scholarly journals “Carlo Ginzburg, microhistoria y escala. El caso del vinatero calvinista / Carlo Ginzburg, Microhistory and Scale: the Case of the Calvinist Vintner

2017 ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Blanca Fernández García
Keyword(s):  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Epistemological Crises

Over the past forty years historiography has been affected by typically postmodern epistemological crises, which have questioned two of its basic principles: the universality and the possibility to reach the truth in its narratives. In this article, we shall reflect on the Italian historian Carlo Ginzburg’s answer to this crossroads. His works, from the first steps of microhistory to the most recent debates on literary fiction, combine a methodology, which may be considered in principle as postmodern, with rigorous historical investigations. We analyze how this methodology contributes however to the revaluation of the modern historiographical principles prior to postmodernityKey WordsCarlo Ginzburg, Eric J. Hobsbawm, postmodernity, historiography, story, fiction, proof.ResumenEn los últimos cuarenta años, la historiografía se ha visto afectada por crisis epistemológicas típicamente posmodernas que han cuestionado dos de sus principios básicos: la universalidad y la posibilidad de alcanzar la verdad en sus relatos. En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la respuesta del historiador italiano Carlo Ginzburg ante esta encrucijada. Sus trabajos, desde los primeros pasos de la microhistoria hasta los debates más recientes en torno a la ficción literaria, combinan una metodología que, en principio, se puede juzgar posmoderna con rigurosas investigaciones históricas. Se analiza en qué modo esta metodología contribuye, sin embargo, a revalorizar los principios de la historiografía moderna previos a la posmodernidad.Palabras claveCarlo Ginzburg, Eric J. Hobsbawm, posmodernidad, historiografía, relato, ficción, prueba 

Applications of Focused Ion Beam Technology in Bonding Failure Analysis for Microelectronic Devices

2011 ◽  
Vol 58-60 ◽  
pp. 2171-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Xiao Wen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Microelectronic Device ◽  
Mechanism Study ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Bonding Failure

Focused ion beam (FIB) system is a powerful microfabrication tool which uses electronic lenses to focus the ion beam even up to nanometer level. The FIB technology has become one of the most necessary failure analysis and failure mechanism study tools for microelectronic device in the past several years. Bonding failure is one of the most common failure mechanisms for microelectronic devices. But because of the invisibility of the bonding interface, it is difficult to analyze this kind of failure. The paper introduced the basic principles of FIB technology. And two cases for microelectronic devices bonding failure were analyzed successfully by FIB technology in this paper.

SPECIAL ARTICLE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 668-672
Author(s):  
THOMAS H. LANMAN
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Surgical Service ◽  
Open Thoracotomy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
The Past ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
Heavy Mortality

IT IS a great honor to be asked to present the first William E. Ladd Lecture before the American Academy of Pediatrics. This I appreciate and as this is the first lecture in my former Chief's honor, I shall devote my time more to Doctor Ladd and what he accomplished during his long and devoted service as Chief of the Surgical Service of the Boston Children's Hospital than to the presentation of anything new. In these days of great changes in the surgical field, it is very easy to overlook or even to forget the good things that were done in the past. I said "changes" rather than advances for some of the changes of today are not advances. It is easier to appreciate the extraordinary widening in the field of surgical endeavor that has been made possible by improvements in pre- and postoperative care, anesthesia, and the more effective means to combat infection than it is to remember what was done in a previous generation without such new and valuable aids. When I began my service at the Boston Children's Hospital in 1919, most of the deaths on the Surgical Service were caused by infection. Long surgical procedures involving an open thoracotomy were impossible. Prolonged operations on the gastrointestinal tract carried a heavy mortality largely because of our lack of knowledge of fluid balance. In those earlier days, an operation that exceeded an hour in length was considered to be entering a very dangerous phase. It is well, however, to review some of the types of cases done in those days and to keep in mind that the basic principles one had to follow at that time are still valid and that the good results of today are by no means entirely due to modern methods. Let me cite a few examples.

