scholarly journals Accounting Policies of Organizations Engaged in Foreign Economic Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 6-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Gribushenkova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Scientific Base ◽  
Tax Accounting ◽  
Accounting Policy

The purpose of the study is to develop the concept of the internal regulation “accounting policy” of an organization, taking into account the peculiarities of the legal framework for accounting and controlling export operations. The methodological basis is a dialectical approach to the phenomena and processes of financial and economic operations of organizations engaged in foreign economic activity. To research the problem the following methodological approaches were used: systemic approach, deduction and induction, comparative analysis, specification, formally legal assessment of documentation. The paper discusses the procedure for drawing up accounting policies, taking into account the peculiarities of accounting and tax accounting of export operations and the requirements of the legislative and regulatory framework for foreign economic activity. The emphasis is placed on the forms of the accounting documents applied and the contents of the chart of accounts, in which it is necessary to provide for the accounts of the first, second (subaccounts) and third (subcontos) orders to obtain the detailed information on each export transaction, assets and liabilities. The author proves that when drawing up accounting policies for tax accounting purposes, it is necessary to consider accounting policies of accounting as a whole. The results obtained complement and expand the other economic academics’ scientific base on how to organize accounting of foreign economic activity. The presented model of the regulation “accounting policy” of the organization will be useful in the practical activities of entities carrying out foreign trade operations.

scholarly journals Market size and foreign trade as determinants of national competitiveness sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Milica Jovanović ◽  
Aleksandar Đorđević
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Large Market ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
National Market ◽  
Small Market

Market size in many ways determines the national competitiveness of an economy. If there is a large national market, it is a source of demand for manufacturing companies. There are cases where the national economy has a large market and a weak industry, e.g. Russia, while on the other hand, Switzerland, which has a small market size, compensates that with productivity and exports to other markets. Market size and foreign trade complement each other in influencing the sustainability of national competitiveness. If there is a large market and insufficient industry to meet the demand in that market, it is necessary to import the products and satisfy the needs of the domestic market. However, the small national market and the production of a large quantity of products that it cannot absorb requires export to other markets. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the competitiveness of Serbia and countries in the region, and their indices of market sizes, which include, but are not limited to, foreign market percentages and exports. Certainly, both determinants significantly affect national competitiveness and its sustainability.

scholarly journals DYNAMIC AND STRUCTURAL DISPROPORTATIONS OF THE BALANCE IN FOREIGN TRADE IN TEXTILE GOODS OF THE EAEU AND BELARUS

2022 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
К. Bykau
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Mutual Trade ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Trade Partners

The article is devoted to the study of the balance of foreign trade in textile goods (C13) in two directions: on the one hand, the EAEU in mutual trade and with third countries, on the other hand, Belarus in mutual trade with the EAEU member states and third countries. A comparative analysis of the dynamics and changes in the structure of key indicators of foreign trade in the context of the main commodity groups, goods and key foreign trade partners has been carried out. The author identified the reasons and factors that have a negative impact on the dynamics of the balance of foreign trade in textiles between the EAEU and Belarus in order to make management decisions.

MECHANISMS OF THE ENTERPRISE’S INTERACTION WITH SUPPLIERS DURING IMPORT OPERATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Valerii M. Tumin ◽  
◽  
Petr A. Kostromin ◽  
Yan A. Sidorov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Tax Accounting

This article is devoted to the consideration of the key mechanisms of the enterprise’s interaction with suppliers in import operations in the foreign trade. The article studies the import transactions’ nature and types, the operations’ main stages and considers the features in documenting them. The primary focus is made on the mechanisms of interaction during those operations. The authors characterize elements of the coordinated interaction’s mechanism in the system “customer-supplier”, they are: the interaction mechanism’s forming principles, the choice of the interaction’s coordinating parameters, conducting the basic interaction procedures, finding a compromise for the relations’ stability. The article describes the content and role of international agreements’ terms standardized in accordance with the Incoterms’ requirements in documenting the export-import operations. It presents the terminology most frequently used in the foreign trade operations and deals in differences in the book-keeping accounting and tax accounting of foreign economic activity from similar operations between internal divisions of the organization and operations within the country. The authors emphasize the importance of taking into account all the opinions of stakeholders – participants in the chain of the foreign economic activity linking the producer to the consumer of goods (and there may be more than 10 of them in global value chains). They also list principal operations that must be performed when organizing the delivery of goods. Conclusions are drawn about the importance of the ability to find compromises for an effective business management in the foreign trade transacting.

scholarly journals Production and Foreign Trade of Mineral Products in Latvia and Belarus

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Ilze Sproge ◽  
Irina Curkina ◽  
Sandra Jekabsone ◽  
Valentina Tsilibina ◽  
Julia Rumyantseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Limited Scope

Latvia and Belarus are small countries with limited scope of natural resources. However, the available mineral resources play important role in production of mineral products for domestic and foreign consumption. Main goal of the paper is to characterize the role of extraction industry in national economy and mineral products trade in two neighboring countries - Latvia and Belarus. To achieve the goal, the role of mining and quarrying industry in Latvia and Belarus was identified; trade of mineral resources in Latvia was analyzed. The main trends in the development of its own mineral resources of the Republic of Belarus were identified, the role of mineral resources in the commodity structure of foreign trade of the Republic of Belarus was shown, ways to increase the level of security of the country's own organic and mineral resources were determined, including the improvement of the legal framework. The research was performed in 2012; the following methods were used in the paper: comparative analysis and synthesis, statistical analysis and monographic methods.

