scholarly journals Language communication in a pragmatic perspective: Flouting the cooperative principle

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-49
Author(s):  
Ewa Komorowska
Keyword(s):  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Ambiguous Words ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Language Strategies

The aim of the article is a pragmatic analysis of various linguistic communication situations in the light of Grice’s principle of cooperation (1975). The analysis shows that language strategies involve a deliberate flouting of the cooperative principle using various pragmatic functions. The presented communication strategies in English, German, Polish and Russian show similarities in their occurrence. The sender may convey intentions not directly, but by hidden means of expression which often become an exponent of an apparent question, a change in the argumentative direction, the use of ambiguous words, irony or even silence. Hence, we can talk about the implementation of the pragmatic functions of “language avoidance”, “counter-argumentation”, “counter-proposal”, “irony” etc.

scholarly journals Communicative Competence of the Saudi Learners of English at the Faculty of Languages and Translation, King Khalid University

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Rafiq Ali Mohamed Al-Shamiry
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
First Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Saudi Students ◽  
Communication Breakdown ◽  
English Classes ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Students First

Saudi students of English at the tertiary level King Khalid University, encounter so many difficulties in real communicative situations due to the influence of the traditional methods of teaching English at the intermediate and secondary schools. The researcher conducted a questionnaire consists of eight questions in order to find out the main difficulties of the learners. The sample of the pilot study was ten students and the actual population of the study was ninety students from level four and eight. The learners' responses indicate that they lack the needed skills of communication strategies which usually lead to communication breakdown. For example, they change the topic when they feel there are some gaps in their speech. This literally means that students resort to risk-avoiding instead of risk-taking. The findings of the study point out the extent to which the Saudi students' first language influences their tendency of using some of the target language communication strategies. It is recommended that the linguistic competence should be taught implicitly whereas the functional competence should be taught explicitly during spoken English classes which may compensate for their lack of exposure to the target language.

Research timeline: Second language communication strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Kennedy ◽  
Pavel Trofimovich
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Analytical Tools

Speakers of a second language (L2), regardless of proficiency level, communicate for specific purposes. For example, an L2 speaker of English may wish to build rapport with a co-worker by chatting about the weather. The speaker will draw on various resources to accomplish her communicative purposes. For instance, the speaker may say ‘falling ice’ if she has forgotten the word ‘hail’ or may repeat the last few words of her interlocutor's utterance to show that she is listening and engaged. The term communication strategies (CSs) refers to the strategic use of various resources (both linguistic and non-linguistic) for communicative purposes. While speakers also use CSs in their native languages (L1s), research on L2 CS use is particularly interesting because speakers’ L2 linguistic resources and the associated cognitive processes are typically less developed, compared to those in their L1. Therefore, for L2 users to accomplish their communicative purposes in the L2, it is important that they effectively use the resources available to them. This research timeline presents key developments in theoretical understanding and empirical research targeting L2 CSs, mainly in oral communication. The timeline places particular emphasis on the evolution of theoretical approaches to the study of CSs and the consequent expansion of research in terms of the nature of participants, speech samples, and analytical tools used.

Relevance Theory, Action Theory and second language communication strategies

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan H. Foster-Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Language Communication

The discussion in this article offers a comparison between Relevance Theory as an account of human communication and Herbert Clark’s (1996)sociocognitive Action Theory approach. It is argued that the differences are fundamental and impact analysis of all kinds of naturally occurring communicative data, including that produced by non-native speakers. The differences are discussed and illustrated with data from second language communication strategies. It is suggested that the often fraught interactions between native and non-native speakers are better captured through a Relevance Theory approach than through the alternatives.

scholarly journals “WAYS FOR TERTIARY LEVEL STUDENTS IN BUILDING ENGLISH SPEAKING PERFORMANCE”

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Fika Megawati ◽  
Vidya Mandarani
Keyword(s):  
English Education ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
First Language ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Speaking Performance ◽  
Learning English

Abstract: This study aims to find out the strategies used by tertiary level students in performing English communication. This research was a descriptive study involving English Education Study Program students. Data analysis included in-depth transcribing on the students’ speaking performance and the result of interview. The findings show that the communication strategies used in the conversation consisted of avoidance, paraphrase, borrowing, appeal for assistance, and mime. The common strategy lied on mime, while avoidance and paraphrase strategies were not frequently applied. The results show communication strategies were effective in helping the first language students in learning English as their foreign language. Communication strategies give solution to cope with difficulties in learning English. Communication strategies are highly suggested to be socialized to EFL learners as an alternative way to improve speaking performance.

scholarly journals The compliment as a speech act in Russian: A lexical-pragmatic study

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-67
Author(s):  
Ewa Komorowska ◽  
Anna Ohrimovich
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
Pragmatic Study

The aim of the paper is to identify the linguistic exponents of Russian compliments. The examples which will be analyzed come from contemporary Russian. We will consider direct and indirect compliments, paying attention to such phenomena as presupposition and implicature as well as to the pragmatic functions of utterances. An analysis of communication strategies will allow us to present the specific features and role of compliments in linguistic communication in Russia.

