Positive Impact of Exergaming on Recovery from Stress and Metabolic Equivalent of Tasks for Athletes and Gamers (on the Example of Outdoor Mobile Games)

The research focuses on exergaming as an instrument of physical traning for stress tolerance. The purpose of the study is to determine the positive effect of exergaming on two criteria: 1) on stress resistance based on root mean square of successive differences (speed of recovery after physical stress); 2) to combat obesity on the basis of metabolic equivalent of task. The main difference between simple gamer and professional sportsman reaction to the exergaming was developed. For example, exergaming is one of the best types of unloading workout for sportsman and one of the best motivator for more intence workout for simple exergamer. The main categories of exergames classification were reviewed in economic and scientific context of the exergame industry. Main exergaming types include: home, medical, dance and bike exergaming, connect emulation of the sport, role-playing game with gamercize-control and outdoor mobile games. Materials and methods. Nineteen competitions of dance exergaming (World Pump Festival and Just Dance) and eSports League discipline of bike exergaming (Zwift) have been identified in aspects of cybersports. This article is confirmed in 2 experimental researches about: 1) metabolic equivalent of task in main exergaming types and outdoor mobile games in particular; 2) speed of recovery after physical stress. Study of metabolic equivalent of task for the exterior mobile games is based on Ukraine Niantic games community survey (190 members). Results and discussion. Average playing experience for the Niantic games (Ingress, Pokémon Go and Harry Potter: Wizards Unite) community was 4 years (59% ≤5 years and 41% >5 years). The distance travelled during this time was about 7429 kilometers (32% passed more than 10,000 km). Metabolic equivalent of task and body heat balance was modelled on the basis of the survey data and metabolic WHO constants and body heat constants of ANSI standart. Exterior games take 5.65 kkal to 1 kg per 1 day, home fitness exergaming (Power Pad, Let's Yoga, Personal Trainer: Walking) takes 7.14 kkal to 1 kg per 1 day, dance exergames take 7.14-10 kkal to 1 kg per 1 day. In the body heat equivalent, this is 4.1 times more than at rest for home-fitness videogames, 5.75 times more than at rest for dance exergaming and 1.84-2.59 times more than at rest for exterior mobile exergames. Conclusion. Based on the indicators of root mean square of successive differences with the help of Energy Health free platform, the first stage of the research on the influence of outdoor exergames on the formation of stress tolerance was held. Root mean square of successive differences monitoring was carried out for 20 participants (10 Black Sea State University volleyball team members and 10 Niantic game community members). An increase in root mean square of successive differences was recorded for 80% of gamers and 60% of athletes. Moreover, the novelty factor acted precisely in athletes, which indicates long-term effectiveness of outdoor mobile games as an instrument of physical traning for stress tolerance

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An EMG Patch for the Real-Time Monitoring of Muscle-Fatigue Conditions During Exercise

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19143108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (14) ◽

pp. 3108 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Shing-Hong Liu ◽

Chuan-Bi Lin ◽

Ying Chen ◽

Wenxi Chen ◽

Tai-Shen Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Fatigue ◽

Real Time ◽

Root Mean Square ◽

The Body ◽

Median Frequency ◽

Mean Square ◽

Sport Injuries ◽

Physiological Measurement ◽

The Real ◽

Emg Signal

In recent years, wearable monitoring devices have been very popular in the health care field and are being used to avoid sport injuries during exercise. They are usually worn on the wrist, the same as sport watches, or on the chest, like an electrocardiogram patch. Common functions of these wearable devices are that they use real time to display the state of health of the body, and they are all small sized. The electromyogram (EMG) signal is usually used to show muscle activity. Thus, the EMG signal could be used to determine the muscle-fatigue conditions. In this study, the goal is to develop an EMG patch which could be worn on the lower leg, the gastrocnemius muscle, to detect real-time muscle fatigue while exercising. A micro controller unit (MCU) in the EMG patch is part of an ARM Cortex-M4 processor, which is used to measure the median frequency (MF) of an EMG signal in real time. When the muscle starts showing tiredness, the median frequency will shift to a low frequency. In order to delete the noise of the isotonic EMG signal, the EMG patch has to run the empirical mode decomposition algorithm. A two-electrode circuit was designed to measure the EMG signal. The maximum power consumption of the EMG patch was about 39.5 mAh. In order to verify that the real-time MF values measured by the EMG patch were close to the off-line MF values measured by the computer system, we used the root-mean-square value to estimate the difference in the real-time MF values and the off-line MF values. There were 20 participants that rode an exercise bicycle at different speeds. Their EMG signals were recorded with an EMG patch and a physiological measurement system at the same time. Every participant rode the exercise bicycle twice. The averaged root-mean-square values were 2.86 ± 0.86 Hz and 2.56 ± 0.47 Hz for the first and second time, respectively. Moreover, we also developed an application program implemented on a smart phone to display the participants’ muscle-fatigue conditions and information while exercising. Therefore, the EMG patch designed in this study could monitor the muscle-fatigue conditions to avoid sport injuries while exercising.

