Effect of biodegradable nonwoven covers on yield and chemical composition of overwintering onion

Floating row covers are important pre-harvest factors for maximizing the yield of vegetable crops grown under open-field conditions. It is necessary to replace oil-based nonwoven covers with biodegradable ones that are environmentally friendly. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biodegradable nonwoven covers, made of aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters, with or without fatty acid dimers (SB20/13, SB21/13, and SB28/13), on yield and chemical composition of ‘Glacier’ and ‘Swift’ winter onions. In the first experiment, we observed a higher total marketable yield and higher harvest index for onions covered with SB21/13 (by 24% and 3%, respectively) when compared to the control (polypropylene nonwoven). The SB20/13 cover significantly decreased mean bulb weight by 15.3% than in control. Bulbs harvested from the plots covered with SB21/13 had lower dry weight by 3.2-3.7% and those covered with SB28/13 showed the lowest L-ascorbic acid content when compared to all other treatments (by 6.3-10.3%). The lowest total sugar content was found in control onion bulbs, but it was significantly different only from bulbs covered by SB20/13, which had more sugar by 10.6%. In the second experiment, plants covered with the SB28/13 had a 1 st grade yield of onions higher by 47% than that of the control. The highest mean bulb weight was obtained from plants covered with the SB21/13 nonwoven. Covering with nonwovens caused a decrease in dry weight (SB20/13 and SB21/13, by 1.3-1.7%, respectively) and L-ascorbic acid (all nonwovens, by 15.6% for SB21/13 up to 22% for SB20/13) in onion bulbs in comparison to the control. Since the tested biodegradable nonwovens covers did not cause any decrease in the yield of winter onions compared to polypropylene nonwovens, the former appear to be a suitable environmental-friendly solution for the open-field cultivation of this important vegetable crop.

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Composition of Four Potato Cultivars in Relation to Cold Storage and Reconditioning

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.5.3.250 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 250-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

James A. Okeyo ◽

Mosbah M. Kushad

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Cold Storage ◽

Soluble Protein ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Sugar ◽

The Other ◽

Total Sugar Content

`Atlantic', `BelRus', `Kennebec', and `Superior' potatoes (Solarium tuberosum L.) were evaluated for ascorbic acid, soluble protein, and sugar content (reducing and nonreducing) at harvest, after 6 weeks of storage at 3C, and after 2 weeks of reconditioning at 25C. At harvest, ascorbic acid and soluble protein contents varied among the cultivars, with `Superior' containing the highest ascorbic acid (154 mg/100 g dry weight) and soluble protein content (46.4 mg·g−1 dry weight). Cold storage resulted in a drastic reduction (±50%) in ascorbic acid content in all four cultivars. Ascorbic acid also decreased during reconditioning of tubers, but the reduction was less than during cold storage. In contrast, soluble protein contents were not influenced significantly by cold storage or reconditioning, except for `BelRus' and `Kennebec', which had less protein after reconditioning. At harvest, glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents were at similar levels in all cultivars, except for fructose in `Kennebec', which was more than 2-fold higher. `Kennebec' also had a significantly lower specific gravity than the other cultivars. However, unlike the other cultivars, reconditioning of `Kennebec' tubers did not affect its specific gravity or total sugar content. Data suggest that `Kennebec's' poor processing quality may have resulted from a combination of low specific gravity and high total sugar content.

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Evaluation of Cherry Tomato Genotypes for Qualitative Traits under Open Field and Protected Condition

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.9734/irjpac/2020/v21i930194 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

. Chandni ◽

Deepti Singh ◽

Shirin Akhtar ◽

Shiv Shankar Mahesh

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Open Field ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Cherry Tomato ◽

Total Soluble Solids ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Β Carotene

Vegetable, due to higher neutraceutical component, are termed as protective food against various major and minor diseases. Scientific agro-techniques under optimum growing condition like temperature, relative humidity and light intensity, positively influence the qualitative and quantitative attributes of most of the vegetable crops including cherry tomato. It is one of potential vegetable crop, which is extensively utilized for table purpose and for preparing recipies in five star restaurants. Cherry tomato fetches higher prices in market due to good taste and higher nutrients, thus making qualitative attributes as an important factor to give higher returns to the farmers. Thus, this experiment was conducted to estimate the qualitative attributes in eighteen genotypes of cherry tomato grown under both open field and polyhouse conditions. The result of the study revealed that under open field condition, BRCT-30 was the best genotype with maximum value for lycopene content (6.62 mg 100-1 g FW) and β-carotene (2.30 mg 100-1 g FW), second maximum value for total soluble solids (7.85°Brix), third maximum value for reducing sugar and fourth highest position for ascorbic acid content (43.65 mg/100 g FW). Under polyhouse condition, the best genotype for quality parameters was BRCT-36 with maximum total soluble solids (10.81°Brix), lycopene (7.48 mg 100-1 g FW) and β-carotene (2.49 mg 100-1g FW) along with average range of values for ascorbic acid (72.36 mg 100-1 g FW) and titrable acidity (0.55 mg 100-1 g FW).