The Two Row Wampum-Covenant Chain Tradition as a Guide for Indigenous-University Research Partnerships

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-359
Author(s):  
Richard W. Hill ◽  
Daniel Coleman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Six Nations ◽  
Productive Research ◽  
First Time

This co-authored article examines the oldest known treaty between incoming Europeans and Indigenous North Americans to derive five basic principles to guide healthy, productive relationships between Indigenous community-based researchers and university-based ones. Rick Hill, Tuscarora artist and knowledge keeper from the Six Nations of the Grand River, publishes for the first time here the most complete oral history that exists today of that ancient treaty, from the early seventeenth century, known as the Two Row Wampum or the Covenant Chain agreement. Interspersed with Dr. Hill’s reflections, Daniel Coleman, a settler professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, outlines five principles for research partnerships derived from the discussions of the Two Row Research Partnership seminars that Hill and Coleman have been hosting at Deyohahá:ge: Indigenous Knowledge Centre for the past four years. Formed between the Hodinöhsö:ni’ confederacy and Dutch merchants arriving near Albany, New York in 1609, the Two Row Wampum-Covenant Chain treaty set the precedent for nation-to-nation treaties between European colonial powers and Indigenous peoples with two parallel rows representing the Hodinöhsö:ni’ canoe and the Dutch ship sailing down the shared river. Each party agreed to keep their beliefs and laws in their separate vessels, and on this basis of interdependent autonomy, they established a long-lasting friendship. This article suggests that by renewing our understanding of the Two Row Wampum-Covenant Chain treaty, Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers alike can rebuild relationships of trust and cooperation that can decolonize Western presumptions and re-establish healthy and productive research partnerships.

scholarly journals The Practice of General Data Protection Regulations Fine and Penalty on Google Inc. vs CNIL Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maskun ◽  
Rian Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
National Development ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Legal Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
General Data ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
Research Show

Pancasila experiences ups and downs of development, not due to the weakness of the values contained therein, but rather leads to inconsistencies in its application. In line with the acceptance of the truth of noble values of Pancasila then drove the flow and spirit to make Pancasila as a paradigm. History also noted how from the past until now Pancasila often get a challenge that resulted in the crisis for the existence of the Indonesian nation. The challenge faced by Pancasila as the view of life and the foundation of the state is always directly proportional to the challenges faced by the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia as a whole. Paradigm is actually a way of view, values, methods, basic principles to solve a problem faced by a nation into the future. The results of research show First, Philosophically the essence of Pancasila as the paradigm of legal development contains a consequence that all aspects of legal development within the framework of national development should be based on the nature of Pancasila values; Secondly, As a legal development paradigm, Pancasila wants that development in society becomes the starting point of the existence of a legal product.

scholarly journals QUOTES BUDI UTOMO SEBAGAI SARANA PENGUAT KESADARAN NASIONAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Brigida Intan Printina
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Visual Graphic

This article aims to describe the Budi Utomo Quotes Based on Canva Applications for National Awareness Strengthens. In order for the struggle of the Budi Utomo movement to be interpreted in depth by generations, the visual graphic media was chosen to strengthen the national awareness of the generation. This is in line with the basic principles of Budi Utomo's movement, namely the primacy of mind or mind in terms of education. The research method in this article is qualitative descriptive. The writing results describe the process and results of the use of visual graphic media that photographed Budi Utomo's movement with the aim of strengthening the national awareness of Indonesian youth so as to be able to integrate past struggles as a capital "repeating the glory of the past" through education. The hope with this article is that observers of history are able to implement historical learning easily and can adjust technological developments, but without losing their identity as a cultured nation.

scholarly journals On Memory of Plates and Dishes

Fluminensia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-136
Author(s):  
Krystyna Pieniążek-Marković
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Western World ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

The aim of the article is to discuss how elements of food narratives meals and kitchen tools used for cooking are used in order to consolidate and shape the Croatian cultural memory, especially in the context of its Mediterranean heritage.For this reason, the texts by Veljko Barbieri, collected in the four volumes under the common and significant title Kuharski kanconijer. Gurmanska sjećanja Mediterana, are analysed. His circum-culinary narratives are a combination of encyclopaedic knowledge, references to historical and literary sources, personal memories and literary fiction. They can be easily inscribed in the Croatian (collective and individual) identity discourse since they are able to strengthen the collective (either national and supranational, or geo-regional) identity, and to construct the cultural memory. They also show Croatia's affiliation to the Western world along with its cultural-civilization rooting in antiquity, the Mediterranean region and Christianity, thus forming a part of the founding memory that develops a narrative about the very beginnings of Croatian presence on this land. The gastronomic narratives serve to create the cultural memory and this version of history which is to stabilize the social identity described by Pierre Nora and Andreas Huyssen. Through his stories, Barbieri shapes memory based on the representation of the past. In the analysed narratives, the memory carriers are dishes and plates which find reference to the oldest history of Croatia rendered by myths and other narratives. Associated with dishes, the pots enable the narrator to recall the past and the identity coded in individual dishes. They also participate in the processes of repeating, storage and remembering which generate a symbiotic relationship between man and thing. The memory carriers that is, food and plates depicted in Barbieri's culinary narratives do not convey their content in a neutral way, but construct their marked images.

