scholarly journals Response surface methodology optimization study on corncob pretreatment: reduction of sodium hydroxide usage and enhancement in pulpzyme HC biobleaching efficiency

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-213
Author(s):  
T.-K. Tang ◽  
Y.-Y. Lee ◽  
E.-T. Phuah ◽  
C.-P. Tan ◽  
S. Kanagaratnam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Cellulose Fibre ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Alkaline Pretreatment ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Optimized Conditions

Lignocellulosic rich corncob biomass possesses less complex structure, lignin and pigment content. As compared to wood pulp, it is considered to be a better alternative for the production of cellulose fibre. The present study was conducted to optimize both the alkaline (using sodium hydroxide) and biobleaching (using Pulpzyme HC) pretreatment process of corncob to promote lignin removal and cellulose swelling. It was the aim of this work to achieve mild processing conditions for corncob pretreatment in order to minimize the chemical usage. Results demonstrated that the mild pretreatment approach employed was found to successfully increase cellulose swelling and lignin removal from the corncob biomass. In alkaline pretreatment process, reaction temperature showed to be the most prominent effect in enhancing lignin removal and cellulose swelling as compared to sodium hydroxide concentration and reaction time. RSM optimized conditions for alkaline pretreatment process: 0.5 M NaOH, reaction temperature of 80°C and reaction time of 30 mins manage to increase the sedimentation index (indicate swelling of cellulose) from 0 to 30 and reduce the kappa number (represent lignin removal) from 82 to 32, respectively. Meanwhile, for biobleaching pretreatment using Pulpzyme HC, reaction time play a more significant role than the Pulpzyme HC concentration in promoting lignin removal and increasing cellulose swelling. RSM optimized conditions showed that the kappa number was reduced from 32 to 18 whereas the sedimentation index increased from 30 to 60 when the alkaline pretreated corncob was biobleached with Pulpzyme HC.

Improve the Temperature Resistance of Guar Gum by Silanization

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 652-655
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Optimized Conditions

For gelating agent in hydraulic fracturing fluid, the temperature resistance is required. To improve the temperature resistance of Guar gum (GG), it was modified by silanization. The reaction conditions were investigated, and the optimized conditions were as following: the reaction temperature of 85°C, 5: 1 molar ratio of guar gum to TMS-Cl and 4-6 h of reaction time. The viscosity of silanized guar gum (SGG) aqueous gel was greatly improved even high temperature at 80°C.

Resource recovery of waste incineration fly ash: Synthesis of tobermorite as ion exchanger

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 4437-4442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhidong Yao ◽  
Chikashi Tamura ◽  
Motohide Matsuda ◽  
Michihiro Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Waste Incineration Fly Ash

Tobermorite was synthesized successfully from waste incineration fly ash by hydrothermal treatment in the presence of sodium hydroxide solution. The tobermorite synthesis was examined as a function of reaction temperature, time, and NaOH concentration. The formation of tobermorite was identified in all of the fly ash treated with NaOH at 180 °C, followed by the minor generations of sodalite and cancrinite phases with increasing NaOH concentration and extending reaction time. The NaOH-treated fly ash revealed the uptake behaviors for Cs+ and NH4+, whereas the fly ash untreated with NaOH solution did not show that. The uptake amounts of resulting products were also determined: 0.40 mmol/g for Cs+ and 0.35 mmol/g for NH4+ in the fly ash treated with 2.0 M NaOH at 180 °C for 20 h.

Synthesis of 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-Pentanediol Monoisobutyrate

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Xiang Jing Zhang ◽  
Peng Tao Wu ◽  
Zi Chao Jiang ◽  
Ting Ting Liu ◽  
Xiao Yang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Sodium Ethoxide ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Paint Industry ◽  
Green Additive

2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (CS-12) is a non-water-soluble diol ester and an emerging green additive, widely used in paint industry. It can be synthesized by isobutyraldehyde with alkali as catalyst. In this article, several catalysts were studied for the synthesis of CS-12, for example, sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, the mixture of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, the solution of sodium methoxide and methanol, and sodium ethoxide. Sodium hydroxide was finally selected as the optimal catalyst for the reaction. The effect of the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature and reaction time on the reaction were investigated by orthogonal experiments. The final optimal conditions are as follows: the catalyst dosage is 2 %, the reaction temperature is 50 °C, the reaction time is 4h. Under these conditions, the conversion of isobutyraldehyde is 93.10%, the selectivity of target product is 92.98%.

Study on Catalytic Degradation of Diesel Pollution in Seawater by Laccase

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2324-2327
Author(s):  
Xu Zheng ◽  
Xiao Cai Yu ◽  
Yun Qing Liu ◽  
Xiao Xv ◽  
Jin Fang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Catalytic Degradation ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Sea water joining diesel was selected to prepare simulated marine oil pollution. With the target of removing diesel from seawater, the influence of various factors on the laccase-catalyzed degradation process was discussed. The experimental results show that the laccase-catalyzed degradation process was significantly affected by laccase dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time, pH of the solution and initial concentration of diesel in the oily wastewater. A systematic optimization study was carried out through a orthogonal test on the basis of the results of the single-factor experiments,and the optimum reaction conditions of laccase catalytic degradation diesel pollutants in seawater was determined. The results indicate that under the conditions of diesel initial concentration of 0.1g/L, laccase dosage of 8mg/L, pH value of 6, the reaction temperature of 25°C and the reaction time of 4h, laccase catalytic degradation rate of diesel pollution can be up to 63.85%.

