IRAN’S POSITION IN THE WORLD IN TERMS OF REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Mehdi Afzali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

The article discusses the concepts of refugees and asylum seekers in Iran, in this study the key statistics and studies of forced migration, are considered and in this concept the definition and statistics of number of Iranian refugees and asylum seekers is developing a form to understand the scale, reasons, and the direction of forced migration mobility from Iran since it has been one of the main destination and origin countries of forced migration. As the number of refugees and asylum seekers continues to grow, concerns are growing about the formation and the type of Iranian diasporas who are living in the other countries that will impact on certain socio-political structure of the country, especially those had left the country after the 1979 Islamic revolution and Iran-Iraq war from 1980-1988. Although so far we know that, the reasons of forced migration is depended on many social factors, whether and how this type of migration consequences will affect the internal socio-political situation of Iran is still unclear and is hardly possible due to data quality, lack of data and timing issues, however, in long run as a result of forced migration and increase in the number of refugees and asylum seekers will have a negative impact on the refugees’ perception towards their country and the current regime. Moreover, forced migration has emerged in the world tightly related to social problems, Findings in this study show that, this type of migration has increased in Iran after controversial presidential election and the “green movement” protest in 2009 which stimulated forced migration from Iran to European countries, and it has formed a very political diaspora, that is consists of specialists, liberals, activists, etc. therefore, Iran as one of the main countries of origin and destination of refugees and asylum seekers experiences the forced migration because of the factors such as: human rights for political activists and defenders, prisoners’ rights and treatment, women’s right and rights of religious minorities, that have increased the illegal methods of emigration, people were smuggled across the borders, and many of people have used different methods such as changing religion as a tool to apply for asylum on the grounds that conversion from Islam is punishable by the Islamic republic of Iran.

scholarly journals RESPONSE TO REFUGE ISSUES IN INDONESIAN IMMIGRATION LENS IN IMMIGRATION DETENTION HOUSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
Hana Farah Dhiba ◽  
Wahyu Eka Putra
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Director General ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

The phenomenon of refugees is one of the topics of discussion in the international world. This situation was triggered by the increasing number of refugees scattered in various countries around the world. The existence of refugees is often a special concern for countries that are both transit places and destinations. In Indonesia, tens of thousands of refugees and asylum seekers stop and live. Some of the Arab and African countries and ethnic Rohingya who are hit by armed conflict and acute poverty. They lived for years while waiting for a third country. Their existence is increasingly causing various problems in society. The research uses normative legal research methods with 7 approaches. From the research results, it can be concluded that the presence of refugees in Indonesia has been going on for decades. The refugees entered by land and sea routes to Indonesian territory. Various policies have been taken to deal with the presence of refugees from abroad, one of which is Presidential Regulation Number 125 of 2016 concerning Policies for Handling Refugees from Abroad. However, over time, the refugee status intersected with the status of illegal immigrants contained in the regulation of the Director General of Immigration. This in the future raises various problems related to the handling of refugees in Indonesia.

scholarly journals GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE FOR BUSINESS UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Оleksandra Viter ◽  
Oksana Kylyn ◽  
Natalia Sveleba
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Business Survival ◽  
Credit Lines ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World

The article analyzes the current state of the tourism business market. Crisis phenomena in tourism caused by COVID-19 are considered. It is noted that the outbreak of coronavirus has caused a significant blow to the world economy and as a result it affects key sectors of the economy. According to experts, the current crisis has a much greater sudden financial impact than on September 11 and the crisis of 2009 combined. It was found that according to UN WTO forecasts in 2020 the number of international tourists due to the coronavirus pandemic decreased by 20-30% compared to 2019. According to the updated IMF forecast, in 2020 world GDP will shrink by 4.9%, the world economy will lose $ 12.5 trillion. The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is calling for more funds to rehabilitate and support the tourism industry so that it can become a leader in economic recovery. The purpose of the measures implemented by governments during this difficult period can be divided into the following categories: to ensure a balance between the protection of tourists and the interests of tourism workers; provide conditions for business survival and targeted support and recovery of the tourism sector. Most countries focus on both approaches. Countries with more developed economies rely mainly on affordable credit lines which will restore the competitiveness of the national economy in a short period of time. Other countries are focusing on delaying tax and debt obligations, which could negatively affect the economy in the long run and lead to long-term budget deficits and general solvency problems. In order to stabilize the economic situation, governments adopt a range of both monetary and fiscal measures that can partially provide the conditions for business survival, as the tourism industry can become one of the drivers that helps the economy emerge from the crisis and can quickly create new jobs after crisis situations. Therefore, it is important that the measures taken by states to support the tourism business, the implementation of which will reduce the level of negative impact of the pandemic on the economy of the tourism industry.

scholarly journals Situation of Official Schools in Erbil City 1980 – 1991

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-372
Author(s):  
Snur Sabah Sidiq
Keyword(s):  
Iraq War ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

