A cascading biorefinery process targeting sulfated polysaccharides (ulvan) from Ulva ohnoi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRK Glasson ◽  
Ian Sims ◽  
Susan Carnachan ◽  
R de Nys ◽  
M Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extraction ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Weight Analysis ◽  
Ulva Ohnoi ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Pre Treatment

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. We evaluated eight biorefinery processes targeting the extraction of ulvan from Ulva ohnoi. Using a factorial design the effect of three sequential treatments (aqueous extraction of salt; ethanol extraction of pigments; and Na2C2O4 or HCl (0.05 M) extraction of ulvan) were evaluated based on the yield (% dry weight of biomass) and quality (uronic acid, sulfate, protein and ash content, constituent sugar and molecular weight analysis) of ulvan extracted. The aqueous extraction of salt followed by HCl extraction of ulvan gave higher yields (8.2 ± 1.1% w/w) and purity of ulvan than equivalent Na2C2O4 extracts (4.0 ± 1.0% w/w). The total sugar content of HCl extracts (624–670 μg/mg) was higher than Na2C2O4 extracts (365–426 μg/mg) as determined by constituent sugar with ulvan specific monosaccharides contributing 94.7–96.2% and 70.1–84.0%, respectively. Ulvan extracted from U. ohnoi was 53.1 mol% rhamnose, 27.8 mol% glucuronic acid, 10.1 mol% iduronic acid, and 5.3 mol% xylose with molecular weights ranging from 10.5–312 kDa depending on the biorefinery process employed. Therefore, the extraction of high quality ulvan from U. ohnoi is facilitated by an aqueous pre-treatment and subsequent HCl-extraction of ulvan as part of a cascading biorefinery model delivering salt, ulvan, and a protein enriched residual biomass.

A cascading biorefinery process targeting sulfated polysaccharides (ulvan) from Ulva ohnoi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRK Glasson ◽  
Ian Sims ◽  
Susan Carnachan ◽  
R de Nys ◽  
M Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extraction ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Weight Analysis ◽  
Ulva Ohnoi ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Pre Treatment

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. We evaluated eight biorefinery processes targeting the extraction of ulvan from Ulva ohnoi. Using a factorial design the effect of three sequential treatments (aqueous extraction of salt; ethanol extraction of pigments; and Na2C2O4 or HCl (0.05 M) extraction of ulvan) were evaluated based on the yield (% dry weight of biomass) and quality (uronic acid, sulfate, protein and ash content, constituent sugar and molecular weight analysis) of ulvan extracted. The aqueous extraction of salt followed by HCl extraction of ulvan gave higher yields (8.2 ± 1.1% w/w) and purity of ulvan than equivalent Na2C2O4 extracts (4.0 ± 1.0% w/w). The total sugar content of HCl extracts (624–670 μg/mg) was higher than Na2C2O4 extracts (365–426 μg/mg) as determined by constituent sugar with ulvan specific monosaccharides contributing 94.7–96.2% and 70.1–84.0%, respectively. Ulvan extracted from U. ohnoi was 53.1 mol% rhamnose, 27.8 mol% glucuronic acid, 10.1 mol% iduronic acid, and 5.3 mol% xylose with molecular weights ranging from 10.5–312 kDa depending on the biorefinery process employed. Therefore, the extraction of high quality ulvan from U. ohnoi is facilitated by an aqueous pre-treatment and subsequent HCl-extraction of ulvan as part of a cascading biorefinery model delivering salt, ulvan, and a protein enriched residual biomass.

scholarly journals Bio-degradation of 40 micron plastic bags by Aspergillus niger and optimization of pre-treatment methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Kittur ◽  
Namrata Patil ◽  
Shruti Kammar ◽  
V. G. Shanmuga Priya ◽  
D. N. Sastry
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Weight Analysis ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The City

