scholarly journals Mindful Manifestation: From EEG to Virtual Reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Duong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Immersive Virtual Environment ◽  
Visual Scripting ◽  
A Minor

<p>Throughout millennia, the human mind has been attributed to the advancements of human society today. Architecture, likewise, a result of human wit and intelligence. This research takes a particular interest in the architecture that is, pre-conceived before its existence. From the inception of this research, it began with a particular interest in this design process, or creative. The objective, to develop a means for people to design using their mental imagination. The objective, while novel and realistic, demonstrate itself to be highly challenging in its enormous complexity. The investigation focuses now settles towards the development of an “integrated foundational” brain-computer interface (BCI) to design architecture through meaningful and intentional design interactions through human brain activities in real-time inside an immersive virtual environment.  The research methodology deploys the conglomeration of the following of hardware:  • 14-Channel EPOC+ electroencephalograph (EEG) headset (a brain electrical activity detector) • High-end computer with VR capable graphics card • HTC Vive Virtual Reality (VR) Headset  In terms of software, CortexUI, a cloud-based platform to stream live EEG data, Grasshopper (GH), a commonly used architectural visual scripting plugin software, followed by Unity, a commonly used tool to develop interactive VR/3D environment. The user shall be wearing both EEG and the HMD to interactive with the presented material.  The EEG is used to detect brain activities through its electrodes measuring variation in of electrical potential caused by passing signals sent within the brain’s neurons. These raw data are transferred into Grasshopper in numerical forms, where these data are inputs to manipulate a series of pre-defined forms and interactions in Grasshopper, a plugin in Rhino software. The translation process involved data manipulation for desired design interaction, which altered the abstracted formal qualities of locations, scales, rotations, geometries and colours, with a minor implementation of certain artificial neural networks (ANN) within a design environment context. Virtual Reality consequently performs as a visualisation tool and immersing the user within that design interaction as well as become a design feedback tool. The user is stimulated to generate various design variations and able to capture that result in Rhino through baking the design in Grasshopper. The exported geometries act as an abstracted visualisation of the BCI system’s user’s mental state at that point in time.  The research outcome exceeded the aims & objectives from its “foundational” status in its ability to harbour multiple design interactive scenarios. However, there are considerable technical limitations and room for future research within this experiment, all of which shall be mentioned within the discussion section of this inquiry. A technical understanding and overall framework have been developed as a result of this study, tending towards creating a BCI-VR system to design architecture directly from the human imagination from the mind’s eye.</p>

scholarly journals Mindful Manifestation: From EEG to Virtual Reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Duong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Immersive Virtual Environment ◽  
Visual Scripting ◽  
A Minor

<p>Throughout millennia, the human mind has been attributed to the advancements of human society today. Architecture, likewise, a result of human wit and intelligence. This research takes a particular interest in the architecture that is, pre-conceived before its existence. From the inception of this research, it began with a particular interest in this design process, or creative. The objective, to develop a means for people to design using their mental imagination. The objective, while novel and realistic, demonstrate itself to be highly challenging in its enormous complexity. The investigation focuses now settles towards the development of an “integrated foundational” brain-computer interface (BCI) to design architecture through meaningful and intentional design interactions through human brain activities in real-time inside an immersive virtual environment.  The research methodology deploys the conglomeration of the following of hardware:  • 14-Channel EPOC+ electroencephalograph (EEG) headset (a brain electrical activity detector) • High-end computer with VR capable graphics card • HTC Vive Virtual Reality (VR) Headset  In terms of software, CortexUI, a cloud-based platform to stream live EEG data, Grasshopper (GH), a commonly used architectural visual scripting plugin software, followed by Unity, a commonly used tool to develop interactive VR/3D environment. The user shall be wearing both EEG and the HMD to interactive with the presented material.  The EEG is used to detect brain activities through its electrodes measuring variation in of electrical potential caused by passing signals sent within the brain’s neurons. These raw data are transferred into Grasshopper in numerical forms, where these data are inputs to manipulate a series of pre-defined forms and interactions in Grasshopper, a plugin in Rhino software. The translation process involved data manipulation for desired design interaction, which altered the abstracted formal qualities of locations, scales, rotations, geometries and colours, with a minor implementation of certain artificial neural networks (ANN) within a design environment context. Virtual Reality consequently performs as a visualisation tool and immersing the user within that design interaction as well as become a design feedback tool. The user is stimulated to generate various design variations and able to capture that result in Rhino through baking the design in Grasshopper. The exported geometries act as an abstracted visualisation of the BCI system’s user’s mental state at that point in time.  The research outcome exceeded the aims & objectives from its “foundational” status in its ability to harbour multiple design interactive scenarios. However, there are considerable technical limitations and room for future research within this experiment, all of which shall be mentioned within the discussion section of this inquiry. A technical understanding and overall framework have been developed as a result of this study, tending towards creating a BCI-VR system to design architecture directly from the human imagination from the mind’s eye.</p>

