scholarly journals PATTERNS OF APOLOGETIC UTTERANCES EXPRESSED BY ENGLISH STUDENTS AND NON-ENGLISH STUDENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Hawa ◽  
Rahmawati Sukmaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
English Department ◽  
Biology Students ◽  
Biology Department ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
English Students ◽  
The Way

This study aimed at finding out the patterns of apologetic utterance expressed by English department students and non-English department students. The participants of this study were 20 students of English department and 20 students of Biology department students. The data were taken from Discourse Completion Task serving 5 different situations. The responses of the situations were categorized into different patterns of apology offered by Olshtains (1983). The result showed that English students and Biology students have different characteristics in uttering apology. The English students tend to be straight to the point in uttering apology followed by a bit of explanation, while Biology students like to have long apology with more detail explanation. There is no significant difference in the realization of apology speech act uttered by the students. No factor influences the difference in the way they convey apology. Both applies similar various strategies to apologize. Direct apology and Direct Apology followed by Explanation are mostly chosen by the students as the strategies in conveying apology.

scholarly journals How does Technological Dependence Affect Consumer Shopping Behavior among Baby Boomers, Millennials, and Digital Natives?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1004-1009
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syah Fibrika Ramadhan ◽  
Nisrina Anggi Syahputri
Keyword(s):  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Brand Choice ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

As the technology develop rapidly, people’s life is more convenient in many aspects. For instance, technology is facilitating the way people shop. In this day and age, people does not need to go to market to buy things they want as they can get it by online shopping. This way is certainly saving the time, the money as well because they do not need to pay the transportation cost. However, with the assistances that technology offered, not all people are overly dependent on technology. Some of them, mostly baby boomers gen, tend to life the old-fashioned way. This research aims to find out the difference among three generations, including baby boomers, millennials, and digital natives in their dependence on technology and how it affects their shopping behavior including the shopping objective, shopping frequency, deciding online or offline, shopping hour as well as brand choice. This study investigated about 138 persons, consisted of 30 (22%) baby boomers, 34 (25%) millennials, and 74 (53%) digital natives. The data were collected using the questionnaire consisted of 29 questions related to daily interaction to technology and shopping behavior. Oneway ANOVA was used to analyze the data. The result shows that among baby boomers, millennials, and digital natives have different responses of their technological dependence relating to shopping behavior. However, there is no significant difference among three generations. Each generation have different trait of shopping. Thus, the marketer should to know what kind of generation of their target in order to give the appropriate marketing.

scholarly journals Motivation Application: The Key to Stimulating Work Productivity in Jordanian Private Universities

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Adnan M. Rawashdeh
Keyword(s):  
Academic Staff ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Employee Benefits ◽  
Labor Turnover ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

Motivation program was found to be the most commonly applied mechanism among firms, providing employees with multiple financial or non-financial rewards. It aims at raising the employees’ interest, attracting and retaining talented employees, rewarding employees based on the value they create and encourages them to work hard to achieve the goals set by organizations. The study has assessed the way motivational practices are applied as a mechanism for improving work productivity, and to establish the difference caused by gender in the application of motivation practices in Jordanian private universities. Such motivation tools have been exaimened, training, work conditions, rewards, promotion, and employee benefits. Quantitative approach has been applied in this study and data was obtained through a questionnaire survey. A total of 320 respondents were selected as a study sample including; professors, associate professors, assistant professors, senior lecturers, lecturer, and assistant lecturer. Additionally, 253 completed questionnaires were analyzed as a final sample using descriptive analysis and independent t-sample test performed by SPSS. Two hypotheses were developed based on literature review. The results indicate that respondents were not motivated by motivational practices applied by private universities. There was a positive relationship between motivation tools (training, financial rewards, promotion, working conditions, and employee benefits) and work productivity, and there was no significant difference caused by gender in the way motivation practices were applied.This study contributs to support the literature that’s not much available on the level of application of motivation practices to the academic staff in arab private universities particuallarly in Jordanian private universities. It recommends universities management to set academic staff salary based on the cost of living, labor market conditions and performance to retain talented staff and to avoid high labor turnover. Also, management should take into account the promotion practice as a motivator that may attract and retain talented academic staff. Future studies may investigate more motivation practices in the same industry or comparing Jordanian private universities with other private universities in the Middle East area based on these variables.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Persuasive Strategies in English Social and Commercial Advertisements

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-625
Author(s):  
Somayyeh Motallebi ◽  
Davud Kuhi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pragmatic Strategies ◽  
Cooperative Principles

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the difference between 35 social and 35 commercial ads that gathered through the internet. Socio-pragmatic strategies that used in ads including Grice (1975) cooperative principle (CP), Leech (1983) politeness principle (PP) and Searle (1970) speech act to persuade persuadees. The findings revealed that cooperative principles are mostly observed in both kinds of advertisement. And there was significant difference in social and commercial ads. This paper indicates that cooperative principles appear to be the more powerful constraints in advertising discourse than politeness principles. As well politeness principles are to be applied in commercial ads significantly more than in social ads. Speech acts are similarly observed in social and commercial ads and they are almost never violated.

