scholarly journals Desain Tebal Perkerasan Lentur Landas Pacu Bandara Soekarno-Hatta, Tanggerang Menggunakan Metode Design & Maintenance Guide 27, Inggris. (Hal. 38-46)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Aldo Budi Prayoga ◽  
Silvia Sukirman
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Material Type ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Pavement Thickness

ABSTRAKPerkerasan merupakan salah satu komponen pada runway yang harus didesain dan dievaluasi agar dapat melayani lalu-lintas pesawat sehingga tidak menyebabkan kerusakan dan mengakibatkan terganggunya kinerja bandara. Studi kasus pada penelitian ini adalah mendesain tebal perkerasan lentur Runway 3 Bandara Soekarno-Hatta menggunakan Design & Maintenance Guide 27. Tiga alternatif repetisi beban berdasarkan jenis penerbangan yang diasumsikan yaitu alternatif 1 50% internasional dan domestik, alternatif 2 75% internasional dan 25% domestik dan alternatif 3 100% internasional. Dari hasil desain berdasarkan 3 alternatif repetisi beban didapatkan hasil tebal perkerasan yang sama, yaitu 40 mm Marshall Asphalt Surface Course, 60 mm Marshall Asphalt Binder Course, 120 mm Marshall Asphalt Base Course, 401 mm Type FH Drylean Concrete untuk tipe High Strength Bound Base Material dan 563 mm Type F Drylean Concrete untuk tipe Bound Base Material.Kata kunci: perkerasan lentur, runway, marshall asphalt, HSBBM, BBM ABSTRACT                                                                              Pavement is a component of runway that must be designed and evaluated in order to serve airplane traffic so that is not causing damage and result disruption of airport performance. The case studies in this research is to design 3rd Runway's flexible pavement of the Soekarno-Hatta airport use Design & Maintenance Guide 27 . 3 alternative load reps based on the assumed flight type ie alternative 1 with 50% international and domestic, alternative 2 75% international and 25% domestic and alternative 3 100% international. From the results of the design based on 3 alternative reps load obtained the same pavement thickness results, namely 40 mm Marshall Asphalt Surface Course, 60 mm Marshall Asphalt Binder Course, 120 mm Marshall Asphalt Base Course, 401 mm Type FH Drylean Concrete for High Strength Bound Base Material and 563 mm Type F Drylean Concrete for Bound Base Material type. Keywords: flexible pavement, runway, marshall aphalt, HSBBM, BBM

The Influence Analysis of the Soil Base and the Base Stiffness of Highway Asphalt Pavement on Pavement Thickness

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 1406-1409
Author(s):  
Jian Song ◽  
Wen Yan Cui ◽  
Yun Yun Fan
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Layered System ◽  
Soil Base ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Pavement Base ◽  
Pavement Thickness ◽  
Important Significance

Using pavement thickness layered system computational theories and methods that current design criteria proposed, according to the result of the calculating example, this paper analyzed the influence of different soil base and the base stiffness of highway asphalt pavement for base thickness, and pointed out that thickness of pavement base decreased with increase of the soil base and the base stiffness. Therefore, optimum selecting fillers in constructing road bed beside the upper part of the roadbed, strengthening the subgrade and compacting by layer, to improve the mechanical properties of subgrade. Meanwhile, it has important significance in obtaining the obvious economic effect on decreasing thickness of pavement structure by properly using base material of high stiffness. Besides, this result indicate that the base course underside stresses increased with the base stiffness, therefore, the base course underside stresses should be checked, to ensure the corresponding the tensile strength of base material.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERPANJANGAN RUNWAY BANDAR UDARA INTERNASIONAL ADI SOEMARMO SOLO JAWA TENGAH

EXTRAPOLASI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-24
Author(s):  
Hudhiyantoro Hudhiyantoro ◽  
Hary Moetriono ◽  
Any Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Closed Channel ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
International Airport ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Pavement Thickness ◽  
The City

