scholarly journals Anti-fatigue effect of L-arginine complex preparation on mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Tan ◽  
Xiaodong Dong ◽  
Junfeng Zhai ◽  
Yaxian Gu ◽  
Honghui Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Fatigue Effect ◽  
Complex Preparation

Objective: To investigate the anti-fatigue effect of L-arginine complex preparation on mice. Methods: The experimental mice were divided into a blank group, low dose group, medium dose group and high dose group. L-arginine complex preparation mice were intragastrically administered for 30 days, and the mice were tested for exhaustive swimming time. At the same time, contents of plasma lactic acid, lactate dehydrogenase, urea nitrogen and hepatic glycogen were measured. Results: Compared with the blank control group, the weight-bearing swimming time and hypoxia-tolerant survival time of the low, middle and high dose groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). Whereas, the serum urea nitrogen levels and lactose content were significantly decreased (P<0.05). However, compared with the blank control group, the liver glycogen content of the middle and high dose groups was increased significantly (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the low dose group. Conclusion: The L-arginine complex preparation has an anti-fatigue function in mice.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of Anti-fatigue Effect and Movement Ability of Blueberry Polysaccharides on Aged Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Bai Bo
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Fatigue Effect ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Group A

The article introduces functions as well as extraction and purification of polysaccharides, and the effect of blueberry polysaccharides (BPs) on movement endurance, anti-fatigue capacity and related physiological indexes in aged mice induced by D-galactose is going to be investigated. The method of water extract-alcohol precipitation is used in the experiment to extract polysaccharides from blueberries, and in-vitro oxidation resistance and bacteriostasis of polysaccharides are studied after preliminary purification so as to provide a reference for the production and application of blueberry polysaccharides. Mice are randomly divided into a normal control group, an aged model group, a BP low-dose group, a BP medium-dose group, and a BP high-dose group. After the administration of BPs for 20 consecutive days, the exhaustive swimming time and fatigue indexes are determined. The results show that BPs could prolong the exhaustive swimming time, decrease the content of BUN, BLA and MDA, and obviously increase the activity of HG, MG, SOD and LDH. To conclude, BPs have good anti-fatigue effect. This study may provide theoretical evidence for the development of anti-fatigue drugs from BPs.

The Study of Interference with Ruyanneixiao Cream on Hemorheology and Mammary Microcirculation of Mammary Precancer Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1789-1793
Author(s):  
Gui Juan Zhang ◽  
De Hui Li ◽  
Rui Liao ◽  
Bi Zhu Tan ◽  
Yu Bin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Whole Blood Viscosity ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
The Status

Objective: to probe the interference of Ruyanneixiao cream for hemorheology and mammary microcirculation of mammary precancer rats. Methods: 48 virginal female SD rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups, A: Blank control group (8); B: Mammary precancer model group (8); C: Tamoxifen (TAM) group (8); D: High dose group of Ruyanneixiao cream (8); E: Middle dose group of Ruyanneixiao cream (8); F: Low dose group of Ruyanneixiao cream (8). The changes of hemorheology and mammary microcirculation were recorded when the rats were executed after 60d. Result: compared with the Blank control group, the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity of mammary precancer model group was higher (P<0.05) and the perfusion of mammary microcirculation was lower (P<0.01). Compared with mammary precancer model group, the hemorheological parameters and perfusion of mammary microcirculation of each dose group of Ruyanneixiao cream were improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: Ruyanneixiao cream can improve the status of hemorheology, increase the perfusion of mammary microcirculation. And it may be one of mechanism to treat and prevent mammary precancer disease.

scholarly journals Newly Developed Recombinant Antithrombin Protects the Endothelial Glycocalyx in an Endotoxin-Induced Rat Model of Sepsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Iba ◽  
Jerrold H. Levy ◽  
Koichiro Aihara ◽  
Katsuhiko Kadota ◽  
Hiroshi Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
High Dose Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Circulating Levels