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Study on Intelligent Control Strategy for Semi-Active Suspension System of Tracked Vehicle

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.1162 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48-49 ◽

pp. 1162-1171 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yi Hui Zeng ◽

Shao Jun Liu ◽

Wei Cheng

Keyword(s):

Root Mean Square ◽

Intelligent Control ◽

Pitch Angle ◽

Control Method ◽

Active Suspension ◽

Suspension System ◽

The Body ◽

Mean Square ◽

Tracked Vehicle ◽

Magneto Rheological

Considering the multiple and complicated driving conditions for tracked vehicles and their structural features, a comprehensive intelligent control method to deal with semi-active suspension was proposed based on the principle of magneto rheological damper. One half of the tracked vehicle suspension system is taken as the research object, where analysis is directed to the vertical amplitude, pitch angle and vertical body acceleration response. And the magneto rheological damper was taken as an actuator, the fuzzy control was taken as feedforward and PID control was taken as feedback. The control system model has been established by using of the complex random road output to simulink due to the condition of MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show that it is of good real-time control competence, good robustness and high accuracy, etc. Contrasting to passive suspension, some capability parameters such as the body vertical amplitude, pitch angle and the body vertical acceleration of the semi-active suspension system can had been well controlled by using of the intelligent hybrid control method, for exmple, the root mean square value of vertical amplitude decreased by 37.2%，the root mean square value of pitch angle decreased by 45.2% and root mean square value of the vertical vibration acceleration decreased by 38.6%.

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Tracking Performance with Visual, Auditory, or Electrocutaneous Displays

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/001872087201400202 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 131-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mark A. Hofmann ◽

Norman W. Heimstra

Keyword(s):

Root Mean Square ◽

Constant Error ◽

Visual Display ◽

Absolute Error ◽

The Body ◽

Information Feedback ◽

Mean Square ◽

Discriminate Analysis ◽

Error Analyses ◽

Speed Of Response

Three groups of ten subjects each performed a unidimensional compensatory tracking task for 30 minutes. Each group received continuous error information feedback either visually, auditorally, or cutaneously. Direction of error was signaled by the side of the body stimulated, magnitude of error was indicated by signal intensity. Intensities of the signals were subjectively matched. Performance was measured by time on target, constant error, absolute error, and root-mean-square error. Analyses of variance for these measures yielded significant differences between display types on all but the root-mean-square measure. A multiple discriminate analysis was performed on these measures and provided two significantly independent dimensions of discrimination. The first dimension was defined as “speed of response,” the second “goodness of performance.” It was concluded that for the particular task used, the auditory and cutaneous displays proved more effective than the visual display.

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Physical Activity Behaviors and Physical Work Capacity in University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19020891 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 891

Author(s):

Grzegorz Bielec ◽

Aneta Omelan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

University Students ◽

Work Capacity ◽

The Body ◽

Physical Work ◽

Physical Work Capacity ◽

Metabolic Equivalent ◽

Metabolic Equivalent Of Task ◽

On Line

Objective. The COVID-19 pandemic led to restricted access to sports and recreation facilities, resulting in a general decrease in physical activity. Many studies present the results of on-line questionnaires conducted during the pandemic, but there are few reports of objectively measured indicators of physical condition. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the changes in physical work capacity, body composition, and physical activity behaviors in university students during 14 weeks of lockdown. Material and Methods. Twenty students of Tourism and Recreation (13 female and 7 male) participated in the study. The first examination was conducted in November 2020, and the second in March 2021. Body composition was assessed with a Tanita 418 MA device. The students performed the PWC 170 cycling test and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short version) on-line. Results. Neither physical work capacity nor body composition parameters changed substantially during the analyzed period. In the female students, vigorous physical activity decreased significantly, but no substantial changes occurred in weekly metabolic equivalent of task. In male students, walking days and metabolic equivalent of task decreased, but the changes were not significant. Conclusions. Fourteen weeks of COVID-19 lockdown had little effect on the body composition, physical work capacity level, and physical activity habits of Tourism and Recreation students. Studies with larger groups of participants should verify the current conclusions, and care should be taken when extrapolating to other populations.