AbstractSolo City is one of the cities that has the largest airport in Central Java, namely Adi Soemarmo International Airport. Adi Soemarmo Airport has a runway length of 2600 m x 45 m. To make the city of Solo a hub in Java, where major cities outside Java, especially East and West Indonesia can land directly in Solo, Adi Soemarmo Airport requires development. Adi Soemarmo Solo Airport development is planned to add flight routes and international passengers (Source: http://www.dephub.go.id).Based on the results of calculations that refer to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standard with Boeing 777-300ER and 747-100 planes, a runway length of 3,700 m is needed. For runway capacity, the annual demand of 31,676 operations per year is smaller than the annual service volume of 210,000 operations per year so that the runway capacity has not been exceeded.To determine runway pavement thickness using planes with the largest single wheel load, namely B747-100 so that B-777-300ER is not used. For pavement thickness using Equivalent Aircraft Method from FAA with CBR Method Flexible Pavement B-747-100 graph calculation. Results:The total pavement thickness is 31 in ? 89 cm, Surface thickness (P-403 HMA) of 5 in ? 13 cm, Base course thickness (P-304 Cement Treat Base) is 6 in ? 15 cm, The thickness of the subbase course (P-154 sub-course) is 24 in ? 61 cm. For the calculation of drainage, the result is a closed channel (pipe) with an inlet dimension of 0.25 m x 0.25 m with a distance between 50 m inlet. AbstrakKota Solo merupakan salah satu kota yang memiliki bandara terbesar di Jawa Tengah yaitu Bandara Internasional Adi Soemarmo. Bandara Adi Soemarmo memiliki panjang landasan pacu 2600 m x 45 m. Untuk menjadikan Kota Solo sebagai hub di Jawa yang kota-kota besar di luar Jawa khususnya Indonesia Timur dan Barat dapat mendarat langsung di Solo, Bandara Adi Soemarmo membutuhkan pembangunan. Pembangunan Bandara Adi Soemarmo Solo direncanakan untuk menambah rute penerbangan dan penumpang internasional (Sumber: http://www.dephub.go.id).Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan yang mengacu pada standar International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) dengan pesawat Boeing 777-300ER dan 747-100, dibutuhkan panjang landasan sepanjang 3.700 m. Untuk kapasitas runway, kebutuhan tahunan sebesar 31.676 operasi per tahun lebih kecil dari volume layanan tahunan sebesar 210.000 operasi per tahun sehingga kapasitas runway belum terlampaui.Untuk menentukan ketebalan perkerasan runway menggunakan pesawat dengan beban roda tunggal terbesar yaitu B747 -100 sehingga B-777-300ER tidak digunakan. Untuk ketebalan perkerasan menggunakan Metode Pesawat Udara Ekuivalen dari FAA dengan metode CBR Metode Perkerasan Fleksibel B-747-100 perhitungan grafik. Hasil:Ketebalan total perkerasan jalan adalah 31 inci ? 89 cm, Ketebalan permukaan (P-403 HMA) 5 in ? 13 cm,Ketebalan lapisan dasar (P-304 Cement Treat Base) adalah 6 inci ? 15 cm, Ketebalan dari subbase course (P-154 sub-course) adalah 24 inci ? 61 cm. Untuk perhitungan drainase didapatkan saluran tertutup (pipa) dengan dimensi inlet 0,25 m x 0,25 m dengan jarak inlet antara 50 m.

HREM interface studies in SiC-whisker-reinforced Al2O3 and Si3N4 ceramics

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 734-735
Author(s):  
W. Braue ◽  
R.W. Carpenter ◽  
D.J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Data ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
All Ceramic ◽  
Sic Whiskers ◽  
Base Composite ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Si3n4 Ceramics

Whisker and fiber reinforcement has been established as an effective toughening concept for monolithic structural ceramics to overcome limited fracture toughness and brittleness. SiC whiskers in particular combine both high strength and elastic moduli with good thermal stability and are compatible with most oxide and nonoxide matrices. As the major toughening mechanisms - crack branching, deflection and bridging - in SiC whiskenreinforced Al2O3 and Si3N41 are critically dependent on interface properties, a detailed TEM investigation was conducted on whisker/matrix interfaces in these all-ceramic- composites.In this study we present HREM images obtained at 400 kV from β-SiC/α-Al2O3 and β-SiC/β-Si3N4 interfaces, as well as preliminary analytical data. The Al2O3- base composite was hotpressed at 1830 °C/60 MPa in vacuum and the Si3N4-base material at 1725 °C/30 MPa in argon atmosphere, respectively, adding a total of 6 vt.% (Y2O3 + Al2O3) to the latter to promote densification.

