scholarly journals Food Security and Conflict Nexus An Empirical Evidence from South Asian Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Ayesha Shoukat ◽  
Samreen Ramzan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The World

Purpose: This emprical study aims to find the plausible link of food security and conflict for six conflict affected south asian countries durng 1990-2017. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using the data from FAO for Dietary Energy Supply (DES) a proxy for food security and battled deaths for Conflict from Uppsala conflict database a panel of six south Asian countries has been analyzed. Using fix effect model. Findings: The results reveal that conflict in selected sample of south Asian countries is negatively associated with food security as the onset of conflict the calories intake (kca/day/capita) decrease 26 on average in year. The results might be consistent with some recent empirical studies investigating the same relationship from other regions of the world. Implications/Originality/Value: The empirical literature explaining this nexus of food security and conflict has been analyzed on the date from single country affected by conflict. Fewer studies investigate this relation which is based cross countries analysis. 

scholarly journals Scopes and opportunities of buffalo farming in Bangladesh: A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Hamid ◽  
MNA Siddiky ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
KM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
Total Milk

The present study attempts to examine the scenario of buffalo production in Bangladesh. The buffalo plays a very important role in the South Asian region which constitutes 77.5% of world buffalo population. This region has a great biodiversity in buffalo germplasm, including the world famous source promising buffaloes Murrah and Nili-Ravi - renowned for high milk production potential. It is estimated that about 96.05 % of Asia and 93.19 % of world buffalo milk are produced in South Asian countries. Besides, buffalo milk in South Asian countries is around 54.95 % of the total milk production. The India and Pakistan share 67.99% and 23.96%, of world buffalo milk production respectively. About 71.4% of world buffalo meat is produced in South Asian countries. Although buffalo is an integral part of livestock production system in South Asian countries, it has never been addressed in Bangladesh and always neglected despite their important role in the national economy. In Bangladesh, the total buffalo population are 1.464 million heads that are managed in household subsistence farming as well as extensive free range (Bathan) farming in saline coastal region that are used as a draught animal and partially for milk and meat production. The contribution of buffalo in total milk and meat production in Bangladesh is only 2.0% and 0.94%, respectively. This review has tried to unearth the present scenario of buffalo production in Bangladesh, describing the benefits and values of buffalo milk and meat, advantages of buffalo husbandry over cattle, constraints in buffalo production and recommendations for buffalo development in Bangladesh.SAARC J. Agri., 14(2): 63-77 (2016)

Exploring the Channels and Impact of Debt on Economic Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-191
Author(s):  
Kashif Munir ◽  
Nisma Riffat Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Conditional Convergence ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Private And Public

The objective of this study is to analyse the effect of debt on economic growth as well as the channels, that is, investment, total factor productivity (TFP), interest rate and saving channel through which debt affects economic growth in South Asian countries. The study uses growth model based on conditional convergence and augments to include debt. Panel data of four South Asian countries from 1990 to 2013 at annual frequency are utilized and fixed effect model is used for estimation. The results of the study showed that inverted U-shaped relationship exists between debt and economic growth in South Asian countries. However, the most important and significant channel through which debt affects economic growth is private and public investment as well as TFP. Reducing debt accumulation alone will not rectify the problem unless the supplementary macroeconomic policies are made sound; therefore, there is a dire need to improve macroeconomic policies, good governance and elimination of structural distortions. JEL: C23, H6, O47

Acute Pancreatitis Following Organophosphate Compound Poisoning: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-252
Author(s):  
Suman K. Jha ◽  
Sabin Chaulagain ◽  
Shiva Kumar Ojha ◽  
Angela Basnet Neela Sunuwar ◽  
Akanchha Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Organophosphate Compounds ◽  
The World ◽  
Agrarian Communities

Organophosphate compounds are chemicals containing central phosphate molecules with alkyl or aromatic substituent’s. They occur in diverse forms and are used as pesticides, herbicides, nerve agents, etc. Organophosphate compounds are frequently used as pesticides in agrarian communities all across the world. South Asian countries such as Nepal use vast quantities of Organophosphate compounds for pest control in agriculture. Therefore, accidental and suicidal ingestion of Organophosphate compound poisoning has been common especially among the agricultural rural communities. Apart from muscarinic, nicotinic and central nervous system effects in rare instances, Organophosphate compounds are known to cause pancreatitis.

