scholarly journals Fisionomias das Restingas do Delta do Parnaíba, Nordeste, Brasil (Faces of the Salt Marshes of Delta Parnaíba, Norteastern Brasil)

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Soares Santos-Filho ◽  
Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida Jr. ◽  
Caio J. dos Reis Santos Soares ◽  
Carmen Silvia Zickel
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
The State ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Frequent Species ◽  
Concise Description

O presente trabalho traz uma caracterização das restingas da Área de Preservação Ambiental do Delta do Parnaíba, litoral do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram estudadas e georreferenciadas as formações vegetais das áreas assentadas sobre solos Quaternários. Foram identificados os três tipos de fisionomias também presentes em outras restingas de diferentes regiões do litoral brasileiro, assim como os subtipos mais freqüentes. Além de uma concisa descrição das fisionomias encontradas no local, o trabalho traz uma lista das espécies mais freqüentes que predominam nestas paisagens.Palavras-Chave: Restingas – Fisionomia da vegetação – Área de Preservação Ambiental do Delta do Parnaíba.  Faces of the Salt Marshes of Delta Parnaíba, Norteastern Brasil   ABSTRACT This paper attempts to characterize ";;;;;;;;;;;;;Restinga";;;;;;;;;;;;; (coastal vegetation) located at EPAs (Environmental Protection Areas) in the Parnaiba river delta by the coast of the state of Piauí, in the northeast of Brazil. Vegetation forms in areas over on soils of the Quaternary age were studied and geographically-referenced. The three types of physiognomy were identified, these being the same types found at other ";;;;;;;;;;;;;Restinga";;;;;;;;;;;;; areas on the Brazilian coast, as well as the most frequent subtypes. Along with a concise description of the physiognomy found on the coast of Piauí, this paper also brings a list of the most frequent species that predominate in this landscape.  Keywords: Vegetal Physiognomy – Parnaiba River Delta Environmental Protection Areas.

Geoecological analysis of the Russian Federation regions representation in the state program “Environmental Protection”

2020 ◽  
Vol 957 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
E.A. Kravets
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
State Program ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
The Russian Federation

The author offers mapping and geoecological analysis of the Russian Federation regions presence in the state program “Environmental Protection”. The unequal distribution of the program’s targets and activities in different regions is revealed. A considerable number of relevant environmental problems for several mentioned regions have not been reflected in the program. It is important to increase the area of specially protected natural areas for a significant number of subjects of the Russian Federation. The status “part of the territory occupied by specially protected natural territories of Federal value in the total area of the subject of the Russian Federation” is recommended to be assigned all regions of Russia. Identification and elimination of objects of accumulated environmental damage that threat to the Volga river is relevant, at least for all the regions in which the Volga flows. Not all regions with a high level of air pollution and/or large masses of air pollutants have the indicator “reduction of total emissions for the reporting year”. It is necessary to increase the Program of measures for the protection of rare and endangered species of plants and to expand the list of regions in which it is planned to protect rare and endangered species of animals.

Giving effect to the human right to a clean environment in Botswana

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Tinashe Madebwe ◽  
Emma Chitsove ◽  
Jimcall Pfumorodze
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Environmental Rights ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

Environmental deterioration remains a concern in Botswana. Despite efforts being made to address this issue by the state, more needs to be done in this regard. This is particularly interesting in the light of reports that the country is looking to draft a new constitution. Against this backdrop, this article considers whether including environmental rights in Botswana’s constitution would advance environmental protection efforts. To this end, the article relies on experiences with rights drawn from different jurisdictions across the world, as well as commentary on these experiences, to build a tool for measuring the extent to which the turn to environmental rights holds value in a given jurisdiction. Using this tool, and drawing from experiences in looking to establish environmental rights in Botswana, the article measures the extent to which including the right in the constitution would hold value in advancing Botswana’s pursuit of environmental protection objectives.

scholarly journals Three new species of Scissurellidae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) from the coast of Brazil

1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (0) ◽  
pp. 01-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Ch. Montouchet
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Three New Species