Microstructure of resistance spot welding of maraging steels

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-901
Author(s):  
I. Neuman ◽  
S.F. Dirnfeld ◽  
I. Minkoff
Keyword(s):  
Maraging Steel ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Maraging Steels ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Current Cycle ◽  
Welding Processes

Experimental work on the spot welding of Maraging Steels revealed a surprisingly low level of strength - both in the as welded and in aged conditions. This appeared unusual since in the welding of these materials by other welding processes (TIG,MIG) the strength level is almost that of the base material. The maraging steel C250 investigated had the composition: 18wt%Ni, 8wt%Co, 5wt%Mo and additions of Al and Ti. It has a nominal tensile strength of 250 KSI. The heat treated structure of maraging steel is lath martensite the final high strength is reached by aging treatment at 485°C for 3-4 hours. During the aging process precipitation takes place of Ni3Mo and Ni3Ti and an ordered solid solution containing Co is formed.Three types of spot welding cycles were investigated: multi-pulse current cycle, bi-pulse cycle and single pulsle cycle. TIG welded samples were also tested for comparison.The microstructure investigations were carried out by SEM and EDS as well as by fractography. For multicycle spot welded maraging C250 (without aging), the dendrites start from the fusion line towards the nugget centre with an epitaxial growth region of various widths, as seen in Figure 1.

scholarly journals Development of laser welding of high strength aluminium alloy 2024-T4 with controlled thermal cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 326 ◽  
pp. 08005
Author(s):  
Mete Demirorer ◽  
Wojciech Suder ◽  
Supriyo Ganguly ◽  
Simon Hogg ◽  
Hassam Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Laser Beam Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Aa 2024 ◽  
Welding Processes

An innovative process design, to avoid thermal degradation during autogenous fusion welding of high strength AA 2024-T4 alloy, based on laser beam welding, is being developed. A series of instrumented laser welds in 2 mm thick AA 2024-T4 alloys were made with different processing conditions resulting in different thermal profiles and cooling rates. The welds were examined under SEM, TEM and LOM, and subjected to micro-hardness examination. This allowed us to understand the influence of cooling rate, peak temperature, and thermal cycle on the growth of precipitates, and related degradation in the weld and heat affected area, evident as softening. Although laser beam welding allows significant reduction of heat input, and higher cooling rates, as compared to other high heat input welding processes, this was found insufficient to completely supress coarsening of precipitate in HAZ. To understand the required range of thermal cycles, additional dilatometry tests were carried out using the same base material to understand the time-temperature relationship of precipitate formation. The results were used to design a novel laser welding process with enhanced cooling, such as with copper backing bar and cryogenic cooling.

Flexural Resistance Analysis on Hot Asphalt Mixtures with Wire Mesh Placement Modeling as Reinforcement

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Romaynoor Ismy ◽  
Husaini ◽  
M. Saleh Sofyan ◽  
M. Isya
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Mesh Placement ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Flexural Resistance ◽  
Resistance Value

Flexural resistance is the ability of a specimen to withstand force in two pedestals with vertical axis until it is broken. Flexible pavement is a type of pavement which is very dependent with pavement course underneath. The dependency of flexible pavement in both base course and subgrade makes this pavement difficult to apply in unstable soil. Using wire mesh course as reinforcement is considerably able to raise the flexural resistance. This study is aimed to analyze flexural resistance value in hot mix by using wire mesh course as reinforcement. The study is conducted by applying experimental method with designing four types of wire mesh laying models in hot mix using three points flexural test equipment. Based on the study result, it is found that hot mix with wire mesh laying 30 mm from specimen surface is the best model type with 291,85 KN flexural resistance value with 8 mm of deflection depth. In this laying, it can be concluded that wire mesh course can raise up the flexural resistance up to 35,41% compared to the hot mix without wire mesh course.