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Reach on damping control and stability analysis of vehicle with double time-delay and five degrees of freedom

Journal of Low Frequency Noise Vibration and Active Control ◽

10.1177/1461348420918693 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 146134842091869 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kaiwei Wu ◽

Chuanbo Ren ◽

Junshuai Cao ◽

Zhichuan Sun

Keyword(s):

Time Delay ◽

Feedback Control ◽

Root Mean Square ◽

Suspension System ◽

The Body ◽

Vehicle Body ◽

Mean Square ◽

Delay Control ◽

Delay Feedback Control ◽

Double Time

Suspension system is one of the important parts of a vehicle, which is used to buffer the impact of uneven road to the body and passengers, so the suspension system has an important impact on the safety and ride comfort of the vehicle. In order to improve the safety and comfort of passengers and vehicles, in this paper a five-degree-of-freedom half car model is established, and the uncertainty of the model and the time-delay of the control are considered. The dynamic response of vehicle body acceleration root mean square, passenger acceleration root mean square, displacement root mean square and vehicle body pitch acceleration root mean square are selected as optimization objectives. The time-delay control parameters are determined by chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm. The time-delay stability of the suspension control system is analyzed by frequency-domain scanning method to ensure the stability of the time-delay control system. Finally, by establishing the simulation model of the active suspension system with double time-delay feedback control, the response characteristics of the suspension system with double time-delay active feedback control to simple harmonic excitation and random excitation input are analyzed. The results show that under the premise of ensuring the system stability, the active suspension system with double time-delay feedback control has good and obvious controlling and damping effect on the body and seats.

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Heterocyclic Substitutions Greatly Improve Affinity and Stability of Folic Acid towards FRα. an In Silico Insight

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26041079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 1079

Author(s):

Mohammad G. Al-Thiabat ◽

Fadi G. Saqallah ◽

Amirah Mohd Gazzali ◽

Noratiqah Mohtar ◽

Beow Keat Yap ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Binding Affinity ◽

Root Mean Square ◽

Active Site ◽

Hydrophobic Interactions ◽

Md Simulations ◽

The Body ◽

Electrostatic Energy ◽

Epithelial Tissue ◽

Mean Square

Folate receptor alpha (FRα) is known as a biological marker for many cancers due to its overexpression in cancerous epithelial tissue. The folic acid (FA) binding affinity to the FRα active site provides a basis for designing more specific targets for FRα. Heterocyclic rings have been shown to interact with many receptors and are important to the metabolism and biological processes within the body. Nineteen FA analogs with substitution with various heterocyclic rings were designed to have higher affinity toward FRα. Molecular docking was used to study the binding affinity of designed analogs compared to FA, methotrexate (MTX), and pemetrexed (PTX). Out of 19 FA analogs, analogs with a tetrazole ring (FOL03) and benzothiophene ring (FOL08) showed the most negative binding energy and were able to interact with ASP81 and SER174 through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with amino acids of the active site. Hence, 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out for FOL03, FOL08 compared to FA, MTX, and PTX. The root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) of FOL03 and FOL08 showed an apparent convergence similar to that of FA, and both of them entered the binding pocket (active site) from the pteridine part, while the glutamic part was stuck at the FRα pocket entrance during the MD simulations. Molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface accessible (MM-PBSA) and H-bond analysis revealed that FOL03 and FOL08 created more negative free binding and electrostatic energy compared to FA and PTX, and both formed stronger H-bond interactions with ASP81 than FA with excellent H-bond profiles that led them to become bound tightly in the pocket. In addition, pocket volume calculations showed that the volumes of active site for FOL03 and FOL08 inside the FRα pocket were smaller than the FA–FRα system, indicating strong interactions between the protein active site residues with these new FA analogs compared to FA during the MD simulations.

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