THE FUNСTIONING OF MARKETS IN THE EMIRATE OF BUKHARA IN THE END OF 19TH–END OF THE 20THCENTURIES

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Emirate of Bukhara was known among the eastern countries as an important center of trade. Due to its favorable economic and geographical location, Bukhara connects the east and south of Asia with its north and west, and through Russia with European countries.The following article provides information about the popularity of the Emirate of Bukhara as the most important center of trade among the countries of the East in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the abundance of majestic markets for various goods produced in the countries of the world. It is also separately provided about the division of markets by type, the performance of their role in economic life, their specialization in trade, the establishment of separate markets where various goods are sold and the high development of the culture of trade.Index Terms:market, trade, commerce, merchant, dome, tim, trade house, batman, foreign firm, intermediary, product.

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Podwójna izolacja jako determinanta rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego małych państw wyspiarskich Globalnego Południa

Studia Polityczne ◽

10.35757/stp.2020.48.2.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 261-284

Author(s):

Michał Jasiński

Keyword(s):

Geographical Location ◽

World Market ◽

Economic Life ◽

Small Island ◽

Island States ◽

Economic Distance ◽

The World ◽

Small Island States ◽

Specific Vulnerability ◽

Development Paths

The aim of the article is to describe the development problems of Small Island Developing States (SIDS). This group is characterised by a specific vulnerability, resulting from geographical features, such as such as: small size, limited natural resources, isolation and natural disasters. They determine the narrow specialisation and marginal importance of these economies in international trade.The unfavourable geographical location is considered to be the most important obstacle to development in the case of SIDS. For the purposes of these considerations, they are identified with a significant distance from the main centres of socio-economic life (continents) – ‘economic distance’ which the author identifies with the concepts of isolation and solitude. Then two forms of SIDS isolation are adopted: external isolation (from external markets) and internal isolation. In the second case, two forms are additionally distinguished: simple and complex.This classification, in combination with the outlined basic models (development paths) characteristic of SIDS (MIRAB, SITE, PROFIT), has made it possible to answer the two research questions. Firstly, it has been found that in general the type (degree) of isolation signifi cantly determines the current level of the socio-economic development of the analysed small island states. Secondly, countries characterised by the so-called double insulation still remain at a particular disadvantage. In the latter case, however, one should take account of the fact that ‘the world is shrinking’ and insulation is ‘variable with time’. The fact that these countries joined the world market late (for example, the tourist market) may be an advantage for them as shown by the examples of such SIDS as Palau, Maldives or Seychelles, among others.

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THE ROLE AND ROLE OF OIL POLICY IN SAUDI ARABIA IN POST WORLD WAR II ECONOMIC LIFE

Journal of look to the past ◽

10.26739/2181-9599-2019-20-06 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 37-41

Author(s):

Maftuna Sanoqulova ◽

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

World War Ii ◽

Economic Life ◽

World War ◽

Post World War Ii ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Oil Policy

This article consists of the politics which connected with oil in Saudi Arabia after the World war II , the relations of economical cooperations on this matter and the place of oil in the history of world economics

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Turkey’s foreign policy in perspective: Some regional and national interests

OOO Zhurnal Voprosy Istorii ◽

10.31166/voprosyistorii202010statyi48 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽

pp. 82-92

Author(s):

Gekkaya Funda

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Political Ideology ◽

Geographical Location ◽

National Interests ◽

Security Culture ◽

Center Stage ◽

External Relations ◽

The World ◽

Transit Route ◽

And Control

The formation of external policy of any country aims at serving the state’s interests. For this matter, many countries seek their way through this by taking into account the potential prospects available to them. The fundamental subtleties and factors that influence a state’s choices of external policy include geographical location, history, security, culture, trade, political ideology, military might, et cetera. Countries often make external contacts based on some regulations and response to unfolding events. Thus, external policy to an extent pertains to the guiding principles outlined to be pursued through state values, decisions and actions taken by the states themselves and their attempt to develop, manage and control the external relations of national societies. In this regard, the Caucasian region has been an important factor in Turkey’s foreign policy. Since these states emerged in the early 1990s, energy has taken a center stage within the region, while Turkey remains a transit route to the world...

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Conclusion

10.1093/oso/9780190660130.003.0017 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew A. Shadle

Keyword(s):

Global Economy ◽

Economic Life ◽

Social Teaching ◽

Human Society ◽

Pope Francis ◽

The World ◽

Entire Cosmos ◽

Natural Ecology ◽

Theological Vision ◽

New Framework

The conclusion looks at the teaching of Pope Francis, considering the possibility that it represents the emergence of a new framework for Catholic social teaching. Pope Francis has emphasized that the encounter with Jesus Christ brings about an experience of newness and openness. He has also proposed a cosmic theological vision. His concept of “integral ecology,” introduced in his encyclical Laudato Si’, illustrates how human society is interconnected with the natural ecology of the planet earth and the entire cosmos. He proposes that the economy, society, culture, and daily life are all interconnected “ecologies.” In a speech to the World Meeting of Popular Movements in 2015, Pope Francis also explains how social movements devoted to local issues can nevertheless have a profound effect on the structures of the global economy. In his teachings, Pope Francis presents an organicist and communitarian vision of economic life.

