scholarly journals Voicing Landscape Experience: Designing Infrastructural Adjacencies from a Grounded Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Drayton
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Human Scale ◽  
Edge Conditions ◽  
Aerial Perspective

<p>The master-plan released by Wellington Airport calls for growth. The passenger numbers will grow, the airport will grow, the revenue will grow, the local economy will grow, Wellington will grow. However, Wellington International Airport faces the same need as many other airports before it has; more land.<br>The airport suggests expanding the eastern and western apron, a new international terminal, and a 300m extension to the runway stretching south, further into Lyall Bay. At the time of this work, Wellington Airport has withdrawn its proposal to revise to meet new international aviation guidelines but has made clear it will reapply.<br>A common consensus is that the airport landscape is a generic typology, repeated across the globe, with little regard for the pre-existing conditions. Although this disregard to the on-the-ground is not a phenomenon unique to airports, the vast operational configurations of airports elevates these occurrences' impacts. My fieldwork shows that whilst the imposed infrastructure itself may be generic when it is located in a specific location it produces rich variations of local conditions, experiences and behaviours, which are obscured by the greater imposition and have almost entirely been ignored.<br>Wellington Airport, tied in so closely with the city's urban fabric, is a complex problem. Concerns around the expansion, as they always do, focus on then negative impact on the surrounding context. So as Wellington International Airport looks to become that bit more international, how can these expansions be used for the airport to become that bit more local?<br>Instead of making the airport itself more local, perhaps it is more useful to ask, how can the airport become a contributor to locality? The strangeness and oddity of the infrastructural landscape seem to offer something that can highlight the uniqueness of the locality around the airport edge.<br>To explore this, the edge conditions of Wellington Airport offer a unique opportunity. Its urban location and tight physical constraints provide an obscure yet rich set of edge conditions and the suggested expansions to consider; how could these new edges change?<br>Airport landscapes can often become exaggerated and oversized, partly for the benefit of aerial perspective. This investigation narrows attention to the periphery around the airport. This opens up the ability to test designs at the human scale. These spaces are often considered leftover spaces or industrial wasteland, a by-product of the non-place entity that is the airport.<br>However, to describe these places as leftover seems reductivist and a gross over-simplification of the nuanced experienced that they can offer. Exploring these contrasts provides a useful lens to consider the airport as a possible driver of locality.</p>

scholarly journals Voicing Landscape Experience: Designing Infrastructural Adjacencies from a Grounded Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Drayton
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Human Scale ◽  
Edge Conditions ◽  
Aerial Perspective

<p>The master-plan released by Wellington Airport calls for growth. The passenger numbers will grow, the airport will grow, the revenue will grow, the local economy will grow, Wellington will grow. However, Wellington International Airport faces the same need as many other airports before it has; more land.<br>The airport suggests expanding the eastern and western apron, a new international terminal, and a 300m extension to the runway stretching south, further into Lyall Bay. At the time of this work, Wellington Airport has withdrawn its proposal to revise to meet new international aviation guidelines but has made clear it will reapply.<br>A common consensus is that the airport landscape is a generic typology, repeated across the globe, with little regard for the pre-existing conditions. Although this disregard to the on-the-ground is not a phenomenon unique to airports, the vast operational configurations of airports elevates these occurrences' impacts. My fieldwork shows that whilst the imposed infrastructure itself may be generic when it is located in a specific location it produces rich variations of local conditions, experiences and behaviours, which are obscured by the greater imposition and have almost entirely been ignored.<br>Wellington Airport, tied in so closely with the city's urban fabric, is a complex problem. Concerns around the expansion, as they always do, focus on then negative impact on the surrounding context. So as Wellington International Airport looks to become that bit more international, how can these expansions be used for the airport to become that bit more local?<br>Instead of making the airport itself more local, perhaps it is more useful to ask, how can the airport become a contributor to locality? The strangeness and oddity of the infrastructural landscape seem to offer something that can highlight the uniqueness of the locality around the airport edge.<br>To explore this, the edge conditions of Wellington Airport offer a unique opportunity. Its urban location and tight physical constraints provide an obscure yet rich set of edge conditions and the suggested expansions to consider; how could these new edges change?<br>Airport landscapes can often become exaggerated and oversized, partly for the benefit of aerial perspective. This investigation narrows attention to the periphery around the airport. This opens up the ability to test designs at the human scale. These spaces are often considered leftover spaces or industrial wasteland, a by-product of the non-place entity that is the airport.<br>However, to describe these places as leftover seems reductivist and a gross over-simplification of the nuanced experienced that they can offer. Exploring these contrasts provides a useful lens to consider the airport as a possible driver of locality.</p>