(1) Background: The endothelial glycocalyx is a primary target during the early phase of sepsis. We previously reported a newly developed recombinant non-fucosylated antithrombin has protective effects in vitro. We further evaluated the effects of this recombinant antithrombin on the glycocalyx damage in an animal model of sepsis. (2) Methods: Following endotoxin injection, in Wistar rats, circulating levels of hyaluronan, syndecan-1 and other biomarkers were evaluated in low-dose or high-dose recombinant antithrombin-treated animals and a control group (n = 7 per group). Leukocyte adhesion and blood flow were evaluated with intravital microscopy. The glycocalyx was also examined using side-stream dark-field imaging. (3) Results: The activation of coagulation was inhibited by recombinant antithrombin, leukocyte adhesion was significantly decreased, and flow was better maintained in the high-dose group (both p < 0.05). Circulating levels of syndecan-1 (p < 0.01, high-dose group) and hyaluronan (p < 0.05, low-dose group; p < 0.01, high-dose group) were significantly reduced by recombinant antithrombin treatment. Increases in lactate and decreases in albumin levels were significantly attenuated in the high-dose group (p < 0.05, respectively). The glycocalyx thickness was reduced over time in control animals, but the derangement was attenuated and microvascular perfusion was better maintained in the high-dose group recombinant antithrombin group (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Recombinant antithrombin maintained vascular integrity and the microcirculation by preserving the glycocalyx in this sepsis model, effects that were more prominent with high-dose therapy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the BDNF, NGF, NT3 and NT4 Genes Expressions in the Brains of Neonatal Mice with Hypothyroidism

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Adeli Bhroz ◽  
Kazem Parivar ◽  
Iraj Amiri ◽  
Nasim Hayati Roodbari
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Brain

Background and Aim: Thyroid is one of the endocrine glands, (T3 and T4) play a significant role in the development of prenatal brain and the following stages. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of hypothyroidism on the amount of expression of NT4, NT3, nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain of one-day rat neonates with hypothyroidism.Materials and Methods: In total, 25 mature mice of Albino NMRI race were selected after mating, divided into three group, control, as well as low-dose and high-dose intervention groups. Samples of the control group received pure water during pregnancy, whereas subjects of the intervention group with low and high doses of the medication were administered with 20 mg and 100 mg methimazole powder (dissolved in 100 cc water), respectively. After child delivery, blood samples were obtained from mother mice to determine the level of T3 and T4 in blood serum. Following that, the brain of one-day mice were removed by surgery and assessed to determine the amount of expression of NT4, NT3, NGF and BDNF using the complete kit of RT-PCR.Results: Levels of T4 and T3 in the control group were 28 ug/dl and 1.59 ug/dl, respectively. In the low-dose intervention group, the amounts of the mentioned hormones were 8 ug/dl and 0.85 ug/dl, significantly, indicating a significant reduction in the expression of NT4, NT3, NGF and BDNF genes, compared to the control group. Moreover, T4 and T3 were 6 ug/dl and 0.79 ug/dl in the high-dose group, respectively, conveying a significant decrease in the expression of NT4, NT3, NGF and BDNF genes, compared to the control group (P<0.05).

scholarly journals Effect of Astragalus membranaceus Oral Solution on Lifespan and Learning and Memory Ability of Honey Bees

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tao Hong ◽  
Long-Xue Li ◽  
Xiao-ping Han ◽  
Jing-liang Shi ◽  
Cai-yun Dan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Oral Solution ◽  
Astragalus Membranaceus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

In this study, the effects of Astragalus membranaceus oral solution on lifespan and learning and memory abilities of honey bees were evaluated. Two groups of bees were fed with sucrose syrup (50%) containing low dose (1.33%) and high dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus oral solution, respectively. The proboscis extension response (PER) analysis was applied to examine the learning and memory capabilities of bees. Two genes related to memory formation in honey bees were determined by real-time PCR. High dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus significantly decreased the mean lifespan of bees compared to the bees fed with low dose (1.33%) and control bees. No significant differences in lifespan of bees were found between low-dose-fed bees and control bees. The results of PER experiments showed apparent improvement in the memorizing ability of the high-dose group (in comparison with the control group). Moreover, the relative expression levels of Nmdar1 in the low-dose group and control group were significantly lower than those in the high-dose group. It is preliminarily concluded that A. membranaceus has an adverse effect on the mean lifespan of honey bees but might be helpful in strengthening memories.