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Specialty Space: Breast Care Centers

HERD Health Environments Research & Design Journal ◽

10.1177/1937586721990563 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 193758672199056

Author(s):

Diane Guevara

Keyword(s):

Design Process ◽

Interior Design ◽

Care Center ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Relevant Evidence ◽

The World ◽

Hospital Gowns ◽

Breast Care ◽

Color Scheme

As background, breast care centers around the world vary in interior design based on geographical location and the trends of the healthcare design process at the time of construction. However, at the forefront of healthcare interior design is the evidence-based design (EBD) process and the Universal Design (UD) guidelines. The Center for Health Design states that the EBD process differs from the linear design process, in that EBD uses relevant evidence to educate and guide the design decisions. The objective of this study was to support future EBD and UD use in the development of patient areas in breast care center interior design. The methods for this study incorporated an extensive review of the literature, examples of eight breast care centers around the world, observations, an interview, and a staff survey concerning the interior design of a local breast care center. The results revealed that using the EBD process and UD, to develop guidelines for patient areas in breast care centers’ interior design, directors could use guidelines to evaluate existing breast care centers or preconstruction for new breast care centers. This study concluded with design guidelines for patient areas in breast care center interior design. The recommended guidelines targeted the following features: robes (vs. hospital gowns), spa-like atmosphere, monochromatic color scheme, use of wood and stone, private check-in areas, wayfinding, room temperature comfort, seating comfort, seating style choices including bariatric, personal items storage, access to natural light, indirect artificial lighting, living plants, views of nature, flooring comfort, and wheelchair accessibility.

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The Causes of Greek Decline

The Journal of Hellenic Studies ◽

10.2307/627042 ◽

1944 ◽

Vol 64 ◽

pp. 10-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. W. Walbank

Keyword(s):

Economic Life ◽

Ancient History ◽

Special Significance ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

The Right ◽

Of Greece

In one of the most popular anthology passages in Latin, Servius Sulpicius, writing to console Cicero for his daughter's death, describes how, as he reached Greek waters, sailing from Asia, he began to look about him at the ruins of Greece. ‘Behind me was Aegina, in front of me Megara, on the right the Piraeus, on the left Corinth, cities which had once been prosperous, but now lay shattered ruins before my sight.’ Oppidum cadavera he goes on to call them—corpses of cities! The picture, it will probably be objected, is overdrawn; certainly the ruin of Greece was, by Cicero's time, already a rhetorical commonplace, to be echoed by Horace, Ovid and Seneca in turn. But it was based upon an essential truth. The Saronic Gulf, once the centre of the world, was now, for all that Greece meant, a dead lake lapping about the foundations of dead cities. In that tragic decay—which was not confined to mainland Greece—we are confronted with one of the most urgent problems of ancient history, and one with a special significance for our generation, who were already living in an age of economic, political and spiritual upheaval, even before the bombs began to turn our own cities into shattered ruins.This, then, is my reason for reopening a subject on which there is scope for such diverse opinion: adeo maxima quaeque ambigua sunt. If any further justification is required, then I will only add that the recent publication of Professor Michael Rostovtzeff's classic study of the social and economic life of the Hellenistic Age is at once an invitation and a challenge.

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Icelandic Healthcare System

Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine) ◽

10.33920/med-10-2006-10 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 72-77

Author(s):

Elena Frolova

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Healthcare System ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Health Index ◽

Average Life Expectancy ◽

The World ◽

Level Of Economic Development ◽

Restrictive Measures

Today the whole world continues to look at the surrounding reality through the prism of the coronavirus. A few months ago, in our relatively prosperous life without quarantine, the world-famous Bloomberg agency compiled another rating of countries according to the health index, on top of which were Spain and Italy. When compiling this rating, the average life expectancy of the population, the level of economic development, geographical location, prevalence of bad habits, the availability of clean drinking water, etc. were taken into account. The combination of these indicators provides data for the formation of a health index, which in Spain amounted to 92.8, and in Italy - 91.6. It is believed that the main factor contributing to the high health index in these countries is the favorable climate and the ability to keep to the Mediterranean diet, which is based on olive oil, seafood and a large amount of fruits and vegetables. However, as the tragic reality shows, countries with the best organization of the healthcare system in the world were not able to withstand the epidemic. What is the situation in the country that is the third of the top three in the ranking compiled by Bloomberg - Iceland? There is neither a favourable climate, nor olive oil, nor fresh shrimps, and the average temperature in the summer months there is +10°C. Nevertheless, in terms of life expectancy, this country left behind all the Scandinavian countries and came close to Singapore and Japan. And if we talk about the prevalence of coronavirus, then as of early April, as a result of testing of 4.7% of the population 1364 cases were found in the country, and the number of deaths was only 4. A mass examination of citizens, notably free of charge for everyone, immediate tracking of the routes of infection and isolation of the ill allowed the Icelandic authorities to take control of the situation from the very beginning of the epidemic, even without the introduction of strict restrictive measures [1].