The subject of the official study conditions in the city of Erbil is of great historical and cultural importance, especially for the city that historians have confirmed in historical sources as one of the oldest cities in the world. The subject of the official study conditions in the city of Erbil for the period between 1980-1991 did not have the importance of being mentioned by researchers, and scientific research has not been conducted on it. Therefore, there is a scientific necessity to carry out such research. The reason for choosing the study period (1980 - 1991) is that because of the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war in 1980, all aspects of life were affected by this war. Although this war ended in 1988, its effects and repercussions continued to affect the joints of Life in Iraq and the city of Erbil, in addition to the fact that political problems and convulsions grew and developed in that period until Iraq entered Kuwait in 1990, which resulted in wars and regional and internal problems in Iraq. Since that date, a new historical era has begun in the region. This study consists of an introduction to the topic in addition to two main axes and concluded with a list of sources and appendices, in the entry a summary of the official study in the city of Erbil for the period between 1970 - 1980 was presented, and the first axis was devoted to the political situation and the educational process for the period between 1980 - 1991, and in the second axis The laws, regulations, and educational curricula for the period between 1980 - 1991 are covered.

scholarly journals Inclusive Resettlement? Integration Pathways of Resettled Refugees With Disabilities in Germany and Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Korntheuer ◽  
Michaela Hynie ◽  
Martha Kleist ◽  
Safwathullah Farooqui ◽  
Eva Lutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Refugee Resettlement ◽  
Global Literature ◽  
Intersectional Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Holistic Integration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Research Service

The purpose of this article is to explore the existing intersectional knowledge on integration and resettlement of refugees with disabilities in two of the top five resettlement countries in the world, Germany and Canada. There is limited research on the intersection of migration and disability, especially in the context of refugee resettlement. Reflecting the dominant pathways of migration in each country, what little research there is focuses on asylum seekers in Germany, and immigrants in Canada. The review describes settlement programs in each country. We draw from the global literature around forced migration and disability, as well as disability and migration more broadly in each country, to enhance the limited existing research and conduct an intersectional analysis at the level of systems, discourses and subjective narratives. Findings highlight three dominant themes that weave across all three levels: being a “burden” on society, being invisible, and agency and resistance. Finally, drawing from the theoretical stance of Disability Studies, critical, and holistic integration theories we discuss how this intersectional analysis highlights the importance of reshaping the policies, discourse and definition of integration, and the consequences this can have on research, service delivery, and evaluation of integration and resettlement.

scholarly journals Misinterpreting Others and the Fragility of Social Learning

Econometrica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 2281-2328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Frick ◽  
Ryota Iijima ◽  
Yuhta Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Information Aggregation ◽  
The State ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Private Signals ◽  
The World ◽  
True State ◽  
Over Time

We exhibit a natural environment, social learning among heterogeneous agents, where even slight misperceptions can have a large negative impact on long‐run learning outcomes. We consider a population of agents who obtain information about the state of the world both from initial private signals and by observing a random sample of other agents' actions over time, where agents' actions depend not only on their beliefs about the state but also on their idiosyncratic types (e.g., tastes or risk attitudes). When agents are correct about the type distribution in the population, they learn the true state in the long run. By contrast, we show, first, that even arbitrarily small amounts of misperception about the type distribution can generate extreme breakdowns of information aggregation, where in the long run all agents incorrectly assign probability 1 to some fixed state of the world, regardless of the true underlying state. Second, any misperception of the type distribution leads long‐run beliefs and behavior to vary only coarsely with the state, and we provide systematic predictions for how the nature of misperception shapes these coarse long‐run outcomes. Third, we show that how fragile information aggregation is against misperception depends on the richness of agents' payoff‐relevant uncertainty; a design implication is that information aggregation can be improved by simplifying agents' learning environment. The key feature behind our findings is that agents' belief‐updating becomes “decoupled” from the true state over time. We point to other environments where this feature is present and leads to similar fragility results.

scholarly journals Introduction to “Reshaping the World: Rethinking Borders”

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Ernesto Castañeda
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
Present System ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Open Borders ◽  
The World ◽  
Immigrant Policies ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

This paper provides some historical context to understand border formations. By comprehending how our present system of borders and exclusions function, we can gain a new appreciation for migration. Moreover, it presents arguments for open borders to counter anti-immigrant policies, includes short summaries of relevant research, as well as for each article included in this Special Issue. Together, these articles show how more welcoming policies towards immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers do not threaten popular sovereignty but, conversely, strengthen both democracy and local rights.

scholarly journals Active and latent tuberculosis among refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Proenca ◽  
Fernanda Mattos Souza ◽  
Mayara Lisboa Bastos ◽  
Rosangela Caetano ◽  
Jose Ueleres Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers ◽  
Tuberculosis Prevalence

