scholarly journals How Can National Competitiveness of Less Developed Countries be Enhanced? : A Case Study of Laos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phoxai Inthaboualy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
The Government

<p>The current literature focuses primarily on the national competitiveness of developed or developing economies. However, minimal research exists on understanding the national competitiveness of less developed countries (LDCs) whose strengths in factor endowments, government institutions and the extent of global integration are not the same as those of developed or developing countries. This study aims to fill this research gap by exploring factors contributing to the competitiveness of Laos. Laos is a small, poor and land-locked country in Southeast Asia with rich natural resources. To achieve the study objectives, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior government officials, industrial representatives, professors and NGOs in Laos. The findings suggest three key factors are critical for enhancing Lao competitiveness: factor endowments, the role of government, and global integration. Laos‘ factor endowments include hydropower, mining, agriculture, garment and textile industries, and services. Laos is interacting more with the global economy as it gets set to embrace membership of the World Trade Organisation after approximately 15 years of membership of ASEAN. The government is playing a critical role by developing Lao factor endowments and developing policies required for global integration. However, the country faces challenges of value addition to the existing natural resources, developing and leveraging human capital, and further improvement in rules and regulations.</p>

scholarly journals How Can National Competitiveness of Less Developed Countries be Enhanced? : A Case Study of Laos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phoxai Inthaboualy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
The Government

<p>The current literature focuses primarily on the national competitiveness of developed or developing economies. However, minimal research exists on understanding the national competitiveness of less developed countries (LDCs) whose strengths in factor endowments, government institutions and the extent of global integration are not the same as those of developed or developing countries. This study aims to fill this research gap by exploring factors contributing to the competitiveness of Laos. Laos is a small, poor and land-locked country in Southeast Asia with rich natural resources. To achieve the study objectives, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior government officials, industrial representatives, professors and NGOs in Laos. The findings suggest three key factors are critical for enhancing Lao competitiveness: factor endowments, the role of government, and global integration. Laos‘ factor endowments include hydropower, mining, agriculture, garment and textile industries, and services. Laos is interacting more with the global economy as it gets set to embrace membership of the World Trade Organisation after approximately 15 years of membership of ASEAN. The government is playing a critical role by developing Lao factor endowments and developing policies required for global integration. However, the country faces challenges of value addition to the existing natural resources, developing and leveraging human capital, and further improvement in rules and regulations.</p>

Australia—The Hidden Jewel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Joshi ◽  
J.R. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Disease

The twenty-first century is being touted as the Asian century. With its stable economy, good governance, education system, and above all the abundant natural resources, will Australia to take its place in the global economy by becoming more entrepreneurial and accelerating its rate of growth, or will it get infected with the so-called Dutch disease? It has been successful in managing trade ties with fast-developing economies like China and India as well as developed countries like the United States. It has participated in the growth of China by providing iron ore and coal. Because it is a low-risk country, it has enabled inflow of large foreign capital investments. A lot will depend on its capability and willingness to invest the capital available in entrepreneurial ventures, its ability to capture the full value chain of natural resources, and to export the finished products instead of raw materials, while building a robust manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals Beyond the Boom: Dependent Development and Political Change in Argentina (2010–2015)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Milcíades Peña ◽  
Matthew Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The integration of Latin American countries into the global economy has historically proceeded through the export of primary commodities, a dependency that has long exposed them to developments in core industrial nations, changing terms of trade, and “resource curse” externalities. However, in the early 2000s, a new commodity boom coincided with the arrival of left-of-centre administrations across the region forwarding post-neoliberal visions of development where extraordinary export rents were destined to expand public spending and progressive welfare policies. While the relationship between Latin America’s left turn and this latest boom has been well-covered in the literature, much less has been said about developments in the 2010s, when the end of that boom sent many of these projects tumbling, fuelling political discontent and facilitating the arrival of conservative administrations in places like Argentina, Brazil, and Ecuador, among others. Thus, this article explores the relationship between global integration and political change by looking at the case of Argentina, and developments during the second presidency of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2011–2015), when falling agricultural commodity prices aggravated social tensions and political conflicts as the government sought to navigate a “governance puzzle” through which it attempted to square high public expectations for revenue redistribution with falling fiscal collection. In particular, we analyse the co-evolution of global economic conditions, macroeconomic disequilibria, and domestic political pressures, considering how this led the government to lock itself into a distributive conflict pattern that dissatisfied both opposition sectors and important segments of its support base. As such, this case study illuminates the structural challenges confronted by governments in developing economies pursuing ambitious developmental and socially-progressive agendas, while elaborating the political implications that current account and fiscal disequilibria may produce in these contexts.

Key Challenges of E-Government Adoption in Less Developed Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Yahya Al Sharief
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Government Program ◽  
Government Project ◽  
The Government

The Government of Saudi Arabia has given a great attention to the e-Government program and the transformation process that leads to the successful implementation of such program in Saudi Arabia. Meanwhile, in recent years e-Government has been the favourable theme for numerous studies and reports. Yet, there is a lack of systematic empirical evidence regarding the key challenges for the e-Government implementation in less developed countries in general and in Saudi Arabia in particular. Consequently, this paper is an exploratory attempt that seeks to analyse the key challenges for implementing e-Government project in Saudi Arabia, as well as to establish the main obstacles to the deployment of such new technology and the associated causes and possible solutions to avoid potential drawbacks and overcome all problems. Using a sample of 50 experts, the author found that trust is the first factor inhibiting wider adoption of e-Government application in Saudi Arabia. The results of this study have major implications for policy makers, as they suggest the notion that the e-Government applications will not work without building a solid trust foundation with citizens.

scholarly journals Why Evangelical Christians Are Supporting International Family Planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiley Henry Mosley
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Evangelical Christians ◽  
Christian Organizations ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
The World ◽  
And Child Health