Oxygen Delignification of Bamboo Kraft Pulp with High Kappa Number

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
Hui Gao ◽  
Huai Yu Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Delignification ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
Bamboo Pulp ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Two Stages

Bamboo kraft pulp with Kappa number of 25.6 was sampled, and oxygen delignification was applied to bleach these bamboo pulp samples. By investigating yield, Kappa number, viscosity, brightness of pulp, and delignification selectivity, it has been proven that caustic soda dosage and reaction temperature were major factors for oxygen delignification. The optimal conditions for oxygen delignification were proposed as follows: alkali dosage of 3.5% on o.d. pulp-mass, reaction temperature of 85°C, oxygen pressure of 0.6 MPa, and temperature retention time of 80 min. Two stages of oxygen delignification were used and no washing between the two was required. It was found that delignification efficiency and selectivity to lignin-removal were improved significantly. In addition, adding hydroquinone compounds during oxygen delignification can improve the qualities greatly such as higher viscosity and better selectivity of delignification.

Preparation of High Oil-Absorbing Materials by Using Modified Microcrystalline Cellulose

2011 ◽  
Vol 308-310 ◽  
pp. 780-784
Author(s):  
Feng Zhi Tan ◽  
Ya Feng Cao ◽  
Da Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Absorbing Materials ◽  
Optimized Conditions

Abstract. In this paper, high oil-absorbing resin is prepared, using microcrystalline cellulose as base material, and acrylate as grafting monomer. Effect of mass ratio of microcrystalline cellulose/monomer, the amount of cross-linking agent, initiator dosage, reaction temperature, and reaction time on oil-absorbing properties of the products is investigated. The optimized conditions are as followed: reaction time 6 hours, reaction temperature 70 °C, mass ratio of microcrystalline cellulose to monomer 1:1.5. The oil absorbing ratio of the product prepared under these conditions is up to 12.9 g/g for toluene, and 14.6 g/g for kerosene oil.

scholarly journals Optimization of pre-treatment of de-oiled oil seed cake for release of reducing sugars by response surface methodology

Bioethanol ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sharmada ◽  
Apoorva Punja ◽  
Sonali S Shetty ◽  
Vinayaka B Shet ◽  
Louella Concepta Goveas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
H2so4 Concentration ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Alkali Hydrolysis ◽  
Optimized Conditions

AbstractPre-treatment is a process that releases simple sugars from complex lignocellulosic biomass by using chemicals like acid and alkali which are one of the simplest and cost effective techniques. In this study, the conditions for sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatment of de-oiled oil seed cake (DOSC) were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The levels of factors (DOSC concentration, agitation speed, sulphuric acid (H2SO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration and reaction time) that affect release of reducing sugars by pre-treatment were obtained by one factor at a time (OFAT) approach of which only H2SO4 concentration, NaOH concentration and reaction time showed significance. The levels of factors were optimized by central composite design. Optimized conditions were found to be 11.65% (v/v) of H2SO4 concentration at 1.28h and, 4 N of NaOH at 3.7 h for acid and alkali hydrolysis respectively. Under optimized conditions, the release of reducing sugars was found to be 0.69 g/L (41.36 mg RRS/ g cellulose) and 0.40 g/L (23.98 mg RRS/ g cellulose) for acid hydrolysis and alkali hydrolysis of DOSC, respectively. Hence, RSM was found to be an efficient technique to optimize the hydrolysis process and ensure maximum release of reducing sugars.

Study on Optimized Conditions of Cellulose Degradation of Bermuda Grass

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 711-714
Author(s):  
Jun Hong Liu ◽  
Ming Dou ◽  
Li Xiao Zhou ◽  
Kang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Optimized Conditions

Biomass plays unprecedented role in energy structure, whose study focuses on technology reform, the study on exploring raw material is limited. This paper, taking the usual Bermuda grass as objective, analyzes conditions of cellulose degradation. It comes to the conclusion that reducing sugar gets to 15.99% under conditions as follows: density of hydrochloric acid of 1.0% , ratio of solid and liquid of 110, reaction temperature of 120 C and reaction time of 60 minutes.

Preparation of Sodium Diacetate

2014 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Jian Wei Zhang ◽  
Ji Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Optimum Synthesis ◽  
Sodium Diacetate

The sodium diacetate using acetic acid and sodium hydroxide as materials was prepared in which one-step liquid-phase method and microwave method were adopted in the paper. By single factor experiment, the regularities of the influence of various factors including reaction temperature, reaction time and acetic acid-sodium hydroxide ratio on the yield of sodium diacetate were studied. Through the orthogonal experiment the optimum synthesis conditions of sodium diacetate were confirmed that the reaction temperature was 70°C, the reaction time was 60min and the acetic acid-sodium hydroxide ratio was 2.1:1. The product yield was 96.2% under the optimal reaction conditions.

Biodiesel Production via Transesterification: Effect of the Types of Oil/Alcohol and Alcohol Concentrations on Settling Behaviour of Byproduct of Glycerol

2015 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 255-261
Author(s):  
Panida Rattanapoltee ◽  
Dollaporn Poomprasit ◽  
Pakawadee Kewkannetra
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Settling Behaviour

Typically, biodiesel is produced via a chemical reaction called as transesterification of triglycerides obtained from oil crops and animal fat with some kinds of acidic or alkali catalyst and various kinds of alcohol such as methanol, ethanol and even butanol. In this work, some effects of the types of oil/alcohol and alcohol concentrations on the settling behaviour of glycerol, a byproduct obtained during biodiesel production is investigated. The reaction was performed using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a catalyst with a reaction temperature (60 oC) and 20 min for the reaction time. The biodiesel yield and the byproduct obtained from each experiment were separated and observed. An equal ratio of the biodiesel and the glycerol was again vigorously remixed. Hereafter, the settling behaviour of glycerol was observed. The results revealed that the settling time was reduced significantly as the alcohol concentration increased. In addition, when a mixture of two types of alcohol is applied, synergetic effect of the mixed alcohols reduced the settling time of the byproduct of glycerol.

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