Mechanical Behaviour of Welded Joints Achieved by Multi-Wire Submerged Arc Welding

2017 ◽  
Vol 1143 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Elena Scutelnicu ◽  
Carmen Catalina Rusu ◽  
Bogdan Georgescu ◽  
Octavian Mircea ◽  
Melat Bormambet
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Wire Saw ◽  
Api 5L X70 Steel ◽  
Submerged Arc

The paper addresses the development of advanced welding technologies with two and three solid wires for joining of HSLA API-5l X70 (High-strength low-alloy) steel plates with thickness of 19.1 mm. The experiments were performed using a multi-wire Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) system that was developed for welding of steels with solid, tubular and cold wires, in different combinations. The main goal of the research was to assess the mechanical performances of the welded joints achieved by multi-wire SAW technology and then to compare them with the single wire variant, as reference system. The welded samples were firstly subjected to NDT control by examinations with liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, ultrasonic and gamma radiation, with the aim of detecting the specimens with flaws and afterwards to reconsider and redesign the corresponding Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS). The defect-free welded samples were subjected to tensile, Charpy V-notch impact and bending testing in order to analyse and report the mechanical behaviour of API-5l X70 steel during multi-wire SAW process. The experimental results were processed and comparatively discussed. The challenge of the investigation was to find the appropriate welding technology which responds simultaneously to the criteria of quality and productivity. Further research on metallurgical behaviour of the base material will be developed, in order to conclude the complete image of the SAW process effects and to understand how the multi-wire technologies affect the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of the API-5L X70 steel used in pipelines fabrication.

scholarly journals STUDI PERBANDINGAN MENGENAI PERHITUNGAN BESARAN REGANGAN DI LAPISAN SUBGRADE AKIBAT BEBAN RODA KENDARAAN UNTUK JALAN RAYA KELAS I

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Leonardo Lijuwardi ◽  
Gregorius Sandjaja Sentosa
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Layer System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Strain Calculation ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Large Contact Area ◽  
Vehicle Loads ◽  
Pavement Layers ◽  
Road Data ◽  
Pavement Thickness

ABSTRACTMulti-layer systems theory is one of the concepts used in finding out the amount of strain and stress that occurs in the road pavement system due to vehicle loads. The purpose and goal of this study is to analyze the amount of strain that occurs on the pavement systems in Indonesia, especially in the subgrade position. The type of multi-layer system theory used to calculate the amount of strain includes the theory of one layer systems, two-layer systems and three-layer systems with data analyzed in the form of pavement thickness and type of pavement material.Based on this study, the value of strain obtained by the theory of one-layer system in some of the road data reviewed are 533.8658 microstrains, 361.3456 microstrains, 1577.987601 microstrains, 618,012 microstrains and 140.3075 microstrains. For research with two-layers systems, the results obtained are 1116.2920 microstrains, 544.322 microstrains, 1448.0839 microstrains, 734.1844 microstrains and 738.7226 microstrains. For research with three-layers system, results obtained are 72.20275278; 70.80346908; 192.9638366; 123.1150377dan 391.8845636 microstrains. The results with the calculation of one-layer system are very large because the modulus values of the subgrade layers are not reviewed and only pavement thickness is reviewed. As for calculations with the theory of two-layer systems, the results obtained are far greater than one-layer systems, due to the limitations of the graph to find the value of the ratio between thickness and large contact area. Calculation with the theory of three-layers system is a strain calculation which has a much smaller value compared to the theory of one-layer system and two- layer system. This is because this theory divides the calculated pavement layers into three layers, which is in accordance with the flexible pavement system which divides the pavement layers into three layers, so this calculation is the most ideal calculation because it approaches its original condition.ABSTRAKTeori sistem lapis banyak merupakan salah satu konsep yang digunakan dalam mencari tahu besaran regangan dan tegangan yang terjadi pada sistem perkerasan jalan raya akibat beban kendaraan. Maksud dan tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis mengenai besaran regangan yang terjadi pada jalan raya di Indonesia pada lapisan tanah dasar khususnya di posisi permukaan tanah dasar. Adapun jenis teori sistem lapis banyak yang digunakan untuk menghitung besaran regangan tersebut antara lain teori one-layer systems, two-layers systems dan three-layers systems dengan data yang dianalisis berupa tebal perkerasan dan jenis material perkerasan jalan.Berdasarkan penelitian ini, adapun nilai dari regangan yang diperoleh dengan teori one-layer system di beberapa data jalan yang ditinjau, antara lain 533.8658 mikrostrain, 361.3456 mikrostrain, 1577.987601 mikrostrain, 618.012 mikrostrain dan 140.3075 mikrostrain. Untuk penelitian dengan two-layers system diperoleh hasil yaitu 1116.2920 mikrostrain, 544.322 mikrostrain, 1448.0839 mikrostrain, 734.1844 mikrostrain dan 738.7226 mikrostrain. Untuk penelitian dengan three-layers system diperoleh hasil antara lain 72.20275278; 70.80346908; 192.9638366; 123.1150377 dan 391.8845636 mikrostrain. Hasil dengan perhitungan one-layer system sangat besar dikarenakan nilai modulus lapisan dari subgrade tidak ditinjau dan hanya meninjau tebal perkerasan. Adapun untuk perhitungan dengan teori two-layers system, hasil yang diperoleh jauh lebih besar daripada one-layer system, yang disebabkan keterbatasan dari grafik untuk mencari nilai perbandingan antara ketebalan dan luas kontak yang besar. Perhitungan dengan teori three-layers system merupakan perhitungan regangan yang memiliki nilai jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan teori one-layer system dan two-layer systems. Hal ini dikarenakan teori ini membagi lapisan perkerasan yang dihitung menjadi tiga buah lapisan, yang sesuai dengan sistem perkerasan lentur yang membagi lapisan perkerasan menjadi tiga buah lapisan, sehingga perhitungan ini merupakan perhitungan yang paling ideal karena mendekati kondisi aslinya.