Decision-making approach for complex problems management in a scarce human resources environment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcilio Andrade ◽  
Dermeval Carinhana Jr
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This purpose of this study is to structure complex problems to be solved with greater efficiency, optimising the relationship between root causes (RC) relevance of the problem and utilisation of human resources to treat them, minimising the use of manpower in problem-solving activity and thus contributing to greater productivity within organisations. Design/methodology/approach The authors built an approach under the concepts of theory of constraints and multiattribute and multiobjective decision-making methods that were applied in a real complex problem of the low development of Brazilian space industry, by theoretical perspective. Also, the authors submitted it in a simulation environment to assess in which situations it is successful considering number of problem’s RC, system complexity and number of people in the system. Findings The approach was successful on the real case, finding the optimal relationship between the RC relevance and the number of people involved to treat them. For certain complex problem inputs configurations, simulation results reveal that the approach is reliable obtaining more than 95% chance of success in finding the optimal relationship, when comparing with traditional prioritising methods. Originality/value This approach introduces an unprecedented way to locate and evaluate non-physical constraints within a system, which is used to determine RC relevance, as well as an unprecedented way of defining a single optimal solution for structuring a problem, considering the relevance of RC and the use of human resources. The approach is useful for organisations in general which often need managing complex problems with few resources.

scholarly journals Influence of the Arrangement of Mechanical Fasteners on the Static Strength and Fatigue Life of Hybrid Joints

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5308
Author(s):  
Marek Rośkowicz ◽  
Jan Godzimirski ◽  
Andrzej Komorek ◽  
Jarosław Gąsior ◽  
Michał Jasztal
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Static Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Mechanical Joints ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Hybrid Joints ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
And Performance

This paper presents the results of experimental research and numerical calculations regarding the static strength and fatigue life of hybrid joints. In the experiments, specimens built as single-lap adhesive–mechanical joints (hybrid joints) were tested. In a two-stage process of the failure of the hybrid joints, the adhesive joint was damaged first. Therefore, it was assumed that the assembly of fasteners closer to the edge of the overlap (beyond the ranges recommended for mechanical joints) limits the negative impact of the peeling phenomenon on the strength and performance properties of hybrid joints. The specimens used in the experiments were prepared from composite elements (i.e., carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)), as well as from the aluminum alloy 2024T4. Because the detection of fatigue damage in composite materials is a complex problem, computed tomography was used to evaluate the degradation of the composite material. Experimental and numerical comparative analyses of the static strength and fatigue life of hybrid joints with adhesive and mechanical joints confirmed the assumptions made.

Satellite-derived spatiotemporal patterns of environmental changes caused by 2018-2019 wildfires in Arctic-Boreal Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Cherepanova ◽  
Valery Bondur ◽  
Viktor Zamshin ◽  
Natalia Feoktistova
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Local Conditions