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OUTDOOR AR-APPLICATION FOR THE DIGITAL MAP TABLE

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-3-w1-2020-93-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol XLIV-3/W1-2020 ◽

pp. 93-98

Author(s):

S. Maier ◽

T. Gostner ◽

F. van de Camp ◽

A. H. Hoppe

Keyword(s):

Augmented Reality ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Satellite System ◽

Reference Points ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Measurement Unit ◽

Positional Accuracy ◽

Digital Map ◽

The World ◽

Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract. In many fields today, it is necessary that a team has to do operational planning for a precise geographical location. Examples for this are staff work, the preparation of surveillance tasks at major events or state visits and sensor deployment planning for military and civil reconnaissance. For these purposes, Fraunhofer IOSB is developing the Digital Map Table (DigLT). When making important decisions, it is often helpful or even necessary to assess a situation on site. An augmented reality (AR) solution could be useful for this assessment. For the visualization of markers at specific geographical coordinates in augmented reality, a smartphone has to be aware of its position relative to the world. It is using the sensor data of the camera and inertial measurement unit (IMU) for AR while determining its absolute location and direction with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and its magnetic compass. To validate the positional accuracy of AR markers, we investigated the current state of the art and existing solutions. A prototype application has been developed and connected to the DigLT. With this application, it is possible to place markers at geographical coordinates that will show up at the correct location in augmented reality at anyplace in the world. Additionally, a function was implemented that lets the user select a point from the environment in augmented reality, whose geographical coordinates are sent to the DigLT. The accuracy and practicality of the placement of markers were examined using geodetic reference points. As a result, we can conclude that it is possible to mark larger objects like a car or a house, but the accuracy mainly depends on the internal compass, which causes a rotational error that increases with the distance to the target.

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Colonial Past and Constitutional Momentum: The Case of Iceland

Nordicum-Mediterraneum ◽

10.33112/nm.8.2.2 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ágúst Þór Árnason

Keyword(s):

Financial Crisis ◽

World Wide ◽

Economic Life ◽

The World ◽

Financial Crisis Of 2008 ◽

The Republic

In June 2010, nearly two years after the world-wide financial crisis of 2008 hit Iceland, the Icelandic Parliament passed an act on a Constitutional Assembly. Even if no one has succeeded to show any direct connections between the financial crisis and the provisions and the function of the constitution of 1944, loud voices did claim that Icelanders were fortunately faced with a “constitutional moment” and, subsequently, an opportunity to change the nation’s political as well as economic life; something people were ethically obligated to make use of. With no better justified or defined reasons for such an all-inclusive revision, however, it is a worth-while undertaking to take a closer look at the notion of a constitutional moment, and see if that can help us to understand why the Republic of Iceland should abolish its founding constitution without a preceding thorough analysis of its functional failures.

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The Development of the Offshore Reinsurance Market in Singapore and Its Experiences for India

Research in Economics and Management ◽

10.22158/rem.v2n5p205 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

Bofang Li

Keyword(s):

Insurance Industry ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Regulatory System ◽

Growth Trend ◽

Healthy Development ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Steady Growth ◽

The World ◽

Regulatory Commission ◽

Reinsurance Market

In March 2017, China Insurance Regulatory Commission issued Notice on Matters Related to the Provision of Guarantee Measures for Offshore Reinsurers, and announced the formal establishment of a deposit system for Offshore reinsurers.This measure improves China’s reinsurance regulatory system. It can not only prevent the cross-border transfer of foreign financial risks through reinsurance exchanges but also promote the smooth and healthy development of Chinese reinsurance market. The establishment of Offshore reinsurance margin system provides institutional guarantee for the construction of international Offshore reinsurance in China. India, as a major shipping country in the world, has superior geographical location and mature shipping business. The establishment of international reinsurance center plays an important role in promoting the development of India’s insurance market and shipping market. Offshore reinsurance business accounts for greater proportion in business structure of the international reinsurance center. The establishment and development of Offshore reinsurance center in India need to compete with many mature Offshore reinsurance companies in the world. Singapore is not only Asia’s largest international financial center but also one of Asia’s largest international reinsurance centers. Its Offshore reinsurance market is more mature. In the past 10 years, it has maintained a steady growth trend, which can provide a reference for the development of Offshore reinsurance business in India. This paper begins with the development conditions and market data of Singapore Offshore reinsurance market, analyzes the development of Singapore’s Offshore reinsurance market and the development of the domestic insurance industry in India, combines with the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of Mumbai, Kandla Port and other places, and puts forward suggestions for the development of Offshore reinsurance business in India.

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