scholarly journals Social Aspects in the Assessment of Biobased Value Chains

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirvana Angela Marting Vidaurre ◽  
Ricardo Vargas-Carpintero ◽  
Moritz Wagner ◽  
Jan Lask ◽  
Iris Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Good Coverage

Social Life-Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) is under continuous development. The Methodological Sheets for Subcategories in S-LCA are a set of guidelines commonly used for the performance of such assessments. They cover a variety of stakeholders and subcategories for the social assessment of products in general. However, they may not necessarily be appropriate for the assessment of biobased value chains of agricultural and forestry origin. The aim of this study is the identification of social aspects relevant for the assessment of biobased value chains across various regions of the world, including those aspects possibly overlooked in the Methodological Sheets for Subcategories in S-LCA. For this purpose, a literature review of empirical studies was performed using the sheets as a reference. The results show that the Methodological Sheets for Subcategories in S-LCA provide good coverage of social topics relevant for biobased value chains, but that the stakeholders “smallholder” and “family farm” are not adequately addressed. Drawing on the empirical literature reviewed, the study emphasizes the relevance of these stakeholders in the analysis of biobased value chains of agricultural and forestry origin, and proposes criteria for consideration in the assessment of this stakeholder.

scholarly journals An Overview on Energy and Development of Energy Integration in Major South Asian Countries: The Building Sector

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5776
Author(s):  
Rashiqa Abdul Salam ◽  
Khuram Pervez Amber ◽  
Naeem Iqbal Ratyal ◽  
Mehboob Alam ◽  
Naveed Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Human Development ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy And Development

India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh (IPB) are the largest South Asian countries in terms of land area, gross domestic product (GDP), and population. The growth in these countries is impacted by inadequate renewable energy policy and implementation over the years, resulting in slow progress towards human development and economic sustainability. These developing countries are blessed with huge potential for renewable energy resources; however, they still heavily rely on fossil fuels (93%). IPB is a major contributor to the total energy consumption of the world and its most energy-intensive building sector (India 47%, Pakistan 55% and Bangladesh 55%) displays inadequate energy performance. This paper comprehensively reviews the energy mix and consumption in IPB with special emphasis on current policies and its impact on economic and human development. The main performance indicators have been critically analyzed for the period 1970–2017. The strength of this paper is a broad overview on energy and development of energy integration in major South Asian countries. Furthermore, it presents a broad deepening on the main sector of energy consumption, i.e., the building sector. The paper also particularly analyzes the existing buildings energy efficiency codes and policies, with specific long-term recommendations to improve average energy consumption per person. The study also examines the technical and regulatory barriers and recommends specific measures to adapt renewable technologies, with special attention to policies affecting energy consumption. The analysis and results are general and can be applied to other developing countries of the world.

Financial contagion: review of empirical literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Seth ◽  
Laxmidhar Panda
Keyword(s):  
Asset Allocation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Financial Contagion ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Accurate Picture

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to obtain a comprehensive structure of past empirical studies on financial contagion which can provide the present growth and future scope of research work on the field of contagion analysis. Design/methodology/approach Present study identifies 151 empirical studies on financial contagion and summarises all the studies on the basis of tools and methodology used, year of the studies, origin of the studies, sample period and sample countries taken, studies undertaken on the basis of different crisis period and markets considered and finally sources of the studies. Findings The results of the analysis show that the empirical studies on contagion increased continuously over the past five years. Higher order test of contagion with more number of sample countries may provide more accurate picture on financial contagion. Originality/value This paper collects, classifies and summarises past empirical studies on financial contagion and provides valuable conclusion on present growth and future scope of studies on financial contagion. The information given in this paper can be helpful for future researchers and academicians on this particular field; the summary of the conclusion (from past reviews) may be helpful for the policy makers for asset allocation and risk management.

scholarly journals Impact of Trade Openness on Food Security: Evidence from Panel Data for Central Asian Countries

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3012
Author(s):  
Zhilu Sun ◽  
Defeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Impact