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Different Temperature Regimes Influenced the Quality of Broccoli Seedlings, Which Caused a Change in the Chemical Composition of Mature Heads

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11091806 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1806

Author(s):

Andrzej Kalisz ◽

Joanna Gil ◽

Edward Kunicki ◽

Agnieszka Sękara ◽

Andrzej Sałata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Chilling Stress ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Temperature Treatment ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Low Temperature Treatment

Exposure of vegetable seedlings to lowered temperature affects their growth and the content of certain chemical constituents. Chilling activates defensive mechanisms against stress and leads to acclimatization which increases plant ability to withstand harsh field conditions. Thus, seedlings subjected to low-temperature treatment had altered metabolic pathways, and these changes can persist until harvest. We therefore assessed: (i) the direct response of broccoli seedlings to 1 week or 2 weeks at lowered temperatures (6 °C, 10 °C, 14 °C, and 18 °C—control); and (ii) the long-term effects of the latter treatments on phytochemical components level in mature heads of broccoli cultivated in the field. Chilling stress decreased seedling shoot and root fresh and dry weights, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf perimeter, and leaf width. The most spectacular reductions in these parameters were observed at 6 °C and 10 °C. Longer exposure to lowered temperature resulted in greater reduction in the values of morphological traits. Chilling led to reduction in L-ascorbic acid content in broccoli seedlings, while a 6 °C temperature caused an increase in soluble sugars. The highest content of dry weight, soluble sugars, and L-ascorbic acid were observed in the heads of plants exposed to 14 °C; however, the content of dry weight (at 10 °C) and L-ascorbic acid (at 6 °C and 10 °C) also increased in broccoli heads in comparison with the control. Longer chilling (for 2 weeks) generally increased the content of these constituents in mature broccoli. Lower temperature (6–14 °C) applied at seedling stage increased P and Zn contents in broccoli heads in comparison to the control, whereas plants treated with 10 °C had more K, Fe, and, together with 6 °C treatment, Cu. The lowest temperature applied to the seedlings (6 °C) caused an increase in Mn content, while no effects of seedling chilling was noted for Ca levels. Significant linear correlations were noted and regression models were developed for the content of dry weight, soluble sugars, and L-ascorbic acid in the broccoli heads based on the chosen seedling parameters. The results show that the effect of lowered temperature to which the seedlings were subjected persists also in the further stages of plant ontogenesis, causing permanent changes in the chemical composition of mature broccoli heads.

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PERFORMANCE OF BIODEGRADABLE FLOATING DIRECT COVERS IN THE FIELD PRODUCTION OF BUTTERHEAD LETTUCE DURING SPRING AND AUTUMN TRIALS

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2021.2.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 93-106

Author(s):

Andrzej Kalisz ◽

Agnieszka Sękara ◽

Aneta Grabowska ◽

Konrad Sulak ◽

Ewa Capecka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Chlorophyll Level ◽

Butterhead Lettuce ◽

Chlorophyll A Content

Non-degradable polypropylene nonwovens are difficult to dispose and their utilization represents high economic costs. This study was conducted on lettuce cultivated during the spring and autumn seasons in the southern part of Poland to test biodegradable nonwovens as plant covers. Several nonwovens were developed from aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters (ACC), one without modifiers (SB48/11) and three with the addition of fatty acid dimers: two commercial variants (SB20/13, SB21/13) and one made from plant biomass (SB28/13). Nonwoven polypropylene (PP) fleece was included as a control cover. One week after covering with SB48/11, stomatal conductance (gs) increased in lettuce plants in parallel with higher transpiration rate (E) and sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci) relative to the control, but differences in these parameters evened out in mature plants. In the spring, degradable covers with their higher mass per unit area, caused a decrease in marketable yield of lettuce compared to the control PP, resulting mainly from the deterioration of plant quality and lower mean weight per head. In the autumn season, yield was statistically not different between treatments. Yield of spring lettuces was 78% higher compared to the autumn cultivation period. Plants grown under SB20/13 had the lowest dry weight and L-ascorbic acid, while plants under SB21/13 had the highest dry weight and L-ascorbic acid content. Plants under SB28/13 had higher chlorophyll a content. Generally, no effect of covers was noted for carotenoid concentrations. The content of dry weight, L-ascorbic acid, and carotenoids were higher in plants harvested in spring, while no effects of crop season on chlorophyll level were observed. All tested biodegradable nonwovens are a potential substitute for standard polypropylene in autumn trials, but for spring covering unit weight of these materials should be reduced.