scholarly journals Gingerol inhibits cisplatin-induced acute and delayed emesis in rats and minks by regulating the central and peripheral 5-HT, SP, and DA systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Tian ◽  
Weibin Qian ◽  
Qiuhai Qian ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xinrui Cai
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Delayed Emesis ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Gingerol, a biologically active component in ginger, has shown antiemetic properties. Our study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of gingerol on protecting rats and minks from chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The preventive impact of gingerol was evaluated in the pica model of rats and the vomiting model of minks induced by cisplatin at every 6 h continuously for a duration of 72 h. Animals were arbitrarily separated into blank control group, simple gingerol control group, cisplatin control group, cisplatin + metoclopramide group, cisplatin + three different doses gingerol group (low-dose; middle-dose; high-dose). The area postrema as well as ileum damage were assessed using H&E stain. The levels of 5-TH, 5-HT3 receptor, TPH, SERT, SP, NK1 receptor, PPT, NEP, DA, D2R, TH, and DAT were determined using immunohistochemistry or qRT-PCR in rats and minks. All indicators were measured in the area postrema along with ileum. The kaolin intake by rats and the incidence of CINV of minks were significantly decreased after pretreatment with gingerol in a dosage-dependent way for the duration of 0–24-h and 24–72-h. Gingerol markedly decreased the levels of 5-TH, 5-HT3 receptor, TPH, SP, NK1 receptor, PPT, DA, D2R, TH, alleviated area postrema as well as ileum damage, and increased the accumulation of SERT, NEP, DAT in the area postrema along with ileum of rats and minks. Gingerol alleviates cisplatin-induced kaolin intake of rats and emesis of minks possibly by regulating central and peripheral 5-HT system, SP system and DA system. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals The Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum BW2013 on The Gut Microbiota in Mice Analyzed by 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
TONG TONG ◽  
XIAOHUI NIU ◽  
QIAN LI ◽  
YUXI LING ◽  
ZUMING LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Medium Dose

Lactobacillus plantarum BW2013 was isolated from the fermented Chinese cabbage. This study aimed to test the effect of this strain on the gut microbiota in BALB/c mice by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The mice were randomly allocated to the control group and three treatment groups of L. plantarum BW2013 (a low-dose group of 108 CFU/ml, a medium-dose group of 109 CFU/ml, and a high-dose group of 1010 CFU/ml). The weight of mice was recorded once a week, and the fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing after 28 days of continuous treatment. Compared with the control group, the body weight gain in the treatment groups was not significant. The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis showed that both the Chao1 and ACE indexes increased slightly in the medium-dose group compared to the control group, but the difference was not significant. Based on PCoA results, there was no significant difference in β diversity between the treatment groups. Compared to the control group, the abundance of Bacteroidetes increased in the low-dose group. The abundance of Firmicutes increased in the medium-dose group. At the genus level, the abundance of Alloprevotella increased in the low-dose group compared to the control group. The increased abundance of Ruminococcaceae and decreased abundance of Candidatus_Saccharimonas was observed in the medium-dose group. Additionally, the abundance of Bacteroides increased, and Alistipes and Candidatus_Saccharimonas decreased in the high-dose group. These results indicated that L. plantarum BW2013 could ameliorate gut microbiota composition, but its effects vary with the dose.

Effect of High or Low Dose Phenoxybenzamine on Per-Operative Hemodynamics in Pheochromocytoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi Ugleholdt ◽  
Åse Krogh Rasmussen ◽  
Pernille Agnete Heldager Haderslev ◽  
Bjarne Kromann-Andersen ◽  
Claus Larsen Feltoft
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dose Regimen ◽  
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Dose Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Intravenous Fluids ◽  
Preoperative Treatment

Abstract Background. Alpha-receptor blockade is the mainstay in preoperative treatment of patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). However, evidence regarding optimal dosage regimen is lacking. This study compares the per- and postoperative hemodynamics in patients pre-treated with a high or low dose of phenoxybenzamine. Methods. 30 consecutive patients with PPGL undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy were identified retrospectively. All were pretreated with phenoxybenzamine but at two separate endocrine departments aiming at different blood pressure target. End-dosage of phenoxybenzamine differed significantly between departments with 14 patients receiving a high dose regimen and 16 a low dose regimen. As a control group, we included 42 patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy for other reasons. Primary purpose was to compare per- and postoperative hemodynamics in the high and low dose groups. Secondly, to compare these endpoints to the control group. Results. Baseline characteristics did not differ between the phenoxybenzamine treated groups. The high dose group had less intra-operative systolic and diastolic blood pressure fluctuation (p = 0.03) and less periods with heart rate above 100 bpm (p = 0.04) as compared to the low dose group. Use of intravenous fluids were similar between the two groups. However, postoperatively, more intravenous fluids were administered in the high dose group. Overall, the control group was more hemodynamic stable as compared to either group treated for PPGL. Conclusions. High dose phenoxybenzamine improves per-operative hemodynamic stability but causes a higher postoperative requirement for intravenous fluids. Overall, PPGL surgery is related to greater hemodynamic instability compared to adrenalectomy for other reasons.