A consultation of the original descriptions of the genera of Scissurellidae led the author to conclude that the valid names for the genera of this family are: Scissurella d'Orbigny, 1823 (redescription by Sowerby, 1824), Anatoma Woodward, 1859, Inoisura Hedley, 1904, Scissurona Iredale, 1924, Sinezona Finlay, 1927. Scissurella and Anatoma are cosmopolites, the first generally living in shallow waters, associated to sea-weeds, while the second is found in deep waters. The three last genera are restricted to Australasia. Three new species are described from the Brazilian coast: Soissu rella alexandrei, Scissurella eleotilis and Scissurella morretesi. The internal anatomy of S. alexandrei is described. These three new species have been found in littoral shallow waters, the two first on the northeast Brazilian coast, the third on the coast of the State of São Paulo. The fourth known species of Scissurellidae from Brazil, Anatoma aedonia (Watson, 1886), was dredged by H.M.S, "Challenger", in 1873, off Pernambuco, 350 fm (640 m).

scholarly journals Recovery and Restoration of Biloxi Marsh in the Mississippi River Delta

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3179
Author(s):  
G. Paul Kemp ◽  
Elizabeth C. McDade ◽  
John W. Day ◽  
Robert R. Lane ◽  
Nancye H. Dawers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
The State ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Mississippi River Delta ◽  
Industry Data ◽  
River Deltas ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Restoration Measures ◽  
Different Levels

The State of Louisiana is leading an integrated wetland restoration and flood risk reduction program in the Mississippi River Delta. East of New Orleans, Biloxi Marsh, a ~1700 km2 peninsula jutting 60 km north toward the State of Mississippi is one of few Delta wetland tracts well positioned to dissipate hurricane surge and waves threatening the city’s newly rebuilt hurricane flood defenses. Both its location on the eastern margin of the Delta, and its genesis as the geologic core of the shallow water St. Bernard/Terre aux Boeuf sub-delta, which was the primary Mississippi outlet for almost 2000 years, make Biloxi Marsh attractive for restoration, now that the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet deep-draft ship channel has been dammed, and 50 years of impacts from construction and operation have abated. Now, the cascade of ecosystem damage it caused can be reversed or offset by restoration projects that leverage natural recovery and increased access to suspended sediment from the Mississippi River. Biloxi Marsh is (1) geologically stable, (2) benefiting from increased input of river sediment, and (3) could be restored to sustainability earlier and for a longer period than most of the rest of the submerging Mississippi Delta. The focus of this review is on the Biloxi Marsh, but it also provides a template for regional studies, including analysis of 2D and 3D seismic and other energy industry data to explore why existing marshes that look similar on the ground or from the air may respond to restoration measures with different levels of success. Properties of inherent durability and resilience can be exploited in restoration project selection, sequencing and expenditure. Issues encountered and investigative methods applied in the Biloxi Marsh are likely to resonate across initiatives now contemplated to sustain valuable river deltas worldwide.

scholarly journals Mechanisms for Management of Environmental Protection in Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Массеров ◽  
D. Messerov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Of The Environment

The experience of the industrialized countries on the state of the environment monitoring convincing shows that their success in environmental regulation are mainly due to the use of modern environmental management methods. The experience of the European Union concerning the control mechanisms in the field of environmental protection and the possibility of its application in Russia are analyzed.

scholarly journals Planowanie przestrzenne jako instrument oddziaływania na ochronę zasobów naturalnych i gospodarkę nieruchomościami

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Marian Zdyb
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Local Law

<p>In view of growing threats in this respect, the protection of natural resources is undoubtedly becoming a serious challenge, both for the state and for each citizen. Therefore, this article is supposed to draw attention to the problem of searching for optimal instruments for the protection of these resources. This is about creating and developing appropriate standards in legal regulations regarding environmental protection, protection of nature, water, air, national and landscape parks, nature monuments, etc. as well as protection of natural resources in cities and human settlements. Undoubtedly, spatial planning is of paramount significance in this matter, in particular local spatial development plans and the appropriate instruments of action resulting from them. Their significance should be considered particularly important because they are generally applicable law as acts of local law.</p>

scholarly journals BIOGEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MARANHENSE EASTERN MESOREGION (BRAZIL)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Pereira Lima ◽  
Carlos Alberto Algarves Peixoto Neto ◽  
Yuri Teixeira Amaral ◽  
Glécio Machado Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
The State ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Peripheral Areas