The application of virtual reality in health professions� digital education: a narrative review (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Tudor Car ◽  
Bhone Myint Kyaw ◽  
Josip Car
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Health Professions Education ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Educational Content ◽  
Potential Applications

BACKGROUND Digital technology called Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly employed in health professions’ education. Yet, based on the current evidence, its use is narrowed around a few most applications and disciplines. There is a lack of an overview that would capture the diversity of different VR applications in health professions’ education and inform its use and research. OBJECTIVE This narrative review aims to explore different potential applications of VR in health professions’ education. METHODS The narrative synthesis approach to literature review was used to analyse the existing evidence. RESULTS We outline the role of VR features such as immersion, interactivity and feedback and explain the role of VR devices. Based on the type and scope of educational content VR can represent space, individuals, objects, structures or their combination. Application of VR in medical education encompasses environmental, organ and micro level. Environmental VR focuses on training in relation to health professionals’ environment and human interactions. Organ VR educational content targets primarily human body anatomy; and micro VR microscopic structures at the level of cells, molecules and atoms. We examine how different VR features and health professional education areas match these three VR types. CONCLUSIONS We conclude by highlighting the gaps in the literature and providing suggestions for future research.

Preservice Teachers’ Professional Noticing When Viewing Standard and 360 Video

2020 ◽  
pp. 002248712093954
Author(s):  
Karl W. Kosko ◽  
Richard E. Ferdig ◽  
Maryam Zolfaghari
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Teacher Noticing ◽  
Professional Noticing ◽  
Novel Technology

Use of video as a representation of practice in teacher education is commonplace. The current study explored the use of a new format (360 video) in the context of preservice teachers’ professional noticing. Findings suggest that preservice teachers viewing 360 videos attended to more student actions than their peers viewing standard video. In addition, using a virtual reality headset to view the 360 videos led to different patterns in where preservice teachers looked in the recorded classroom, and to increased specificity of mathematics content from the scenario. Thus, findings and results support the use of 360 video in teacher education to facilitate teacher noticing. However, future research is needed to further explore this novel technology.

scholarly journals Cybersickness in current-generation virtual reality head-mounted displays: systematic review and outlook

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polona Caserman ◽  
Augusto Garcia-Agundez ◽  
Alvar Gámez Zerban ◽  
Stefan Göbel
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Head Mounted Displays ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Golden Standard

AbstractCybersickness (CS) is a term used to refer to symptoms, such as nausea, headache, and dizziness that users experience during or after virtual reality immersion. Initially discovered in flight simulators, commercial virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays (HMD) of the current generation also seem to cause CS, albeit in a different manner and severity. The goal of this work is to summarize recent literature on CS with modern HMDs, to determine the specificities and profile of immersive VR-caused CS, and to provide an outlook for future research areas. A systematic review was performed on the databases IEEE Xplore, PubMed, ACM, and Scopus from 2013 to 2019 and 49 publications were selected. A summarized text states how different VR HMDs impact CS, how the nature of movement in VR HMDs contributes to CS, and how we can use biosensors to detect CS. The results of the meta-analysis show that although current-generation VR HMDs cause significantly less CS ($$p<0.001$$ p < 0.001 ), some symptoms remain as intense. Further results show that the nature of movement and, in particular, sensory mismatch as well as perceived motion have been the leading cause of CS. We suggest an outlook on future research, including the use of galvanic skin response to evaluate CS in combination with the golden standard (Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, SSQ) as well as an update on the subjective evaluation scores of the SSQ.

scholarly journals Application of Eye Tracking Technology in Aviation, Maritime, and Construction Industries: A Systematic Review

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4289
Author(s):  
Daniel Martinez-Marquez ◽  
Sravan Pingali ◽  
Kriengsak Panuwatwanich ◽  
Rodney A. Stewart ◽  
Sherif Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mental Performance ◽  
Medical Scientist ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Attention Failure ◽  
Demographic Distribution

Most accidents in the aviation, maritime, and construction industries are caused by human error, which can be traced back to impaired mental performance and attention failure. In 1596, Du Laurens, a French anatomist and medical scientist, said that the eyes are the windows of the mind. Eye tracking research dates back almost 150 years and it has been widely used in different fields for several purposes. Overall, eye tracking technologies provide the means to capture in real time a variety of eye movements that reflect different human cognitive, emotional, and physiological states, which can be used to gain a wider understanding of the human mind in different scenarios. This systematic literature review explored the different applications of eye tracking research in three high-risk industries, namely aviation, maritime, and construction. The results of this research uncovered the demographic distribution and applications of eye tracking research, as well as the different technologies that have been integrated to study the visual, cognitive, and attentional aspects of human mental performance. Moreover, different research gaps and potential future research directions were highlighted in relation to the usage of additional technologies to support, validate, and enhance eye tracking research to better understand human mental performance.