Antibiotic Treatment—Much Better than Nothing

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Janet R. Gilsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Doses ◽  
Better Than

Over the past five decades, many animal experiments as well as clinical trials of antibiotics in humans treated for meningitis have defined the levels of antibiotics that are present in infected meninges and in the blood, thus informing the drug doses necessary to successfully treat the infection. In spite of the different kinds of bacteria that cause meningitis and the availability of various antibiotics to treat it, several basic principles of effective management for all common forms of bacterial meningitis have emerged from the decades of research. As a result of these studies, most children with meningitis in America receive appropriate antibiotic treatment (the correct antibiotic and the correct dose for the correct duration of therapy), and their outcomes are much, much better than the disastrous outcomes of earlier eras.

From the past into the present: From case frames to semantic frames

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans C. Boas ◽  
Ryan Dux
Keyword(s):  
Frame Semantics ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Case Grammar ◽  
Data Formats ◽  
Semantic Frames ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Case Frames

AbstractThis paper first shows how Frame Semantics grew out of earlier work on Case Grammar. Then, it discusses some of the basic principles of Frame Semantics and shows how these have been implemented in FrameNet, an online corpus-based lexicographic database (http://framenet.icsi.berkeley.edu). Using semantic frames to structure the lexicon of English, FrameNet provides a wealth of information showing how frame elements (situation-specific semantic roles) are realized syntactically (valence patterns). Finally, the paper provides an overview of how frame-semantic principles have been applied to cover non-lexical phenomena using compatible annotation and data formats. This so-called “constructicon” offers entries of grammatical constructions that are also based on corpus data and that are parallel to lexical entries in FrameNet.

Bin Laden’s Ghost and the Epistemological Crises of Counterterrorism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
The Past ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
The Media ◽  
Epistemological Crises

This chapter argues that despite all the media attention, punditry, scholarly analysis, and official commentary, Osama bin Laden's death remains an essentially meaningless (non-)event. His death is meaningless or without consequence in two main senses of the word. First, it is meaningless in real-world strategic and material terms. For example, as a direct consequence of bin Laden's death, no counterterrorism programs have been scaled back or ended, counterterrorism laws repealed, military or security funding reduced, security agencies scaled down or closed, foreign training programs ended, overseas military forces withdrawn, or military bases closed. Instead, the global counterterrorism effort remains completely unchanged by his death and continues on as it has for the past ten years. Second, and perhaps more importantly, bin Laden's death has generated so many divergent meanings that it has been rendered ultimately meaningless in terms of its analytical consequences, symbolism, and epistemological significance.

PIG, TONE SANDHI AND WUMIN

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-182
Author(s):  
William L. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Tone Sandhi ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Dialects ◽  
Historical Relationship

Several scholars have made various remarks about the language history of the Wu and Min areas. Some of these remarks concern non-Chinese languages that may have been spoken in the area(s) and that may have left some traces in the forms of Chinese spoken there now (substrata). Other remarks concern the possible prehistory of what appear now to be transitional or mixed forms, or features that may be present due to some ancient influence or borrowing. In considering such matters it is important to keep in mind the basic principles (and biases) of historical linguistics, and of the potential role of philological materials in the discussion. My fieldwork in China this spring, as well as my research in the past, point to some special historical relationship between southern Wu and northern Min. This appears to mean that the boundaries between the northern and southern types of each of the two dialect groups are stronger than they have been portrayed in the past, and that the traditional boundary between Wu and Min is considerably weaker than has been supposed. The total sum of dialect facts cannot be ignored in trying to ascertain the language history of this area; it would appear that various elements of the traditional view of the history of the southern dialects are in error in various ways. In particular, it is at least possible that Wu and Min, in some sense, share a common ancestor not common to any other Chinese dialects.

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