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Effects of Genetic Background and Altitude on Sugars, Malic Acid and Ascorbic Acid in Fruits of Wild and Cultivated Apples (Malus sp.)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10122950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2950

Author(s):

Yajing Li ◽

Hongxia Sun ◽

Jindong Li ◽

Shu Qin ◽

Wei Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Malic Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Total Acid ◽

Glucose Content ◽

Total Sugar Content

Soluble sugars, malic acid, and ascorbic acid in 17 apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.) and three wild forms (M. pumila ‘Saiwaihong’, M. prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. and M. micromalus Makino) from three major apple cultivation regions in China were quantified using gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Fructose was the most abundant sugar, followed by sucrose, glucose, and sorbitol. Wild apples contain more sorbitol and less sucrose and were significantly more acidic than cultivated fruits. The total sugar content varied from 110 to 160 mg/g fresh fruits, total acid content from 2 to 6 mg/g, with a strong influence of genetic background and growth location. Overall, ‘Gala’, ‘Xiali’, ‘Liuyuehong’, ‘Lihong’, ‘Starking Delicious’, and ‘Starkrimson’ were characterized by higher sugar/acid ratio indicating sweeter taste compared to other cultivars. The wild apples had the highest content of ascorbic acid (0.6–0.96 mg/g). Compared to other cultivars, ‘Zhongqiuwang’, ‘Qinguan’, and ‘Nagafu No. 2′ were richer in ascorbic acid. The ascorbic acid content in the commercial cultivars was highly dependent on growth location. The content of malic acid and sucrose positively correlated to altitude, and that of glucose negatively. Malic acid positively correlated with ascorbic acid and sucrose, glucose content with ascorbic acid.

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The relationship between the chemical composition and taste of strawberries

Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens ◽

10.36305/0513-1634-2021-140-52-59 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 52-59

Author(s):

Z. I. Arifova ◽

A. V. Smykov

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Total Sugar Content ◽

Fruit Flavor ◽

The Relationship ◽

Acid Index

The results of the evaluation of promising 24 cultivars and 6 forms of garden strawberries by their chemical composition (contents of ascorbic acid, titrated acid, sugars, dry substances, monosaccharides, the level of the sugar-acid coefficient) and the taste qualities of the fruits are presented to identify sources of high taste qualities and high content of biologically active substances. Seven cultivars and forms (Aidarina, Assol, Zarina, Efsane 3-15 Atlantida × Uniol, 12-15 Sunrise × Hercules, 25-15 Jantarnaja × Zenga Zengana) with a high fruit flavor (4.8-5.0 points); six cultivars (Aidarina, Assol, Atlantida, Bagryana, Zarina, Present) with an increased content of ascorbic acid (76.1-85.4 mg/100 g); eight cultivars and forms (Bagryana, Hercules, Krymskaya Remontantnaya, Luiza, Sanika, Honey, 3-15 Atlantida × Uniol, 14-15 Sunrise × Clery) with high titratable acidity (1.1-1.2%); five cultivars (Aidarina, Albion, Bagryana, Zarina, Rusanovka) with optimal total sugar content (7.5-9.8%); four cultivars (Albion, Bagryana, Krymskaya Remontantnaya, Uniol) with a high amount of dry matter (10.6-17.3 %); seven cultivars and forms (Assol, Albion, Zarina, Krymskaya Rannaya, Rusanovka, 13-15 Sunrise × Zenga Zengana, 14-15 Sunrise × Clery, 25-15 Jantarnaja × Zenga Zengana) with a high sugar-acid index (8.0-11.9). The lowest variability (8.2-16.7%) was characterized by such signs as the taste of fruits and the content of total sugar, titrated acidity, and the highest (18.3-25.0%) - the content of ascorbic acid, solids, and the sugar-acid index. The most significant correlation between the sugar-acid coefficient and the biochemical parameters of strawberry fruits was revealed.

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Nutritive value of tomatillo fruit (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.)