scholarly journals Rear-Seat Productivity in Virtual Reality: Investigating VR Interaction in the Confined Space of a Car

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Jingyi Li ◽  
Ceenu George ◽  
Andrea Ngao ◽  
Kai Holländer ◽  
Stefan Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Physical Restraints ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Research And Design

Ubiquitous technology lets us work in flexible and decentralised ways. Passengers can already use travel time to be productive, and we envision even better performance and experience in vehicles with emerging technologies, such as virtual reality (VR) headsets. However, the confined physical space constrains interactions while the virtual space may be conceptually borderless. We therefore conducted a VR study (N = 33) to examine the influence of physical restraints and virtual working environments on performance, presence, and the feeling of safety. Our findings show that virtual borders make passengers touch the car interior less, while performance and presence are comparable across conditions. Although passengers prefer a secluded and unlimited virtual environment (nature), they are more productive in a shared and limited one (office). We further discuss choices for virtual borders and environments, social experience, and safety responsiveness. Our work highlights opportunities and challenges for future research and design of rear-seat VR interaction.

scholarly journals The effect of water immersion on vection in virtual reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Géraldine Fauville ◽  
Anna C. M. Queiroz ◽  
Erika S. Woolsey ◽  
Jonathan W. Kelly ◽  
Jeremy N. Bailenson
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Visually Induced Motion Sickness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
Ground Condition ◽  
The Impact

AbstractResearch about vection (illusory self-motion) has investigated a wide range of sensory cues and employed various methods and equipment, including use of virtual reality (VR). However, there is currently no research in the field of vection on the impact of floating in water while experiencing VR. Aquatic immersion presents a new and interesting method to potentially enhance vection by reducing conflicting sensory information that is usually experienced when standing or sitting on a stable surface. This study compares vection, visually induced motion sickness, and presence among participants experiencing VR while standing on the ground or floating in water. Results show that vection was significantly enhanced for the participants in the Water condition, whose judgments of self-displacement were larger than those of participants in the Ground condition. No differences in visually induced motion sickness or presence were found between conditions. We discuss the implication of this new type of VR experience for the fields of VR and vection while also discussing future research questions that emerge from our findings.

Investigating a Virtual Reality-based Emergency Response Scenario and Intelligent User Interface for First Responders

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 2114-2118
Author(s):  
Randall Spain ◽  
Jason Saville ◽  
Barry Lui ◽  
Donia Slack ◽  
Edward Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intelligent User Interfaces ◽  
Intelligent User Interface

Because advances in broadband capabilities will soon allow first responders to access and use many forms of data when responding to emergencies, it is becoming critically important to design heads-up displays to present first responders with information in a manner that does not induce extraneous mental workload or cause undue interaction errors. Virtual reality offers a unique medium for envisioning and testing user interface concepts in a realistic and controlled environment. In this paper, we describe a virtual reality-based emergency response scenario that was designed to support user experience research for evaluating the efficacy of intelligent user interfaces for firefighters. We describe the results of a usability test that captured firefighters’ feedback and reactions to the VR scenario and the prototype intelligent user interface that presented them with task critical information through the VR headset. The paper concludes with lessons learned from our development process and a discussion of plans for future research.

The role of heredity in cancer.

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
E G Levine ◽  
R A King ◽  
C D Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Familial Cancer ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
A Minor

Heredity is generally felt to play a minor role in the development of cancer. This review critically examines this assumption. Topics discussed include evidence for heritable predisposition in animals and humans; the potential importance of genetic-environmental interactions; approaches that are being used to successfully locate genes responsible for heritable predisposition; comparability of genetic findings among heritable and corresponding sporadic malignancies; and future research directions. Breast, colon, and lung cancer are used to exemplify clinical and research activity in familial cancer; clinical phenotypes, segregation and linkage analyses, models for environmental interactions with inherited traits, and molecular mechanisms of tumor development are discussed. We conclude that the contribution of heredity to the cancer burden is greater than generally accepted, and that study of heritable predisposition will continue to reveal carcinogenic mechanisms important to the development of all cancers.

scholarly journals Visualizing molecular structures and shapes: a comparison of virtual reality, computer simulation, and traditional modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina E. Brown ◽  
Ben Whaley ◽  
Richard M. Hyslop
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Chemistry Education ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Molecular Geometry ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chemistry Students ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Students Attitudes

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three methods used to assist in teaching molecular geometry to college chemistry students. A pre- and post-test quasi-experiment was used to collect data about students’ performance in a given chemistry exercise. One research question was intended to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the three methods in assisting students to understand the topic and carry out the exercise correctly, and a second research question addressed students’ attitudes towards the use of Virtual Reality (VR) in chemistry education. Results show a positive attitude towards the use of VR as an assisting tool to aid in understanding chemistry concepts. While the difference among the three methods was not significant, the results show that the VR brought more enthusiasm and positive attitudes toward the topic of molecular geometry among the students. Educational implications and recommendations for future research are presented as well.

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