&lt;p&gt;Forest fires affect environmental changes both directly, changing the type of land cover, causing local and regional air pollution through emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols, and indirectly through a secondary effect on atmospheric, soil and hydrological processes. The increase in the number and area of uncontrolled wildfires, the degradation of permafrost in high latitude areas leads to a change in the balance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and it results in the negative impact on the Earth&amp;#8217;s climatic system.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study examined the Arctic-Boreal territories of the Russian Federation, where huge forest fires were observed in 2018-2019. In most of these areas, forest fire detection is carried out only by means of the satellite monitoring without aviation support. The sparsely populated and inaccessible territories are a major factor of the rapid spread of fires over large areas. Most of the forest areas in the region are so-called control zones, where the authorities may decide not to extinguish the fires if they do not threaten settlements and economic facilities, and consider the salvation of forests economically unprofitable. However, there is no reliable data on the environmental consequences of large forest fires in the Arctic-Boreal territories.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Satellite monitoring of wildfires provides the detection of fire locations, an assessment of their area and burning time. In our study, we used various indices calculated from remote sensing data for the pre-fire and post-fire periods to identify the spatiotemporal patterns of environmental change caused by large wildfires. The Sentinel 5 TROPOMI time series have been analyzed for the short-term and long-term atmospheric composition anomalies detection caused by forest fires in the region. In the process of comparing the methane concentrations time series for the 2018- 2019 fire seasons the constantly high values anomaly zones were found. We believe that these anomalies are resulting from Sentinel-5 CH4 algorithm constrains, which requires additional work on data validation with relation to the local conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The reported study was funded by RFBR, MOST (China) and DST (India) according to the research project &amp;#8470; 19-55-80021&lt;/p&gt;

Treaties, Borders, and the Partition of Africa

1966 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saadia Touval
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
African Politics ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Contractual Obligation ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Territorial Claims

The article questions the contention that, in the process of partition and the delimitation of borders in Africa, no account was taken of local conditions. The possibility of indirect African influence on the process is examined. At least some of the treaties concluded between Europeans and African rulers were genuine, and regarded as a contractual obligation by both sides. There were cases of African rulers seeking to promote their political interests by entering into an alliance with Europeans. Such treaties were sometimes utilized by European powers in their negotiations with rivals, to support their territorial claims. There were some attempts to define colonial borders so that they coincided with the frontiers of traditional African politics. Thus, treaties between African rulers and Europeans played a role in the process of the partition. In this connexion, it is important to remember that traditional African polities were often polyethnic, or encompassed only a segment of an ethnic group, and did not correspond to the modern European concept of ‘nation states’. There were also occasions in which questions regarding the local economy and communications were considered when borders were delimited. The considerations employed may have been wrong. But it seems necessary to modify the generalization that local circumstances were disregarded in the border-making process.

Factors influencing the sustainability of customary dugong hunting by a remote indigenous community

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONNA KWAN ◽  
HELENE MARSH ◽  
STEVEN DELEAN
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Hunting Activity ◽  
Remote Indigenous Community

The sustainability of indigenous customary hunting and fishing in remote areas can be influenced by human factors operating at global as well as regional and local scales because of the hybrid nature and sectoral interactions of the local economic environment. The internationally significant population of dugongs (Dugong dugon or seacow) in Torres Strait between Australia and Papua New Guinea supports an important indigenous fishery. The economic, socio-cultural and environmental factors that influenced hunting activity in 1998 and 1999 by the members of the community of Mabuiag Island were investigated to inform the sustainable management of the fishery. The landed catch during the eight months March to October of 145 dugongs in 1998 and 170 dugongs in 1999 potentially provided the community with an average of 290 g of dugong meat per person per day. Fifty-seven per cent of adult males on the island participated in dugong hunting, but more than half the catch in each year was caught by only two hunters. The probability of at least one person from the community going dugong hunting in 1998 and 1999 was 0.59 ± 0.02 per day. This probability was influenced by local environmental factors, including the abundance of dugongs in the traditional hunting grounds (affected by wind speed, year, season and lunar day) and the size of the commercial crayfish catch (which is influenced by the global market price, as well as local conditions). Although dugong hunting remains a very important part of the islanders’ contemporary culture and customary economy, the capacity to hunt dugongs is facilitated by the ease with which some hunters move between the state, commercial and customary sectors of their local economy. The complexities of the economic, social and cultural environments need to be considered in planning for the sustainable harvesting of threatened species by remote indigenous communities.

scholarly journals Cultural and Regional Characterictics of Poverty Segregations

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Siptár ◽  
Róbert Tésits ◽  
Levente Alpek
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Know How ◽  
Research Areas