scholarly journals DESAIN ULANG DAN ANALISIS RESPONS STRUKTURAL PERKERASAN LENTUR PADA JALAN TOL JAKARTA-CIKAMPEK

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Verell Rengga Harsvardan ◽  
Anissa Noor Tajudin
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Toll Road ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Structural Responses ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Pavement Thickness

This research will redesign the flexible pavement on the Kalihurip-Cikampek toll road using three flexible pavement design methods, namely the 2002, 2013 and 2017 methods, and analyze the structural responses that occur in the form of horizontal and vertical strain, the main components. In calculating the value of repetition of permits against fatigue damage (Nf) and groove cracks (Nd), it is processed using the KENPAVE program. Furthermore, the calculation results of the flexible pavement thickness, the value of repetition of permits against fatigue damage (Nf) and groove crack damage (Nd) were compared from the three methods. The method used is mechanistic-empirical. Primary data is obtained from the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing and LHR0 starting in 2020, taking into account traffic growth from 2020 to 2035, as well as secondary data assumptions by referring to previous regulations and research. The results of this study indicate that the 2002 method produced the largest pavement thickness, while the 2013 and 2017 methods produced relatively the same pavement thickness. However, the 2002 method produced the largest repetition of permits against fatigue damage (Nf) and groove cracks (Nd). So it can be concluded that the 2017 method produces a better design. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini akan mendesain ulang perkerasan lentur pada Jalan Tol Jakarta-Cikampek ruas Kalihurip-Cikampek menggunakan tiga metode desain perkerasan lentur yaitu metode 2002, 2013, dan 2017, serta menganalisis respons struktral yang terjadi berupa regangan horisontal dan vertikal, komponen utama dalam menghitung nilai repetisi izin terhadap kerusakan fatik (Nf) dan retak alur (Nd), diolah menggunakan program KENPAVE. Selanjutnya dibandingkan hasil perhitungan tebal perkerasan lentur, nilai repetisi izin terhadap kerusakan fatik (Nf) dan kerusakan retak alur (Nd) dari ketiga metode tersebut. Metode yang digunakan mekanistik-empiris. Data primer didapat dari Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) dan LHR0 dimulai pada tahun 2020, memperhitungkan pertumbuhan lalu lintas dari tahun 2020 sampai 2035, serta data sekunder asumsi dengan tetap mengacu pada peraturan dan penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode 2002 menghasilkan tebal perkerasan terbesar, sedangkan metode 2013 dan 2017 menghasilkan tebal perkerasan yang relatif sama. Namun metode 2002 menghasilkan repetisi izin terhadap kerusakan fatik (Nf) dan retak alur (Nd) terbesar. Sehingga disimpulkan metode 2017 menghasilkan desain lebih baik.

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