scholarly journals Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with rheumatic diseases receiving prolonged, non-high-dose steroids—clinical implication of primary prophylaxis using trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Won Park ◽  
Jeffrey R. Curtis ◽  
Min Jung Kim ◽  
Hajeong Lee ◽  
Yeong Wook Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Medium Dose

Abstract Objectives To investigate the incidence of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and its risk factors in patients with rheumatic disease receiving non-high-dose steroid treatment, along with the risks and benefits of PCP prophylaxis. Methods This study included 28,292 treatment episodes with prolonged (≥ 4 weeks), non-high-dose steroids (low dose [< 15 mg/day, n = 27,227] and medium dose [≥ 15 to < 30 mg/day, n = 1065], based on prednisone) over a 14-year period. Risk factors for PCP and prophylactic effect of trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) were investigated if the 1-year incidence rate (IR) of PCP in each dose group was > 0.1/100 person-years. Cox regression with LASSO was used for analysis. Results One-year PCP IR in the low-dose group was 0.01 (95% CI 0.001–0.03)/100 person-years, and only the medium-dose group showed eligible PCP IR for further analysis. In the medium-dose group, prophylactic TMP-SMX was administered in 45 treatment episodes while other episodes involved no prophylaxis (prophylaxis group vs. control group). In 1018.0 person-years, 5 PCP cases occurred exclusively in the control group, yielding an IR of 0.5 (0.2–1.2)/100 person-years. Concomitant steroid-pulse treatment and baseline lymphopenia were the most significant risk factors for PCP. Treatment episodes with at least one of these factors (n = 173, high-risk subgroup) showed higher 1-year PCP IR (3.4 (1.1–8.0)/100 person-years), while no PCP occurred in other treatment episodes. TMP-SMX numerically reduced the risk (adjusted HR = 0.2 (0.001–2.3)) in the high-risk subgroup. The IR of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) related to TMP-SMX was 41.5 (22.3–71.6)/100 person-years, including one serious ADR. The number needed to treat with TMP-SMX to prevent one PCP in the high-risk subgroup (31 (17–226)) was lower than the number needed to harm by serious ADR (45 (15–∞)). Conclusion Incidence of PCP in patients with rheumatic diseases receiving prolonged, medium-dose steroids depends on the presence of risk factors. Prophylactic TMP-SMX may have greater benefit than potential risk in the high-risk subgroup.

Relationship between myocardial amiodarone concentration and antiarrhythmic effect in dogs with myocardial infarction and electrically induced ventricular arrhythmias

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoshiar Abdollah ◽  
F. James Brennan ◽  
Sandra Jimmo ◽  
James F. Brien
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Effect ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose

The relationship between the antiarrhythmic effect of amiodarone and its myocardial concentration was studied in dogs with 1-week-old myocardial infarction and reproducibly inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Three groups of animals (n = 10/group) received amiodarone, 40 mg∙kg−1∙day−1 (low-dose amiodarone), amiodarone 60 mg∙kg−1∙day−1 (high-dose amiodarone), or no amiodarone (control group). After 1 week of treatment, programmed electrical stimulation was repeated, and plasma and myocardial amiodarone and desethylamiodarone concentrations were measured. In the control group, sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation was induced in six dogs (p = NS) when compared with baseline data. In the low-dose amiodarone group, sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation was induced only in two dogs after 1 week of treatment (p < 0.01 vs. baseline data). Sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation was induced in seven dogs after treatment with high-dose amiodarone (p = NS vs. baseline data). Plasma amiodarone concentration in the low-dose amiodarone group (2.54 ± 1.9 μg/mL) was significantly less (p < 0.01) than that in the high-dose amiodarone group (4.64 ± 1.66 μg/mL). Similarly, the plasma desethylamiodarone in the low-dose amiodarone group (0.32 ± 0.16 μg/mL) was significantly less (p < 0.001) than that in the high-amiodarone dose group (0.56 ± 0.23 μg/mL). The myocardial amiodarone concentration in the low-dose amiodarone group (49.7 ± 23.1 μg/g) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than that in the high-dose group (98.4 ± 32.1 μg/g). There was no significant difference in the myocardial desethylamiodarone concentrations between the two treatment groups (25.1 ± 12.2 μg/g in the low-dose amiodarione group vs. 37.4 ± 16.4 μg/g in the high-dose amiodarone group). These data show that the high-dose amiodarone regimen, which produced high myocardial amiodarone concentration, didn't suppress sustained ventricular arrhythmias.Key words: amiodarone, ventricular arrhythmias, plasma and myocardial drug concentrations.

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