The article by Monique and Jeffery Wubbenhorst asks the question—Should Evangelical Christian Organizations Support International Family Planning?1 The article’s response to this question shows a lack of understanding of the fundamentals of population dynamics in the modern world as well as of the critical role contraceptives play in preventing unintended pregnancies and abortions and promoting maternal and child health. These errors are compounded by selective citation and misrepresentation of the evidence in the scientific literature. This commentary seeks to provide a balanced view of the evidence and correct several unfounded assertions in order to document why evangelical Christians and Christian organizations are, in fact, providing family planning services around the world. Specific points addressed are as follows: fundamentals of the global demographic transition including how the contraceptive revolution has slowed world population growth; the social, economic, and cultural forces driving couples to choose to control their fertility for the welfare of their families; the critical role of contraceptive practice in preventing unintended pregnancies and abortions as well as directly promoting safe motherhood and child health; the evidence that women and couples in  less-developed countries desire to control their fertility as attested by the measurement of unmet need for family planning; and the reason why failing to provide poor women and couples in  less-developed countries who want to control their fertility with the information and contraceptive methods of their choice is likely to lead to unintended pregnancies and more abortions.  Christian health professionals and organizations need to be in the world, working with people of all belief systems, since that is a powerful way for the world to be reached with the love of Jesus and the gospel of salvation.

scholarly journals Polskie firmy na tle zagranicznych korporacji w dobie globalizacji

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 170-180
Author(s):  
Stanisław Sala
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Dynamic Development ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Qualitative Changes

This article presents the role and the importance of Polish Transnational Corporations (TC) to global economy. Dynamic development of TC can be observed since the beginning of 70s of the 20thcentury. Nowadays TC have huge economic power which generates large profits. Many times incomes of TC are bigger than the value of GDP of less developed countries. Activity of TC is very controversial. On the one hand, present TC should be treated as an answer to qualitative changes which have taken place mainly in the sphere of telecommunication and means of transport, on the other hand, they are the motive power of these changes.Polish corporations are very small in comparison with the foreign ones. We have noticed a great disproportion of worth in comparison with corporations which are on the list of the global 1000 or 2000 biggest-worth corporations on the rising market. If Polish corporations want to catch up with the foreign ones, they must considerably increase the speed of their development.

The need for anti-corruption policies in developing countries

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Brody ◽  
Gaurav Gupta ◽  
Angela N. Ekofo ◽  
Kehinde Mayokun Ogunade
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Laws And Policies

Purpose In this study, the authors examine the issue of corruption in the government institutions of developing countries. Additionally, this study aims to answer the following research question: How do developing countries implement and enforce these anti-corruption policies? Specifically, the authors look at the laws adopted in different developing countries to deal with issues related to corruption. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the qualitative approach to examine the causes of recent corruption among government officials in developing countries such as Nigeria, India, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda. A comparative approach was used to compare and contrast the anti-corruption practices of developing and developed countries. Findings The findings indicate that corruption is rampant in much of the developing world. On a positive note, the authors have found evidence of actions taken by governments in these developing economies to rapidly deal with issues of corruption. All the countries analyzed in this paper have developed anti-corruption policies and related acts to detect and punish the perpetrators of corruption. Originality/value This paper provides a greater insight as to how the anti-corruption policies are formulated and enforced in the developing world. Specifically, the authors provide examples of different emerging countries and their approaches to developing and enforcing anti-corruption policies. This guidance can help others around the world to deal with anti-corruption policies in their countries. Although the authors have learned a lot about the detrimental effects of corruption and laws enacted to combat it, the next step is to examine the processes used by the developing countries to develop these anti-corruption laws and policies.

A substitute for poor institutions? Interorganizational affiliations in the alliance formation process

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Rossmannek ◽  
Olaf N. Rank
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Alliance Formation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Alliance Partners

Purpose This study aims to investigate how the home country institutional development influences the alliance formation process. Design/methodology/approach A network of strategic alliances between 95 airlines over a 5-year period is analyzed with stochastic actor-oriented models [i.e. Simulation investigation for empirical network analysis (SIENA)]. Robustness analyses use a subsample of these airlines over a period of 10 years. Findings The results demonstrate that the membership in a firm group and a high share of state ownership are more beneficial for the number of alliances if the firm originates from a country with low institutional development. Practical implications Firms from less developed countries can use affiliations (e.g. to firm groups or the government) as signals to attract international alliance partners. Social implications Policymakers from less developed countries should support the development of (local) firm groups to stimulate interorganizational cooperation. Originality/value Firms form alliances based on two aspects: preferences for alliance partners and attractiveness to potential partners. Prior studies outlined that institutional development affects the preferences of firms for alliance partners. This study demonstrates how the institutional development influences the attractiveness to potential partners.

China’s Industrial Development Strategies and Policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Justin Yifu Lin ◽  
Jianjun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Learning Capacity ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Indigenous Innovation ◽  
The Government

China has adopted a transition strategy and industrial policies pragmatically according to its economic reality since the reform and opening up started in 1979. The organic combination of an effective market with a facilitating state was the main reason for the success of China’s economy in the past four decades. In the process of China’s economic development, industrial policies have played a crucial role in both industrial upgrading and technological progress. Relying on the comparative advantage—following strategy, China has fully utilized its latecomer advantage. Chinese enterprises learn advanced technologies from developed countries when the opportunities exist and do indigenous innovation when needed. Pragmatism and learning capacity has been the most important endowments and comparative advantages of the Chinese government and enterprises. With learning capacity, the government and enterprises can pragmatically explore the comparative advantage of the existing factor endowments and convert latent comparative advantages into competitive advantages to promote continuous transformation, upgrading, and sustainable development.

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