Abstract Background: In 2017, there were 68.5 million refugees, asylum seekers and persons displaced by wars and conflicts worldwide. Tuberculosis prevalence in the country of origin and adverse conditions endured during their journey may increase their risk for tuberculosis. Objective: We summarized the prevalence of active and latent tuberculosis infection among refugees and asylum seekers through a literature systematic review and meta-analysis by country of origin. Methods: Articles published in Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and LILACS from 2000 to August 2017 were searched for, without language restriction. Two independent authors performed the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Random effect models were used to estimate pooled measures of active and latent tuberculosis prevalence. Sub-group analysis was performed according to country of origin and host continent. Results: Sixty-seven out of 767 identified papers were included, of which 16 entered the meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence of active and latent tuberculosis was 1% [95% confidence interval (CI)=1-2%] and 37% (95% CI=23-52%), respectively, both with high level of heterogeneity (I 2 =98.2% and 99.8%). Prevalence varied more according to countries of origin than host continent. Ninety-one per cent of studies reported routine screening of recently arrived immigrants in the host country; two-thirds confirmed tuberculosis bacteriologically. Many studies failed to provide relevant information. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is a major health problem among refugees and asylum seekers and should be given special attention in any host continent. To protect this vulnerable population, ensuring access to healthcare for early detection for prevention and treatment of the disease is essential. Key words: Forced migration. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Latent tuberculosis infection. Prevalence. Global health.

scholarly journals An Ethnographic Perspective of Well-Being, Salutogenesis and Meaning Making among Refugees and Asylum Seekers in the Gambia and the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Brianne Wenning
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

Research on refugees and asylum seekers largely focuses on the negative impacts that forced migration has on well-being. Though most individuals do not experience poor long-term mental health because of forced migration, less attention has been given to what factors promote positive well-being. Using an ethnographic approach, I elucidate how the concept of salutogenesis can be applied to African refugees and asylum seekers living in the greater Serrekunda area of the Gambia and in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in the United Kingdom. Specifically, I explore what resources impact on the sense of coherence construct and its three components—comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness—and how these are embedded in everyday discussions and understandings. In total, I spent twenty months conducting ethnographic fieldwork between the two sites and conducted forty individual interviews. Amongst my interlocutors, the three most common resources that people spoke positively about, particularly as it relates to meaning making, are work, education and religion. Further research in this area is crucial in order to identify, promote and strengthen those factors facilitating positive well-being amongst those who have been forcibly displaced.

Enhancing food-related agency in refugees and asylum seekers: A driver to resilience and regenerative empowerment

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Maria Giovanna Onorati
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Forced Migrants ◽  
Research Action ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

The paper argues the importance of food in the contexts of "forced migration" and the promising impact of enhancing food-related capabilities on refugees' em-powerment and social inclusion. To support the argument, the Author presents a pilot project based on research-action and providing food training for 39 refugees hosted in Piedmont. The research findings show that a participatory approach to training that values prior culinary learning, and the use of narrative interviews elic-iting food stories, may favour empowerment and social inclusion. Recovering food-related agency within refugees' unfinished journeys contributes to an em-powerment going beyond a sedentarist model of integration, namely a one-way and singularly place-bound demand of adaptation. Food agency is a basic enti-tlement that proves to be a major source of well-being for forced migrants, as well as a regenerative occasion for both healing ‘refugee gaps', and providing a more sustainable approach to resources.

Civic and social integration

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Nash ◽  
John Wong ◽  
Andrew Trlin
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Travail Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Trabajo Social ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

English New Zealand research into social work experience with immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers supports international claims that a new field of practice is emerging. Migration across frontiers for social, political and economic reasons brings local social workers into contact with clients from all over the world as they struggle to settle into their new communities. Social workers in this field need to be skilled in work at all levels, micro, meso and macro. French Les recherches conduites en Nouvelle Zélande portant sur les expériences de travail social auprès des immigrants, des réfugiés et des demandeurs d'asile supportent les affirmations internationales à savoir qu'un nouveau champ de pratique est en émergence. Les migrations par-delà les frontières nationales pour des raisons sociales, politiques et économiques entraînent des contacts entre des travailleurs sociaux locaux et des clients en provenance du monde entier lorsque ceux-ci tentent de s'établir dans leurs nouvelles communautés. Les travailleurs sociaux dans ce champ de pratique doivent Átre outillés pour travailler à tous les niveaux car les cas qu'ils auront à traiter impliquent du travail à niveaux micro, méso et macro. Spanish La investigación en Nueva Zelanda sobre la experiencia del trabajo social con inmigrantes, refugiados y solicitantes de asilo apoya la creencia internacional que éste es un nuevo campo de práctica. Los movimientos migratorios por razones sociales, políticas, y económicas ponen a los trabajadores sociales locales en contacto con clientes provenientes de todo el mundo mientras éstos luchan por asentarse en sus nuevas comunidades. Los trabajadores sociales en este campo necesitan destrezas en todos los niveles, puesto que los casos frecuentemente necesitarán intervenciones en niveles micro, meso y macro.

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