,  state administration  justice,  and  the Constitution Court. According to  certainty in  the Act of  Tax Court, Article1, clause  (5),  tax  dispute   refers to the legal dispute arising in the  taxation  affairs between the  tax payer or the  body  responsible for the  tax with   the government   executives  ( Directorate General of Tax) as the consequence of   the issue of  the decree for the  appeal  to the Tax  Court in accordance with the  tax Act, including the  charge  against the  execution of collection   in accordance with the  Act of Tax Collection by force. The  formation of Tax Court is  designed by  the Executives, in this case, the  Department of Finance, specifically  the Directorate   General  of Tax  which has the right to issue  law  more technical about  tax accord to Article 14,  letter A,  President Decree  no. 44  year 1974,  concerning the  basic  organization of the Department.  Based on  it,  it  is clear that  in addition to execute the government  rules and policy,  this body  has to execute judicial   rules and policy. This is against the  principles of  Judicative  Power/Authority in Indonesia,  which   clearly states that this body  should be under the Supreme Court.   Therefore. It is suggested that   the Act  No UU no.14 Year 2012 concerning  Tax Court   be revised  in accordance with the system of  Power Division  of Justice  as  stated in 45 Constitutions.

Ayurveda dietary guidelines during Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1477-1481
Author(s):  
Ishwari Gaikwad ◽  
Priyanka Shelotkar
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Regimen ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The current world situation is both frightening and alarming due to the massive disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The next few days are censorious as we need to be very precautious in our daily regimen as well as dietary habits. Ayurveda offers knowledge about food based on certain reasoning. Indecent food custom is the chief cause for the rising development of health disorders in the current era. In classical texts of Ayurveda, the concept of diet explained well, ranging from their natural sources, properties and specific utility in pathological as well as physiological manner. In this work, the review of the relevant literature of Ahara (Diet) was carried out from Charak Samhita and other texts, newspapers, articles, web page related to the same.  Every human being is unique with respect to his Prakriti (Physical and mental temperament), Agni (Digestive capacity), Koshtha  (Nature of bowel) etc. For that reason, the specificity of the individual should be kept in mind. Ahara, when consumed in the appropriate amount at the right moment following all Niyamas (Guidelines) given in Ayurveda texts, gives immunity and keeps the body in a healthy state during pandemics such as Covid-19. Ultimately, this will help the human body to maintain its strength for life. This article reviews the concept of diet viz. combination of foods, their quantity and quality, methods of preparation and processing, which are to be followed during pandemics and are essential in maintenance and endorsement of health and preclusion of diseases.

Immunity boosting diet during Covid 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 832-838
Author(s):  
Roshna Sukheoji Bhutada ◽  
Renu Rathi ◽  
Devyani Dasar
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
The Right ◽  
Daily Physical Activities ◽  
Physiological Reactions

WHO declared Covid 19 /SARS -COV-2 as a global pandemic.Till date, there is no medicine for COVID-19. If the Infection arises in the body then the defence mechanism activated against infection. A recent study suggests that temporarily augmenting the body's immune system in the early stages of COVID-19 can help patient to avoid severe symptoms as it is rightly said prevention is better than cure. Ayurveda approaches to develop physiological reactions to facilitate immunity. Planning of diet is most important to boost immunity.As per many researches to provide supplementary food which contains Zinc, Vitamin C,Vitamin D and immunity boosting foodsuch as citrus natural products, custard apple, apple, papaya is among the Fruits. Vegetables include broccoli, onion, garlic and green leafy vegetables. Nuts, ginger, turmeric, pepper, egg yolk, shellfish, mushroom. The need of the hour is a quick boost to immune system to keep it fit, fighting. One should get the right amount of nutrients from the diet, supplementation regimen to boost immune system.In this review, there are few common supplements and super food studies have been included. It might be a torch bearer as sample menu and their alternatives are given for a normal adult. Needy may change contemplated according to age, sex, body mass index and daily physical activities.

Characteristics of the dynamics of the central nervous system and att ention function in workers of shoe production

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
F. L. Azizova ◽  
U. A. Boltaboev
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Women Workers ◽  
Functional State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conflict Of Interests ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Universal Device ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Working Day

The features of production factors established at the main workplaces of shoe production are considered. The materials on the results of the study of the functional state of the central nervous system of women workers of shoe production in the dynamics of the working day are presented. The level of functional state of the central nervous system was determined by the speed of visual and auditory-motor reactions, installed using the universal device chronoreflexometer. It was revealed that in the body of workers of shoe production there is an early development of inhibitory processes in the central nervous system, which is expressed in an increase in the number of errors when performing tasks on proofreading tables. It was found that the most pronounced shift s in auditory-motor responses were observed in professional groups, where higher levels of noise were registered in the workplace. The correlation analysis showed a close direct relationship between the growth of mistakes made in the market and the decrease in production. An increase in the time spent on the task indicates the occurrence and growth of production fatigue.Funding. The study had no funding.Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

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