The problem of food insecurity has become increasingly critical across the world since 2015, which threatens the lives and livelihoods of people around the world and has historically been a challenge confined primarily to developing countries, to which the countries of Central Asia, as typical transition countries, cannot be immune either. Under this context, many countries including Central Asian countries have recognized the importance of trade openness to ensure adequate levels of food security and are increasingly reliant on international trade for food security. Using the 2001–2018 panel data of Central Asian countries, based on food security’s four pillars (including availability, access, stability, and utilization), this study empirically estimates the impact of trade openness and other factors on food security and traces a U-shaped (or inverted U-shaped) relationship between trade openness and food security by adopting a panel data fixed effect model as the baseline model, and then conducts the robustness test by using the least-squares (LS) procedure for the pooled data and a dynamic panel data (DPD) analysis with the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach, simultaneously. The results show that: (1) a U-shaped relationship between trade openness and the four pillars of food security was found, which means that beyond a certain threshold of trade openness, food security status tends to improve in Central Asian countries; (2) gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, GDP growth, and agricultural productivity have contributed to the improvement of food security. Employment in agriculture, arable land, freshwater withdrawals in agriculture, population growth, natural disasters, and inflation rate have negative impacts on food security; and (3) this study confirms that trade policy reforms can finally be conducive to improving food security in Central Asian countries. However, considering the effects of other factors, potential negative effects of trade openness, and vulnerability of global food trade network, ensuring reasonable levels of food self-sufficiency is still very important for Central Asian countries to achieve food security. Our research findings can provide scientific support for sustainable food system strategies in Central Asian countries.

Indicators to assess organizational resilience – a review of empirical literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Rahi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Organizational Resilience ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to explore the empirical literature on organizational resilience. The goal consists of identifying and understanding the indicators used to evaluate organizational resilience and instigating the development of indicators to assess resilience in other areas, such as project management and critical infrastructure. Design/methodology/approach A review of recent empirical studies is conducted to collect information on the indicators used to assess organizational resilience. Findings A range of interrelated indicators aiming to measure organizational resilience in two dimensions is shown in this literature review: awareness and adaptive capacity. Awareness is the ability of an organization to assess its environment and interpret the changes in its surroundings, both now and in the future, to be proactive and better manage possible disruptive events. On the other hand, adaptive capacity is the organization’s capacity to transform its structure, processes, culture, etc. for recovering once faced with a disruptive event. Awareness forms the main base of the organization’s adaptive capacity. Originality/value Organizational resilience contributes to the safe development of the built environment. This concept helps organizations to cope with disruptions. However, little research has been conducted on the indicators to assess organizational resilience, in different fields. Moreover, these indicators’ credibility is based on empirical studies.

Developing Economies in A Borderless World

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
P.K. Jain ◽  
Manmohan Yadav
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The South ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

The “Death of Distance” will be the single most important economic force shaping the society over the next half century with geography, borders and time zones becoming irrelevant with the new communication revolution. The world trade has increased manifolds since World War II and the merchandise exports have increased to about $6,000 billion today from just $50 billion in 1950 while the trade in services is increasing faster and stands at about $1,450 billion as the economies are opening up and integrating with the world economy. As evident from the experience of the countries that followed open-market and free trade policies, achieved higher growth rates in their GDP, per capita GDP, and the exports than the closed economies. As more and more countries are opening their economies and integrating with the world economy and the revolution in IT, we are heading towards a “borderless” world with free flow of trade and resources. The autarkic strategies for economic development followed by India since its independence inevitably cut the economy off from the technological advancements in rest of the world and as a result India still remains way behind the industrialised economies. Also, despite above average growth in India's GDP and exports since 1970s than the world average, India's per capita GDP is among the lowest at $370. Even the most populous country in the world, China has per capita GDP of $860. The balance-of-payments crisis in mid-1991 forced the Indian policymakers to make a paradigm shift, though under IMF-led bail out package and prescription for structural adjustments, in its economic, industrial, and trade policies more commonly known as the “economic reforms”- liberalisation and globalisation of Indian economy. While the reforms have helped overcome the liquidity crisis and the economy broadly got back to the growth charted in 1980s, yet the structural adjustments have propelled investment in non-traded goods and in buying out of well performing Indian companies and brands by the MNCs than actually increasing the gross fixed capital formation in the manufacturing sector with the modern technologies. It is under this background and the similarities in cultural, political, ethnic and alike factors among the South Asian countries, that the present paper aims at analysing and learning lessons from the progressive aspects as well as failures of India's economic reforms, while the South Asian countries emulated the same.

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