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1988.049 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 507-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joanna Ostrzycka ◽

Marcin Horbowicz ◽

Włodzimierz Dobrzański ◽

Leszek S. Jankiewicz ◽

Jan Borkowski

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Oxalic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Ripe Fruit ◽

Total Sugar Content ◽

The Given

Tomatillo is widely cultivated in Mexico but is little known in other countries. The chemical composition of fruit from field grown plants was investigated during several vegetative seasons. Tomatillo contained a relatively high percentage of dry matter (7-10%) and extract (6.6-7.4%). Its potassium content was lower than that of tomato growing in the same conditions. The content of iron was higher, and that of other elements was comparable, depending on the conditions during the given year. The total sugar content amounted to 2.8-5.7%, depending on the selected population. The percentage of glucose and fructose decreased during ripening and that of saccharose increased. The content of pectic substances was similar as in tomato but the proportions of particular fractions was different. Tomatillo contained more acids than tomato, and showed an especially high citric and malic acid content. The latter decreased drastically during ripening. The content of oxalic acid was 11-18 mg 100 g-1 in ripe fruit and up to 54 mg in unripe. The vitamin C content depended on the selected population and amounted to 8-21 mg 100 g-1, dehydroascorbic acid prevailing. The content of vitamin PP was 0.8-1.3 mg 100 g-1.

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Some effects of gamma radiation on several varieties of Tasmanian potatoes. 2. Biochemical changes

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9650289 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 5 (18) ◽

pp. 289 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

PA Wills

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Gamma Radiation ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Starch Content ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Total Sugars

Tasmanian Up-to-date, Kennebec, Sebago, and Sequoia tubers were treated with low doses of gamma radiation to inhibit sprouting and were subsequently stored at 68�F or 45�F. Tubers were examined at bi-monthly intervals for some, or all, of the following biochemical constituents : dry matter, thiamin, reduced ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, total ascorbic acid, soluble reducing sugars, sucrose, total sugars, and starch. Radiation, independent of dose level, led to lower dry matter contents in the Up-to-date, Kennebec, and Sequoia tubers after four months storage, and in the Sebago tubers after six months storage at 68�F, but not at 45�F, when compared to the controls. The thiamin content of Up-to-date tubers w-as not influenced by radiation (16,000 rads). Storage w-as a more important factor than radiation in altering the ascorbic acid content of tubers. Radiation maintained, or even increased the normal level. Radiation increased the soluble reducing sugar content of Sequoia tubers, the total sugar of Sequoia and Sebago tubers, and the sucrose content of the Sebago tubers, but had little effect on the starch content of these varieties. Storage influenced some of these constituents, particularly in the Sebago variety.

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The yield and quality of broccoli grown under flat covers with soil mulching

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/168/2014-pse ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 228-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. Kosterna

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Organic Mulch ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Rye Straw

The experiment was carried out between 2010 and 2012. Effect of plants covering and the kind of organic mulch applied to soil mulching on the yield and selected component of nutritive value in Milady F1 broccoli cultivated for early harvest was investigated. The application of polypropylene fibre contributed to a significant increase in the marketable yield of broccoli on average by 5.25 t/ha, weight of head by 0.10 kg and length of arc by 1.44 cm. Increase of the content of chemical components as a result of plants covering amounted to 1.76% for dry matter, 2.50 mg/100 g fresh matter (FM) for ascorbic acid, 0.65% FM for total sugar and 0.15% FM for monosaccharides. All kinds of straw contributed to an increase in the broccoli yield and improvement its parameters. The highest marketable yield and weight of head was obtained in the plots mulched with buckwheat straw. Irrespective of covering, cultivation on the mulch with buckwheat straw contributed to a slight decrease in dry matter, total sugars content, whereas cultivation on the rye straw decreased ascorbic acid content.

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Some nutritional constituents in bulbs of selected Allium cultivars

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/fhort-2013-0112 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 39-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Leja ◽

Anna Kołton ◽

Iwona Kamińska ◽

Gabriela Wyżgolik ◽

Wojciech Matuszak

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Pyruvic Acid ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Edible Part ◽

Onion Bulbs ◽

Nutritional Constituents

Abstract Two years experiment was carried out to compare the nutritional composition in bulbs of ten onion cultivars grown in the field conditions. Pyruvic acid, ascorbic acid and soluble sugars were determined in the edible part of onion bulbs. In most cultivars the content of pyruvate as the pungency index was ranged between 3-7 μmol g-1 fresh weight (medium pungency), however, three of them exceeded 7 μmol g-1 fresh weight (high pungency). A higher level of pyruvate corresponded in most cases with higher sugar content but was not correlated with that of ascorbic acid.

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