AbstractThe process of segregation is a complex problem affecting both developed and developing states; it is influenced by territorial, historical, demographic and economic impacts. To solve this growing problem, we must know how it is influenced by different factors. In this case, we are able to describe the appropriate strategy. This study examines the characteristics of poverty’s regional segregation in Baranya county, Hungary. It describes and analyses the regularities and correlations at NUTS 3 level and compares four segregated living spaces in different areas of the county. Our theory postulates that segregation has different bases and different attributions according to geographical localisation. Due to the different and well-chosen research areas, this study is able to highlight these aforementioned regional differences and characteristics. According to the results, we create a standardisation system to form the basis for future studies and strategies. After all of the study analyses, the local conditions are categorised based on the previously established standardisation system. The results of this study can help manage the problems of marginalised social groups and territorial segregation and also create a strategy to handle them.

scholarly journals Model pelayanan air bersih perdesaan

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Rini Dorojati ◽  
Nuraini Dwi Astuti ◽  
Hartono Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Provider Group ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
Low Coverage

Low coverage of clean water in Indonesia leads to minimum consumption of clean water with proper health requirement. Increasement of clean water coverage is undergoing an effort from independent community in society. This research aims to find a service model of clean water for group based rural communities. Type of this research is descriptive qualitative, with research object is clean water independent provider group, Oyo Wening Santosa community, in a village called Bunder, district of Patuk, Gunung Kidul. Data was gathered by document utilization, parsitipatory observation, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion. Data was analyzed with qualitative method. This research shows that clean water coverage organized by communiy Oyo Wening is a model of sinergy for organization that was established by concern from society and government support, emerge in a program called “Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum Ibu Kota Kecamatan” (SPAM IKK). There are 1170 households channel subscribers spread across four villages. The service procedures are applied based on local conditions. This service has some drawbacks, namely the limited knowledge of the officer, the legality of which is not owned by the organization, facilities and infrastructure, and the relatively low tarrif, Rp 3,500 per m3. In conclusion, rural water services with the model applied in Oyo Wening Sentosa showed a changing trend in people's access to clean water and the local economy has increased. The legality of the business management of water services should become a priority for the stakeholders to ensure the realization of excellent service in providing clean water.

scholarly journals Landuse Impact On Environment Of Tuti Island, Sudan

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. Ahmed ◽  
Eltoum M. Abd Alla
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Rs And Gis ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Gis And Rs

Environmental study was carried out to describe a geographical area and its biodiversity. The example here shows the features of human nutrition habits and quality of life with specific study of negative impact on the environment and Earth resources.Tuti Island in Sudan was prone to this complex problem so it is taken as a case study. The hypothesis is that the use of RS and GIS could help in reconstruction of unused territories so it could help to solve the problem. Changes of land use and land cover were observed using classified Landsat 5 images in 1972, Landsat 7 in 1985 and Landsat 8 in 2018.The results showed that several temporal changes occurred beside turning dense tree cover land into lands with other landuse purposes for 1972, 1985 and 2018. Agricultural zones (crops and trees) were major dominant zones in 1972, 1985 and 2018. In addition, populated residential areas increased through time but not as significantly as trees, sand and cropping landuse areas (P=0.89082) as for the classified Landsat 8 image acquired in 2018. Ecosystem planning through GIS and RS could be a good way to solve most of these issues for the future of Tuti Island landuse.

scholarly journals “It Is Better to Be a Refugee Than a Turkana in Kakuma”: Revisiting the Relationship between Hosts and Refugees in Kenya

Refuge ◽  
1969 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Ekuru Aukot
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
Refugee Law ◽  
Local Integration ◽  
International Refugee Law ◽  
International Instruments ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Host Relations

The article echoes stories and perceptions of the hosts to the refugees in their day-to-day relations in Kakuma refugee camp with little emphasis on academic abstraction of refugee protection contained in international instruments but rather on the realities on the ground. It is argued that good refugee-host relations enhance refugees’ enjoyment of their rights under the international conventions and promote local integration. The article discusses areas of conflict between refugees and their hosts and how these factors endanger refugees’ physical protection, and it echoes the hosts’ solutions to the conflicts. The failure of local integration is attributed to poor refugee-host relations. Consequently, it is argued that even the enactment of refugee specific legislation “that would give force” to the international conventions will not necessarily improve refugees’ enjoyment of their rights as long as, through a practice of selective compassion by humanitarian agencies and international refugee law, refugees are targeted for assistance without regard to the negative impact on the local economy and its residents.

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