SELECTION OF SOWS BY GENETIC MARKERS AND BLUP INDEX

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
A.A. NOVIKOV ◽  
◽  
E.N. SUSLINA ◽  
G.S. POKHODNYA ◽  
D.G. SHIСHKIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Large White ◽  
Esr Gene ◽  
Selection Of

The authors conducted studies on the effect of the estrogen receptor (ESR), prolactin receptor (PRLR), and ryanodine receptor (RYR-1) genotypes on the breeding value of sows. Using the BLUP method, they evaluated the indicators of the large white, landrace, and Duroc breeds to develop a regional hybridization system in the pig industry of the Belgorod region. The research determined a significant influence of the “desirable” BB and AB genotypes of the ESR gene in large white sows and the “desirable” BB genotype of the RPLR gene in Landrace and Duroc sows on the maternal BLUP index.

scholarly journals Analysis of prolificacy in sows of hyperprolific lines of Large White breed

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
V. Matoušek ◽  
A. Čermáková ◽  
N. Kernerová ◽  
P. Králová
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Large White ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
Lifetime Performance ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Esr Gene

The objective of the paper was to evaluate the results of reproductive performance of sows in some elite breeding herds of the Large White breed included in experimental herds for the production of hyperprolific lines of dam breeds. The set consisted of 98 sows with the known genotypes of ESR, FSHâ and PRLR genes. The dendrogram shows that on the basis of their genetic outfit the sows can be divided into two clusters. The first cluster can be described as a cluster with marked dominance of HPL sows and the second cluster with marked dominance of the sows of basic herd. The first cluster consisted of individuals in which the preferred genotype AA of PRLR gene was not detected. As for FSHâ gene, the beneficial genotype BB was found out in 74.10% of sows. In ESR gene the beneficial genotype DD was recorded only in 11.10% of individuals. On average for the lifetime performance they delivered by 2.08 piglets more in all born piglets and by 1.96 piglets more in live-born piglets per litter. Differences in the reproductive traits between HPL sows and the sows of basic herd in the first cluster were statistically highly significant. On the contrary, genotype AA of PRLR gene was identified in all sows of the second cluster, 61.36% of animals possessed beneficial genotype BB of FSHâ gene. As for ESR gene, beneficial genotype DD was identified within the whole cluster in 31.82% of sows. In lifetime performance the HPL sows had on average by 1.10 individuals more in all born piglets and by 1.01 more in live-born piglets (statistically significantly higher values). The unambiguous expression of a positive effect of preferred genotypes of selected candidate genes failed to be confirmed by the results of statistical analyses testing the associations of candidate genes for pig reproduction with selected parameters of breeding value and prolificacy of sows.  

scholarly journals Effect of the estrogen receptor (<i>ESR</i>) and ryanodine receptor (<i>RYR1</i>) genes on reproductive traits of Slovak Large White, White Meaty and Landrace pigs (short communication)

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362
Author(s):  
R. Omelka ◽  
D. Peškovičová ◽  
M. Martiniaková ◽  
M. Bauer ◽  
M. Bauerová
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Ryanodine Receptor ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ryr1 Gene ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Breeding Farms

Abstract. We investigated the effect of the estrogen receptor (ESR) and ryanodine receptor (RYR1) genes on total number of born (TNB), number of born alive (NBA) and number of weaned (NW) piglets in Large White (LW), White Meaty (WM) and Landrace (L) sows from six Slovak breeding farms. We found a significant effect of ESR locus on NW (P≤0.01) in LW, however, we observed a negative effect of BB genotype on the trait. In WM, positive associations of B allele with TNB, NBA, NW were found but the differences were not confirmed statistically. A highly significant effect (P≤0.01) of ESR locus on TNB (+0.62±0.18 pigs per copy of B allele), NBA (+0.65±0.18) and NW (+0.51±0.16) was identified in L breed. With RYR1 gene we found significantly higher TNB and NBA in heterozygous WM sows (+1.01±0.36 in TNB; +0.87±0.32 in NBA; P≤0.01). NBA was also significant in LW (+0.41±0.19; P≤0.05).

Analysis of the influence of genotypic and paratypical factors on reproductive qualities of sows of the Large White breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Andrii Pasiuta ◽  
Liudmyla Gryshyna ◽  
Pavlo Vashchenko ◽  
Svitlana Maniunenko
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Ordinal Number ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
The Impact