Czech gamblers view on luck as the cause of uncontrollable events

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s860-s860
Author(s):  
T. Dlhosova ◽  
R. Kundt
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Control ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Luck Attribution ◽  
The Way

The belief in deterministic luck is considered to be one of the factors contributing to maintenance of gambling behavior. This belief was found to be stronger during the gamble situation in problematic gamblers than non-problematic. The present study deals with the difference in luck attribution between the Czech gamblers and the control group. The main goal was to find out whether the difference between belief in luck is also present in non-gamble situation. A questionnaire containing the Belief in luck and luckiness scale and 14 stories of uncontrollable events was administered to 30 pathological gamblers and 30 matched participant (by age, education, gender and nationality), who did not play any hazard games regularly. In uncontrollable events participants chose from non-material causes (luck, chance, god, destiny) one they believed to be the best fit. Results have shown a statistically significant difference between gamblers and control group in the way of attributing the causes. Control group has chosen significantly more “chance” option meanwhile gamblers opted for luck, God and destiny. There was no statistically significant difference in explicitly formulated belief in luck. It seems that the stronger casual attribution of luck, god and destiny in pathological gamblers compared to non-gamblers are not restricted only to gaming situations. Rather we can find it in other uncontrollable events as well. The absence of the difference between patients and control group in explicit belief in luck measured by questionnaire could be pointing to the stronger effect of the treatment for explicit belief than for more subtle causal attributing.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals “You don’t seem to know how to work”

Pragmatics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie G.E. Ho ◽  
Alex Henry ◽  
Sharifah N.H. Alkaff
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Oral Discourse ◽  
Know How ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims firstly to compare the complaints of local native-Malay speakers and expatriate native-English speakers in Brunei in terms of move structure and levels of directness combined with the frequency of modality markers; and secondly, it attempts to address the relationship between polite behaviour and its effectiveness in eliciting the appropriate response from the hearer. Data from an oral discourse completion task show interesting similarities and differences in the complaint move structure between the two groups of speakers. Superficially, there appears to be no significant difference between the two sets of complaints in terms of levels of directness, but a detailed analysis shows each group employing different mitigating strategies to minimise the force of a complaint. Furthermore, responses from an acceptability judgement questionnaire indicate that being indirect, and therefore polite, may not be effective in eliciting the appropriate response to a request for action in a complaint speech act.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of NCAA Bone Stress Injuries: A Comparison of Athletes in Divisions I, II, and III

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 232596712110144
Author(s):  
Andrew Bratsman ◽  
Audrey Wassef ◽  
Christina R. Wassef ◽  
Prathap Jayaram ◽  
J. Bruce Mosely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Bone Stress ◽  
Class Composition ◽  
Stress Injuries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ncaa Athletics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Characteristics

Background: Bone stress injuries (BSIs) are a major source of functional impairment in athletes of all sports, with many risk factors, including athlete characteristics and type of sport. In National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletics, the stratification of programs into divisions with different characteristics and makeup has been identified as increasing the risk for certain kinds of injuries, but there have been no studies on the difference of BSI rates and characteristics between athletes in Division I (DI) and those in Divisions II and III (DII and DIII). Purpose/Hypothesis: To characterize the BSI rates in each division and compare the incidence and characteristics of BSIs within divisions. Our hypothesis was that BSI rates would be higher in DII and DIII athletes as compared with DI athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Five years of recorded BSI data in collegiate athletes via the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program were examined for the academic years 2009-2010 to 2013-2014. BSI rates per 100,000 athlete-exposures (AEs) were compared for DI versus DII and DIII athletes using risk ratios and 95% CIs. Time lost to injury, time of season of injury, and class composition of injured athletes were also compared between divisions. Results: Over the 5 years studied, DII and DIII programs reported 252 BSIs more than 1,793,777 AEs (14.05 per 100,000 AEs), and DI programs reported 235 BSIs over 2,022,592 AEs (11.62 per 100,000 AEs). The risk ratio was significant for D1 versus DII and DIII (1.21; 95% CI, 1.01-1.44). There was a significant difference in time lost to injury in DI versus DII and DIII, χ2(5, n = 449) = 16.54; P = .006. When data were stratified by individual sport, there were no significant divisional differences in high-risk sports. Conclusion: In the current study, NCAA DII and DIII athletes had higher rates of BSI than their DI counterparts. As compared with DII and DIII athletes, the DI athletes had a significantly greater proportion of BSIs that did not result in absence from participation in sport.

scholarly journals A Pragma-Stylistic Study of Some Selected Fantasy Novels

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Dunya Muhammed Miqdad I'jam ◽  
Zahraa Kareem Ghannam Farhan Al-Mamouri
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
Fantasy Novels ◽  
Figure Of Speech ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Way