Lack of degradability and the closing of landfill sites as well as growing water and land pollution problems have led to concern about plastics. Among the various types of plastics, the most extensively used type is polyethylene bags. A survey on 40 micron polyethylene bags was done by obtaining the information from the City corporation office, Belgaum, Karnataka, India on the amount of plastic waste generated in the city. Polyethylene bags having a thickness less than 40 micron are not recycled, thus have to be degraded. In this work, Aspergillus niger is been employed to degrade the 40 micron plastic. Various pre-treatment methods are used which include UV, nitric acid, thermal and UV + nitric acid treatments to effectively degrade the plastic. Different media having pre treated plastic as the carbon source are tested for the degradation of plastic along with the growth of the fungi. Incubation period was taken as 15 and 30 days. Optimization of pre-treatment methods was done to improve the degradation efficiency. Various analysis methods such as FTIR spectroscopy and dry-weight analysis were done to confirm the degradation of plastic.

scholarly journals Metabolic Variation among Fruits of Different Chili Cultivars (Capsicum spp.) Using HPLC/MS

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Tilen Zamljen ◽  
Aljaž Medič ◽  
Robert Veberič ◽  
Metka Hudina ◽  
Jerneja Jakopič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Capsicum Spp ◽  
Metabolic Variation ◽  
Organic Acid Content ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Insight Into

Chilies are widely cultivated for their rich metabolic content, especially capsaicinoids. In our study, we determined individual sugars, organic acids, capsaicinoids, and total phenolic content in pericarp, placenta, and seeds of Capsicum annuum L., Capsicum chinense Jacq. and Capsicum baccatum L. by HPLC/MS. Dry weight varied in the cultivar ‘Cayenne’, with the first fruit having the lowest dry weight, with 4.14 g. The total sugar content and organic acid content did not vary among the fruits of all three cultivars. The cultivar ‘Cayenne’ showed differences in total phenolic and capsaicinoid content between fruits in the placenta, with the first fruit having the highest content of total phenolics (27.85 g GAE/kg DW) and total capsaicinoids (16.15 g/kg DW). Of the three cultivars studied, the cultivar ‘Habanero Orange’ showed the least variability among fruits in terms of metabolites. The content of dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, and homodihydrocapsaicin in the seeds of the second fruit was higher than that of the first fruit of the cultivar ‘Bishop Crown’. The results of our study provided significant insight into the metabolomics of individual fruits of the same chili plant. We have thus increased our understanding of how certain metabolites are distributed between fruits at different levels of the same plant and different parts of the fruit. This could be further investigated when chilies are exposed to different environmental stresses.

scholarly journals Composition of Four Potato Cultivars in Relation to Cold Storage and Reconditioning

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Okeyo ◽  
Mosbah M. Kushad
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Sugar Content

`Atlantic', `BelRus', `Kennebec', and `Superior' potatoes (Solarium tuberosum L.) were evaluated for ascorbic acid, soluble protein, and sugar content (reducing and nonreducing) at harvest, after 6 weeks of storage at 3C, and after 2 weeks of reconditioning at 25C. At harvest, ascorbic acid and soluble protein contents varied among the cultivars, with `Superior' containing the highest ascorbic acid (154 mg/100 g dry weight) and soluble protein content (46.4 mg·g−1 dry weight). Cold storage resulted in a drastic reduction (±50%) in ascorbic acid content in all four cultivars. Ascorbic acid also decreased during reconditioning of tubers, but the reduction was less than during cold storage. In contrast, soluble protein contents were not influenced significantly by cold storage or reconditioning, except for `BelRus' and `Kennebec', which had less protein after reconditioning. At harvest, glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents were at similar levels in all cultivars, except for fructose in `Kennebec', which was more than 2-fold higher. `Kennebec' also had a significantly lower specific gravity than the other cultivars. However, unlike the other cultivars, reconditioning of `Kennebec' tubers did not affect its specific gravity or total sugar content. Data suggest that `Kennebec's' poor processing quality may have resulted from a combination of low specific gravity and high total sugar content.