scholarly journals Liquidity and accounts receivable ratios : comparative analysis of companies in the dairy sector trading in the bolsa de valores de Lima

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-228
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Vásquez Villanueva ◽  
Otto Franklin Terry Ponte ◽  
Marylin Jhosmit Huaman Tito ◽  
Carlo Stefano Cerna Carrazco
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Accounts Receivable ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Probabilistic Sample

The purpose of the study was to analyze accounts receivable and liquidity in dairy sector companies listed on the BVL; The methodology used was descriptive - comparative, of a non-experimental design with a cross section. The technique that was used was the documentary analysis and the analysis sheet was used as an instrument; On the other hand, the non-probabilistic sample consisted of 20 annual financial statements, in turn made up of two companies in the dairy sector from 2015 to 2019; On this basis, the financial comparison indicators were calculated. The results determined that the company Leche Gloria SA, managed to obtain a better collection sufficiency due to the speed in the recovery of its loans granted, while Laive SA was slow to recover the cash from the sales made; Regarding liquidity, the two companies had good payment capacity to meet their obligations and short-term debts, exceeding the estimated range. It was concluded that by having good collection standards, companies obtain considerable liquidity to make the corresponding payments and avoid production stagnation according to economic activity.

scholarly journals Accounting and tax accounting for the accrual of depreciation of fixed assets and ways of convergence

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 02020
Author(s):  
Hafis Hajiyev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Other Comprehensive Income ◽  
Commercial Organizations ◽  
Tax Accounting

Research background: As you know, one of the main accounting principles that determine the methodology for assessing the facts of economic life is business continuity. Compliance with this principle by commercial organizations is associated with many factors, one of which is their ability to provide funding for the continuation and development of activities. Carrying out activities for the acquisition of new or modernization and technical re-equipment of existing fixed assets implies one-time cash costs. That is why one of the main sources of financing for updating and modernization and technical re-equipment of fixed assets is depreciation deductions. Depreciation deductions for fixed assets in accounting and tax accounting are calculated differently, which determines the relevance and need for a clear study of accounting procedures in the field of their accounting. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the procedure for calculating and accounting for depreciation deductions for fixed assets in accounting and tax accounting and to study ways to bring them closer together. Methods: Methods of comparative analysis, induction and deduction were used in the article. Findings & Value added: The current rules for calculating depreciation deductions for fixed assets and their reflection in accounting and reporting do not provide a reliable reflection of the facts of economic activity of the enterprise. And this in turn leads to a misunderstanding by the respective users of the contents of the statement of financial position and the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and the essence of depreciation itself.

scholarly journals Guardianship and Health Decisions in China and Australia: A Comparative Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindy WILLMOTT ◽  
Ben WHITE ◽  
Christopher STACKPOOLE ◽  
Shih-Ning THEN ◽  
Hongjie MAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Decisions ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Do So

AbstractThis article compares the Australian and Chinese adult guardianship systems, and considers whether there is potential for drawing on some (or many) aspects of the Australian model for the Chinese legal framework. Australia has a well-developed guardianship framework that provides mechanisms for making healthcare decisions when an adult is no longer able to do so. This framework has evolved over many years and, in some cases, individuals can decide about medical treatment in advance of the situation arising, or who should be the decision-maker if he or she later loses capacity. The current Chinese legal framework, on the other hand, is a fragmented one and comprises laws that were not designed to deal with how healthcare decisions can be made for a person without capacity. This article outlines the legal framework in both jurisdictions and considers whether, having regard to the fact that these two countries have different values and cultures, there are features of the Australian guardianship system that could inform the development of Chinese law.

scholarly journals Public and private economic and legal interests in the field of international transport in the latest edition of Incoterms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Petro Matvieiev ◽  
Olga Klepikova ◽  
Liudmila Kornuta ◽  
Mahir Abbaszade ◽  
Serhii Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Logical Semantic

The article examines the importance of maintaining a balance of public and private interests when using "autonomy of will" in international trade. The relevance of this study is because the field of international transport is dynamic (closely related to the economy), the sphere of public activity that requires constant monitoring and updating. Purpose: to investigate the process of implementation of economic and legal tasks in the field of international transportation, taking into account the entry into force of the new version of the Code of Trade Rules - Incoterms. Methodology: logical-semantic, historical, analytical, comparative analysis, and synthesis. Research results: such foreign economic activity as international transportation is considered, the basic conditions of Incoterms 2020 terms concerning international transportations and conditions of realization by contractors of the economic-legal interests through observance of these conditions are allocated and analyzed in detail. The work can be used in preparation for the conclusion of a foreign trade agreement.

Scientific methodological approaches to the developmentof strategy of sustainable development of territorial communities

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Olexander Martynyuk ◽  
Inna Studennikova ◽  
Volodymyr Hromozdov ◽  
Victor Maliarevsky
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Structured Approach ◽  
Developing Strategies

The purpose of the article is to propose methodological assistance to the selfgovernment system in developing strategies for sustainable development of territorialcommunities. Methodology. The research used the works of foreign and domesticspecialists involved in the development of sustainable development strategies.Authors applied methods of scientific comparative analysis, general scientificmethods of theoretical, empirical research and a method of expert evaluation. Scientificnovelty includes clear well-structured approach to identification of what is neededto develop a strategy of territorial communities’ development, important tasks fora working group, SWOT analysis methods, what should be analysed to achievestrategic goals and consistency of organizational details. Conclusions. Complianceto the proposed scientific methodological approaches to the development of thestrategies of territorial communities’ sustainable development enables the communityto obtain a strategic algorithm for its sustainable development.

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