AbstractThis review aims to study the main aspects of Maranhense East Mesoregion Biogeography of the state portion has suffered socio-economic and cultural changes, besides environmental conflicts due to the advance of capitalist agriculture as soy and eucalyptus agribusiness. The Maranhense East Mesoregion is formed by the union of 44cities grouped into six microregions: Chapadinha, Coelho Neto, Baixo Parnaíba Maranhense, Chapada do Alto Itapecuru, Codó, and Caxias. Historically, this mesoregion had its occupation linked to peripheral areas to the large cotton plantations of the Itapecuru and cattle creation in Pastos Bons, in the XVII and XVIII century. The economy of this mesoregion is mainly based on Eucalyptus for pulp and paper, soybean, maize, and sugarcane. It must be emphasized that the introduction of the soybean, sugarcane, the expansion of eucalyptus and the charcoal production increased the pollution of the rivers and the destruction of native resources. The lack of inspection as to legal reserve areas in rural properties and the lack of conservation units in this region may be considered as aggravating in relation to the intense expansion of agricultural activities. The vegetation of the Maranhense East Mesoregion encompasses several formations, being basically characterized by the forests of babassu and the areas of cerrado latu senso, besides the small patches of Caatinga near the border with the state of Piaui and transitional formations. The climate is typical of tropical zones, predominantly As in the Parnaíba Delta region and the Aw throughout the rest of the mesoregion, with annual average temperatures between 24°C to 28°C and precipitation index with values between 1800mm to 1000mm. The studied mesoregion has only five Conservation Unit: Mirador State Park, Morros Garapenses State Environmental Protection Area, Parnaíba Delta Environmental Protection Area, Parnaíba Delta Marine Extractive Reserve, Chapada Limpa Extractive Reserve.Keywords: Maranhão geography. Environmental conservation. Socioeconomic aspects.CARACTERIZAÇÃO BIOGEOGRÁFICA DA MESORREGIÃO LESTE MARANHENSE (BRASIL)ResumoEsta revisão tem como objetivo estudar os principais aspectos da Biogeografia da Mesorregião Leste Maranhense, porção do estado que tem sofrido mudanças socioeconômicas e culturais, além de conflitos ambientaisdevido ao avanço da agricultura capitalista como o agronegócio da soja e eucalipto. A Mesorregião Leste Maranhense é formada pela união de 44 municípios agrupados em seis microrregiões: Chapadinha, Coelho Neto, Baixo Parnaíba Maranhense, Chapadas do Alto Itapecuru, Codó e Caxias. Historicamente, esta mesorregião teve sua ocupação ligada às áreas periféricas às grandes plantações de algodão do Itapecuru e criação de gados em Pastos Bons, no século XVII e XVIII. A economia desta mesorregião baseia-se principalmente no Eucalipto para a produção de celulose e papel, soja, milho e cana-de-açúcar. Deve-se ressaltar que a introdução da soja, da cana-de-açúcar, a expansão do eucalipto e a produção de carvão vegetal aumentaram a poluição dos rios e a destruição de recursos nativos. A falta de fiscalização quanto às áreas de reserva legal nas propriedades rurais e a falta de unidades de conservação nesta região, podem ser consideradas como agravantes em relação à expansão intensa das atividades agropecuárias. A cobertura vegetal da mesorregião Leste maranhense engloba várias formações, sendo basicamente caracterizada pelas florestas de babaçu e pelas áreas de cerrado lato senso, além das pequenas manchas de caatinga próximas à fronteira com o estado do Piauí e formações transicionais. O clima da região é característico das zonas tropicais, predominantemente As na região doDelta do Parnaíba e o Aw em todo o restante da mesorregião, com temperaturas médias anuais entre 24 °C até 28 °C e índices de precipitação pluviométrica com valores entre 1800 mm a 1000 mm. A mesorregião estudada apresenta apenas cinco Unidades de Conservação: Parque Estadual do Mirador, Área de Proteção Ambiental Estadual dos Morros Garapenses, Área de Proteção Ambiental do Delta do Parnaíba, Reserva Extrativista Marinha do Delta do Parnaíba, Reserva Extrativista de Chapada Limpa.Palavras-chave: Geografia do Maranhão. Conservação ambiental. Aspectos socioeconômicos.