The Chemical Analysis of S.kjellmanianum in Shandong Peninsula

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1884-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Wei Wei Ma ◽  
Ge Fei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Shandong Peninsula ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Components Analysis

Sargassum kjellmanianumianum was collected in Yangma Island of Yantai, Long Island and Qingdao, respectively. Chemical components analysis was conducted. The results show that proteins, carbohydrates and mineral elements are the main nutrition composition of the S.kjellmanianumianum in the three areas. Among them the crude protein content is in scope for 11.70% to 15.09%. The total sugar content is not high, occupying only 16.47% to 26.42% of the dry weight. The content of the mineral element of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe is very high. Fatty acids of C16 and C18 are predominant fatty acids, accounting for about half of the total fatty acids. Amino acid content ranges from 13.08% to 15.19%, and the content of the aspartic acid, glutamic acid, valine and alanine is rich, and each is higher than 1%. There are a variety of essential nutrients of human body in the Sargassum kjellmanianumianum, which are valuable to be researched and exploited.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Pepsin-Solubilised Collagen from the Skin of Splendid Squid (Loligo formosana)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanat Kittiphattanabawon ◽  
Sitthipong Nalinanon ◽  
Soottawat Benjakul ◽  
Hideki Kishimura
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Lysyl Endopeptidase ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Imino Acids ◽  
Mixed Types

Pepsin-solubilised collagen from the skin of splendid squid (SC) was isolated, partially purified by salt precipitation and dialysis prior to characterisation. The yield of SC was 75.3% (dry weight basis). SC with high purity was obtained as shown by the distinct UV absorption peak at 232 nm and high hydroxyproline content. Total sugar content of SC was 4.70% (dry weight basis), which was higher than that of collagen from calf skin (CC) (1.45% dry weight basis) (P<0.05). Based on SDS-PAGE and elution profile, SC might contain the mixed types of collagen (type SQ-I and type SQ-II), in whichα- andβ-chains were the major components. SC was rich in glycine and had high content of imino acids (189 residues/1000 residues). The degradation induced by chymotrypsin and lysyl endopeptidase was more pronounced in CC, compared with SC. The maximum transition temperature (Tmax) of SC was 34.1°C, which was about 7°C lower than that of CC. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed that the triple-helical structure of SC was predominant with the copresence of carbohydrate moieties. Therefore, the skin of splendid squid, a byproduct from squid processing, can be an alternative source for collagen production.

scholarly journals Effect of soluble silica fertiliser on total sugar, protein, starch content along with amylase and cellulase activity in banana

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Tasneem Rangwala ◽  
Angurbala Bafna ◽  
Nagesh Vyas ◽  
Rohan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Silica

Fertilisers have become an important factor used by farmers to increase yield and improve product quality. Earth’s crust carries a large amount of elemental silicon. However, silicon is not considered an essential element for plant growth therefore is not included in fertilisers. Silicon has shown to enhance the growth and productivity of various crops. The present study aimed to explore the potential of soluble silica in improving the biochemical parameters of banana (Grand naine variety). The field experiment was conducted at Ropni Vasaad village, Burhanpur District of Madhya Pradesh from August 2017 to September 2018. Silica was supplied as potassium silicate in the liquid form under the trade name AgriboosterTM. Doses were administered at the interval of one month starting from planting the tissue culture explants till harvesting the final crop. Eight treatments were designed which included three different concentration of soluble silica applied alone and with combination with compound fertilisers. Control was without any treatment. A significant increase in fresh and dry weight was observed with all the treatments. All the combinations of soluble silica resulted in significant increase in starch and total sugar content. The protein content showed significant increase with treatments consisting of soluble silica and compound fertiliser. Cellulase and amylase activity declined on treatment with soluble silica. The present study reveals that if soluble silica is either applied alone or with compound fertiliser, it can enhance the biochemical parameters and can indirectly delay ripening of banana by altering activity of cellulase and amylase.