scholarly journals COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES IN CONVERSATION USED BY INTROVERT STUDENTS AT POLITEKNIK LP3I MEDAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Sarah Monalisa Harahap ◽  
Anni Holila Pulungan ◽  
Siti Aisyah Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
The Way

This study deals with the language  communication strategies in conversation used by extrovert and introvert students at Politeknik LP3i Medan. It uses qualitative research design with a single case study to gain an understanding on this study. It is conducted descriptively. This study aims to find out the types of communication strategies in conversation used by introvert students of Politeknik LP3i Medan. The subjects were 10 persons of introvert and of Politeknik LP3I Medan. The use of instruments in this study were observation ,interview and documentation. The observation were the types of communication strategies in conversation used by extrovert and  introvert students of Politeknik LP3i Medan. The interview was used to in depth the data. The theories of Celce-Murcia was used in this study. The data were analyzed by Spradley (1979) analysis. The result of the study there were three reason of communication strategy were used by students of Politeknik LP3I Medan. They are providing opportunities for practice strategy, proving list of needed vocabulary and remind forgotten words strategy.Keywords: Communication Strategies, the Reason Why the Introvert Students Used Communication Strategies in the Way They Do

Euphemism and the Violation of the Cooperative Principle

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Yilun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Negative Association ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
Cooperative Principle

It is clear that euphemism is a form of language intentionally created in different language communities and diverse social levels. Speakers can remove direct speech to weaken the negative association and uncomfortable feelings provoked by the euphemized object. However, in linguistic communication, euphemism is opposite to the cooperation principle, though it is closely relevant to politeness. 

A Pragmatic Analysis of Vague Language in the News Articles on the Iraqi Security Crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda H. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Vague Language

There is a well-known belief among linguists and discourse analysts saying that vague language is one of the common features of political language. In order for the linguists to include vague language within the domain of linguistic analysis, they started formulating vagueness within the principles of the pragmalinguistic theory.  However, the pragmatic perspective had not been paid much attention yet. With the accelerated events in the Middle East, the best way to get information is to appreciate some news items because they are objective facts that are accessible and easy to comprehend for everybody (Pan, 2012, p. 2530). Iraq has witnessed many periods of serious escalation among which is the one started in April 2014 in which, the ISIS influence started expanding suddenly and rapidly causing infrastructure damage and causalities. The present paper aims at investigating vague expressions in news articles on the security situation in Iraq in the period mentioned above by means of Grice’s cooperative principle to find out the purposes vague language serves and its effects on these news articles.

Conversational Implicature and Politeness Strategies in Bíọ́dún-Káyọ̀dé Newspapers’ Review in South Western Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Agunbiade Favour Olamide
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
Politeness Theory ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
The People ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
The Face

Wardhaugh (1986) opines that when we speak, choices must of necessity be made of what we want to say, how we want to say it, the choice of words, sounds, (styles and other variables available within the speech community) that best unite (connect) what we say with how it is said.  Based on the foregoing, the focus of this study is to identify and analyze the politeness strategies employed in the talk exchanges presented in Bíọ́dún and Káyọ̀dé newspapers’ review through critical evaluation. In addition, the study seeks to investigate what is implicated by an expression, other than what a speaker actually said by saying what he said.  Brown and Levinson's politeness theory and Grice’s Cooperative Principle with its Maxims are adopted for analysis purpose. This study intends to show that Yorùbá culture places premium on social behaviour displayed and to reveal some of the culturally inherent linguistic and non-linguistic tools in the native speakers’​intuition as well as and repertoire of the people which they employ to meet the face want of interlocutors in communication situations.

Language-based communication strategies that support person-centered communication with persons with dementia

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1707-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Y. Savundranayagam ◽  
Kelsey Moore-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Support Person ◽  
Language Strategies

ABSTRACTBackground:There are many recommended language-based strategies for effective communication with persons with dementia. What is unknown is whether effective language-based strategies are also person centered. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to examine whether language-based strategies for effective communication with persons with dementia overlapped with the following indicators of person-centered communication: recognition, negotiation, facilitation, and validation.Methods:Conversations (N = 46) between staff-resident dyads were audio-recorded during routine care tasks over 12 weeks. Staff utterances were coded twice, using language-based and person-centered categories. There were 21 language-based categories and 4 person-centered categories.Results:There were 5,800 utterances transcribed: 2,409 without indicators, 1,699 coded as language or person centered, and 1,692 overlapping utterances. For recognition, 26% of utterances were greetings, 21% were affirmations, 13% were questions (yes/no and open-ended), and 15% involved rephrasing. Questions (yes/no, choice, and open-ended) comprised 74% of utterances that were coded as negotiation. A similar pattern was observed for utterances coded as facilitation where 51% of utterances coded as facilitation were yes/no questions, open-ended questions, and choice questions. However, 21% of facilitative utterances were affirmations and 13% involved rephrasing. Finally, 89% of utterances coded as validation were affirmations.Conclusions:The findings identify specific language-based strategies that support person-centered communication. However, between 1 and 4, out of a possible 21 language-based strategies, overlapped with at least 10% of utterances coded as each person-centered indicator. This finding suggests that staff need training to use more diverse language strategies that support personhood of residents with dementia.

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