The results of determining the validity and strength of the impact of paratypical (number and season of farrowing, year of birth) and genotypic (sow family) factors on the characteristics of sows’ reproductive qualities in the conditions of the breeding reproducer EE "DG im. 9 Sichnia”. As a result of determining the reliability of the influence of these factors by one-way ANOVA it has been found out that the year of birth and the ordinal number of farrowing significantly influence on the indicators of the number of piglets at birth, the number of piglets and the weight of the litter at weaning. At the same time, the average weight of one piglet during weaning was recorded by the significant influence of only genetic factors (sows family), and the influence of paratypical factors was not reliable, which indicates the possibility of effective selection by phenotype in improving this trait. The results of the analysis of variance also showed that under the conditions of EE “DG im. 9 Sichnia”no significant influence of the“ farrowing season ”factor was found on any of the studied traits of reproduced ability. The results obtained were used in the construction of linear BLUP models for the determination of breeding value on the grounds of reproductive qualities in the conditions of EE "DG im. 9 Sichnia”. Maximum indexes of the characteristics of reproductive ability recorded in the 2-3rd farrows, starting from the 4th farrow, all indexes begin to decline, especially this is noticeable for the trait "weight of the litter". In sows of 2017 year of birth, compared to 2015, there is a slightly smaller number of piglets and the weight of the litter at weaning (by 4.5-6.7 %), while the average weight of one weaned pig increased by 0.2 kg. This fact is explained first of all by rejecting sows - among the sows that were born earlier (in 2015), as a result of the breeding work, less productive sows were rejected, and only those with high parameters remained. The linear models which have been developed with scientifically-based parameters will be used at the next stage of the work in determining the breeding value of pigs in the EE “DG im. 9 Sichnia“. Key words: breeding, reproductive qualities, factor, impact force, sows family, linear model.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СТАД СКОТА СИММЕНТАЛЬСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ ПО МОЛОЧНОЙ И МЯСНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. SIVKIN ◽  
N.V. STREKOZOV ◽  
V.I. CHINAROV
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Group I ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Meat Type

В симментальской породе предусматривается разведение скота, сбалансировано сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность. Однако в практике совершенствования племенных стад в подборах быков доминируют улучшатели удоя, что во многом предопределяет результаты селекции и продуктивный тип животных. Объектом нашего исследования стало стадо чистопородного симментальского скота в условиях стойловой системы беспривязного и привязного содержания коров. Для изучения эффективности использования быков-производителей разного племенного достоинства сформировали 2 опытные группы: I состояла из бычков, полученных от отцов с племенной ценностью (ПЦ) по удою 100 кг и более, а во II с ПЦ от 0 до 100 кг молока. Симментальские бычки, отобранные для контрольного убоя, достигали весовых кондиций 500 кг и более в 17,5 мес при среднесуточном приросте 911 г. При использовании на маточном поголовье быков-производителей с улучшающим эффектом по удою 100 кг и более, их сыновья (I группа), на фоне более высоких суточных приростов (на 30 г) и раннем возрасте достижения живой массы 500 кг (на 18 дней) имели массу и выход туши на 21,4 кг и 2,7 ниже, чем у бычков II группы. При формировании молочно-мясного типа быки-производители с умеренной племенной ценностью по удою обеспечивали получение потомства, сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность в экономически значимых пропорциях.The Simmental breed provides for the breeding of cattle that combines milk and meat productivity in a balanced proportion. However, in the practice of improving breeding herds, the selection of bulls is dominated by milk yield improvers, which largely determines the results of selection and the productive type of animals. The object of our research was a breeding herd of purebred Simmental cattle in variety feeding and housing practices. To study the effectiveness of using bulls-producers of different breeding values, 2 experimental groups were formed: I consisted of bulls received from fathers with a breeding value (BV) of milk yield 100 kg or more, and II with a BV from 0 to 100 kg of milk. Simmental bulls selected for control slaughter reached weight standards of 500 kg or more in 17.5 months with an average daily increase of 911 g. When used on breeding of bulls with an improving effect on the yield of 100 kg or more, their sons (group I), against the background of higher daily gains (30 g) and an early age of reaching a live weight of 500 kg (18 days), had a mass and carcass yield of 21.4 kg and 2.7 lower than that of group II bulls. When forming a dairy-meat type, producing bulls with a moderate breeding value for milk yield provided for the production of offspring that combined dairy and meat productivity in economically significant proportions.

Genetic markers and the selection of quantitative traits in forage grasses

Euphytica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Hayward ◽  
N. J. Mcadam ◽  
J. G. Jones ◽  
C. Evans ◽  
G. M. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Selection Of

A simulation study of open nucleus and closed nucleus breeding systems in a sheep population

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Roden
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Nucleus Breeding ◽  
Open Nucleus ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractStochastic simulation was used to compare the results of alternative breeding systems in a sheep population divided into 10 flocks of 120 ewes. The breeding systems compared were selection within closed flocks (CF), a closed nucleus system (CNS), an open nucleus system (ONS) and open nucleus systems with the selection of nucleus replacements being restricted to either nucleus born males (ONSRm) or nucleus born females (ONSRf). Selection was for a best linear unbiased prediction of breeding value for lamb live weight which had a heritability of 0·17. The open nucleus breeding systems (ONS, ONSRm, ONSRf) resulted in higher rates of genetic gain, more predictable selection responses and lower rates of inbreeding than either the closed nucleus system (CNS) or selection within closed flocks (CF). Initial genetic differences between flocks resulted in higher rates of genetic gain in the nucleus breeding systems due to the use of between flock genetic variance. In the ONS system up to 25% of nucleus sires and approximately 50% of nucleus dams were born in base flocks. Nevertheless if selection of either nucleus sires or dams was restricted to nucleus born animals there was very little change in genetic gain or rate of inbreeding.