FERTILIZATION AND NIGHT TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND CARBOHYDRATE STATUS OF POINSETTIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-349
Author(s):  
M. SENÉCAL ◽  
B. DANSEREAU ◽  
R. PAQUIN
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Carbohydrate Status ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd ’Annette Hegg Dark Red’) were fertilized with 3.0, 4.5 or 6.0 g per 15-cm pot of Osmocote (14N-6.1P-11.6K) and were grown in greenhouses at 9, 13, or 17 °C night temperature. As the night temperature increased, the number of days to anthesis, bract number and carbohydrate levels decreased. Maximum bract mean area and minimum root dry weight were achieved at 13 °C. High fertilizer rates increased the number of days to anthesis while bract number, root and shoot dry weights, reducing and total sugar content decreased.Key words: Euphorbia pulcherrima, fertilization, night temperature, carbohydrate

scholarly journals Effect of Extraction Methods on Chemical and Physical Properties of Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis Miller) Polysaccharides Fraction: Liguid Gel and Powders

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Traore Souleymane ◽  
Coulibaly Ibourahema ◽  
Agbo Adouko Edith ◽  
Grodji Albarin Gbogouri ◽  
Brou Kouakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Aloe Barbadensis ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Molecular Number ◽  
Kinetics Of

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of extraction methods on chemical and physical properties of Aloe vera polysaccharides. The study was conducted on two commercial products: Aloe vera powder and an extract liquid of whole leaf. The kinetics of hydrolysis is carried out on the Aloe vera products. Hot, cold extraction with water and boiled ethanol extraction were carried out to obtain polysaccharide fractions (A1, A2, A3, and A4). The molecular weights of each fraction were determined. Proteins, galacturonic acid and sugars were quantified. Results showed that approximately, 25% of sugars were present in Aloe vera powder. The best extraction method were cold extraction (pH 5.3, 25°C, 4h) which showed the higher extraction yields (69.4±0.1%) in polysaccharide (Poly) A, than other extraction methods. Interestly, results showed a decrease of molecular weights, molecular number, and protein contents from 150 to 30 kDa, from 97 to 29 kDa and from 4.9±0.1 to 0.00% respectively with polysaccharides fractionment methods. Moreover, the total sugar content increases in polysaccharide fraction: 29.2±0.1%, 76.6±0.1% and 93.4±0.4% for Poly A, A1 and A2 respectively. The highest sugar content were observed in Poly A3 ≈ 97.8±1.5% probably glucomannan, with 77.3±6.5% of mannose, 18.7±2.8% of glucose. The data suggest that the fractionment methods could lead to product the purified polysaccharide which could be use for nutritional, biological and medicinal properties. 

scholarly journals Effect of biodegradable nonwoven covers on yield and chemical composition of overwintering onion

Italus Hortus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kalisz ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Andrzej Jurkow ◽  
Aneta Grabowska
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Onion Bulbs

Floating row covers are important pre-harvest factors for maximizing the yield of vegetable crops grown under open-field conditions. It is necessary to replace oil-based nonwoven covers with biodegradable ones that are environmentally friendly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biodegradable nonwoven covers, made of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, with or without fatty acid dimers (SB20/13, SB21/13, and SB28/13), on yield and chemical composition of ‘Glacier’ and ‘Swift’ winter onions. In the first experiment, we observed a higher total marketable yield and higher harvest index for onions covered with SB21/13 (by 24% and 3%, respectively) when compared to the control (polypropylene nonwoven). The SB20/13 cover significantly decreased mean bulb weight by 15.3% than in control. Bulbs harvested from the plots covered with SB21/13 had lower dry weight by 3.2-3.7% and those covered with SB28/13 showed the lowest L-ascorbic acid content when compared to all other treatments (by 6.3-10.3%). The lowest total sugar content was found in control onion bulbs, but it was significantly different only from bulbs covered by SB20/13, which had more sugar by 10.6%. In the second experiment, plants covered with the SB28/13 had a 1 st grade yield of onions higher by 47% than that of the control. The highest mean bulb weight was obtained from plants covered with the SB21/13 nonwoven. Covering with nonwovens caused a decrease in dry weight (SB20/13 and SB21/13, by 1.3-1.7%, respectively) and L-ascorbic acid (all nonwovens, by 15.6% for SB21/13 up to 22% for SB20/13) in onion bulbs in comparison to the control. Since the tested biodegradable nonwovens covers did not cause any decrease in the yield of winter onions compared to polypropylene nonwovens, the former appear to be a suitable environmental-friendly solution for the open-field cultivation of this important vegetable crop.

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