The present study tries to investigate the field of pragma-stylistics in literary text in general, and fantasy novels in particular. Therefore, it tries to attest how pragmatic theories are employed stylistically to achieve the aims of the literary writers and to reflect their perceptions. The present study tries to achieve the following aims: Specifying the most dominant categories of speech acts used by characters and the narrator in the two novels to achieve some stylistic effects. Showing how the non-observance of the maxim yield effects on the two levels of interaction, and presenting the most dominant non-observed maxim in the selected fantasy novels. Clarifying the way the difference in the writing period of each novel can affect the readers pragmatically and stylistically through finding out what is the most dominant figure of speech at the character-character level as well as the narrator-reader level of interaction and whether they are employed stylistically or not. The present study is limited to two theories of pragmatics: speech act theory and Grice maxims. And the data of the analysis is limited to the children’s fantasy novels, one is written in the 1950’s, the other in 2000’s. After analysing the data, it is concluded that the most dominant SA that is used is the representative SA. Flouting the maxims yield effects on the two levels of interaction, generating conversational implicature. Finally, the difference in the writing period of each novel affect the readers pragmatically and stylistically through finding out the most dominant figure of speech, which is irony, at the character-character and the narrator-reader level of interaction.

scholarly journals Characteristics of tuberculosis contact of children with pulmonary tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Magdalena Sidhartani ◽  
Retno Murti Laila
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Poor Ventilation ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
Different Characteristics

Background Children with tuberculosis (TB) are oftenasymptomatic, so that if TB is diagnosed in a child, an adult contactshould be looked for. We realize the importance of TB control bybreaking the chain of transmission, so identification of contact andprompt treatment should be made.Objective To trace contact of children with pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) and to determine the environmental characteristicsassociated with TB transmission.Methods Prospective, community based descriptive study wasdone in 80 children with newly diagnosed PTB treated atPediatric Pulmonary Ward, Kariadi Hospital, from September2003 to February 2004. Clinical condition, chest x-ray (CXR),acid fast bacilli (AFB) staining of sputum, and environmentalcharacteristics of adults suspected as TB contact wereexamined. Data were analyzed by uni- and bivariate analysisusing SPSS 11.5.Results Eighty adults with suspected TB were enrolled, 90% werehousehold contacts. There were 63 (79%) confirmed TB contactsin rural and urban area. Fathers were predominates (32%)followed by grandparents (26.3%), relatives (18.7%), and mothers(12.5%). There was no significant difference about internal(household) and external (non-household) family contactsbetween rural and urban area (P=1.000). In urban area, hometransmission is more frequent than rural area (P=0.340). In urbanarea, the contacts had a better perception but had no betterattitude toward treatment, although the difference was notsignificant. Behavior was worsen in rural area (P=0.214). Poorbehavior seldom occurred in those who had enough knowledgeof TB, although the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.352). In the urban area, the house of contacts had lowersleeping density (P=0.282), poor ventilation (P=0.306), and higherroom temperature (P=0.683). There were no differences in thelight intensity and humidity.Conclusion There were 79% confirmed TB contacts in rural andurban area with male predominant. There was no significantdifference between household and non-household contacts inrural and urban area. There are different characteristics, such asknowledge, perception, attitude towards treatment, and behaviorassociated with TB transmission between contacts in the ruraland urban area, and between lower, middle, and higher socio-economic level, although the difference is not significant

Cranial crassicaudiasis in two coastal dolphin species from South Africa is predominantly a disease of immature individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Van Bressem ◽  
P Duignan ◽  
JA Raga ◽  
K Van Waerebeek ◽  
N Fraijia-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Osteolytic Lesions ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Crassicauda spp. (Nematoda) infest the cranial sinuses of several odontocetes, causing diagnostic trabecular osteolytic lesions. We examined skulls of 77 Indian Ocean humpback dolphins Sousa plumbea and 69 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins Tursiops aduncus, caught in bather-protecting nets off KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) from 1970-2017, and skulls of 6 S. plumbea stranded along the southern Cape coast in South Africa from 1963-2002. Prevalence of cranial crassicaudiasis was evaluated according to sex and cranial maturity. Overall, prevalence in S. plumbea and T. aduncus taken off KZN was 13 and 31.9%, respectively. Parasitosis variably affected 1 or more cranial bones (frontal, pterygoid, maxillary and sphenoid). No significant difference was found by gender for either species, allowing sexes to be pooled. However, there was a significant difference in lesion prevalence by age, with immature T. aduncus 4.6 times more likely affected than adults, while for S. plumbea, the difference was 6.5-fold. As severe osteolytic lesions are unlikely to heal without trace, we propose that infection is more likely to have a fatal outcome for immature dolphins, possibly because of incomplete bone development, lower immune competence in clearing parasites or an over-exuberant inflammatory response in concert with parasitic enzymatic erosion. Cranial osteolysis was not observed in mature males (18 S. plumbea, 21 T. aduncus), suggesting potential cohort-linked immune-mediated resistance to infestation. Crassicauda spp. may play a role in the natural mortality of S. plumbea and T. aduncus, but the pathogenesis and population level impact remain unknown.

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

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