scholarly journals NATURE-BASED COASTAL PROTECTION: WAVE DAMPING BY FLEXIBLE SALT MARSH VEGETATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Thomas J van Veelen ◽  
Harshinie Karunarathna ◽  
William G Bennett ◽  
Tom P Fairchild ◽  
Dominic E Reeve
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Wave Damping ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Wave Energy Dissipation

The ability of coastal vegetation to attenuate waves has been well established (Moller et al., 2014). Salt marshes are vegetated coastal wetlands that can act as nature- based coastal defenses. They exhibit a range of plant species, which have been shown to differ in the amount of wave damping they provide (Mullarney & Henderson, 2018). Recent studies have shown that plant flexibility is a key parameter that controls wave energy dissipation (Paul et al., 2016). Yet, no model exists that includes plant flexibility in computationally efficient manner for large-scale coastal zones. Therefore, we have developed a new model for flexible vegetation based on the key mechanisms in the wave-vegetation interaction and applied it to an estuary with diverse salt marsh vegetation.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/AjnFx3aFSzs

The Supreme Court of India and Inter-State water dispute: an analysis of the judgments on Mullaperiyar Dam

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003-1018
Author(s):  
M. P. Ram Mohan ◽  
Krittika Chavaly
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
The State ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Supreme Court Of India ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
State Water ◽  
Inter State

This paper addresses the issue of the Mullaperiyar Dam dispute between Kerala and Tamil Nadu with specific reference to the two judgments delivered by the Supreme Court of India on the matter. This paper attempts to examine the arguments, facts, and the judgment of the Court on each of the primary issues raised during the course of the dispute. The first case was filed by the Mullaperiyar Environmental Protection Forum in 2001, wherein the Court adjudged the case in favour of the respondents, the State of Tamil Nadu. Consequently, due to certain developments, examined in the course of the second case, the State of Tamil Nadu filed a petition before the Supreme Court against Kerala in 2006 seeking relief for the actions on the part of the latter after the judgment in the first case. A Constitution Bench was constituted to adjudicate this case, which re-examined certain issues raised during the first case and conclusively laid down its decision in favour of Tamil Nadu.

Zooarchaeological evidence that the brown mussel (Perna perna) is a bioinvader of coastal Brazil

The Holocene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson P Silva ◽  
Rosa CCL Souza ◽  
Tania A Lima ◽  
Flávio C Fernandes ◽  
Kita D Macario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Perna Perna ◽  
Great Probability ◽  
Haplotypic Diversity ◽  
Brazilian Populations

Interactions between invader species and the local biota may lead to disequilibria in regional ecosystems. For such reason, the cultivation of nonnative species may be prohibited in specific regions, as a means of protecting native species. On the other hand, the question of whether a species is a bioinvader or not may not be straightforward. This is the case of the mollusc Perna perna, presently naturalized and widely distributed along Brazilian coast, from the Bay of Vitória, in the state of Espírito Santo (ES), to the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Following previous works that explored the hypothesis that P. perna invaded the coast of Brazil at the colonial period, attached to slave ships, we discuss zooarchaeological data, radiocarbon dating, and molecular genetics analyses. Out of the 578 archeological shellmounds investigated, 542 (93.8%) had no records of P. perna. From the radiocarbon dating results, it is possible to infer that the presence of the two P. perna specimens from the Saquarema shellmound, in Rio de Janeiro, as well as the other shells from the top layer, is likely related to a recent occupation of the site in the colonial period, with a great probability of being from the XVII or XVIII centuries. Data on genetic population structure of P. perna along the Brazilian coast showed higher genetic identities between the African and the Brazilian populations than among the Brazilian populations, while haplotypic diversity shows a pattern which relates to trade routes of slaves (XVII and XVIII centuries) between Africa and Brazil. These data reinforce the argument that the appearance of P. perna along the Brazilian coast is due to invasion during historical time.

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