Design and topological optimization of rear pressure bulkhead for a typical aircraft

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshal Thakran ◽  
Meenakshi ◽  
Jitender Sharma ◽  
Charles Gilbert Martin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Topological Optimization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Iterative Design ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the model of a rear pressure bulkhead with different design optimizations to meet the pressurized cabin requirements of an aircraft. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents the results of the static analysis of a dome-shaped rear pressure bulkhead model designed in Catia-v5. Numerical analysis of model meshed in hyper-mesh and solved using Opti-Struct for iterative design optimizations. Findings All the iterative models are analyzed at 9 Psi. Rear pressure bulkhead designed with L-section stringer shows better results than the model optimized with T-section stringer for the same thickness. The model optimized with L-shaped stinger also reduces the weight of the bulkhead without affecting the structural integrity. Practical implications It has been concluded in this paper that the selection of specific shapes of the stringers shows a significant influence on weight reduction. Originality/value This paper provides a topical, technical insight into the design and development of a rear pressure bulkhead. It also outlines the future development of dome-shaped rear pressure bulkhead.

The use of premix in feeding of young pigs on fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
A. S. Ivanova ◽  
N. V. Dunaeva
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Large White ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Selection Of

Increasing the production of pork meat requires careful work not only in terms of breeding, but also in the organization of complete feeding of animals, the correct selection of feed and feed additives containing the necessary nutrients. The purpose of the work was to analyze the use of premix in feeding young pigs on fattening. Two groups of fattening young pigs (Large White×Landrace) have been selected for the researches using the method of analogous groups, taking into account the breed, age, and live weight per 20 heads in each group with a live weight of 35 kg. Pigs of the control group have received the main economic diet, and animals of the experimental group have received an additional premix Khutorok at the rate of 10 g of premix per 1 kg of feed. The results have shown that the best age to reach 100 kg was in the experimental group of pigs – 215,8 days, which received premix with feed that characterizes their higher precocity by 36,3 days (P < 0,001) than in the control group of animals. The use of this premix had a positive impact on the livability of young animals, in the experimental group it was by 9,3 abs.% more than in the control group of animals. Thus, the best fattening traits have been possessed by young pigl of the experimental group have been received the premix Khutorok in their diet at the rate of 10 g of premix per 1 kg of feed. The obtained data indicate the feasibility of using the premix Khutorok in the feeding pigs for fattening.

scholarly journals Effect of Breed and Age on Histopathological Changes in Pig M. Semimembranosus

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Wojtysiak ◽  
Katarzyna Połtowicz ◽  
Władysław Migdał
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Histopathological Change ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Large White ◽  
Fibre Size ◽  
Giant Fibres ◽  
Fibre Shape ◽  
Selection Of

Effect of Breed and Age on Histopathological Changes in Pig M. SemimembranosusThe aim of the study was to determine the type and extent of histopathological changes in m. semimembranosus of Polish Landrace (PL), Polish Large White (PLW), Duroc, Pietrain, and Puławska pigs at 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 days of age. Changes in fibre size (atrophy, hypertrophy - giant fibres), changes in fibre shape (angular fibres), degenerative lesions (necrosis with phagocytosis) and connective tissue hypertrophy were evaluated. The presence of giant fibres was the only histopathological change observed in all age groups of PL, PLW, Duroc and Pietrain pigs, with the percentage of pigs with this type of pathology and the frequency of giant, atrophic and angular fibres increasing significantly with age. In Puławska pigs, giant fibres were only found in the oldest pigs aged 210 days. In these animals, giant fibres as well as atrophic fibres (at 180 and 210 days of age) and angular fibres (at 120, 150, 180 and 210 days of age) occurred in the smallest number of animals and were least extensive. Meanwhile, Pietrain pigs were characterized by a greater number of animals, a significantly greater proportion of giant fibres in all analysed age groups, and a greater proportion of atrophic fibres at 180 and 210 days of age compared to the other pig breeds under analysis. For connective tissue hypertrophy and necrosis with phagocytosis, the changes were not extensive. It is concluded that both the advancing age of the animals and selection of the pigs for increased leanness significantly increases the incidence of histopathological changes in muscle tissue, which may directly translate into pork quality.

scholarly journals Coverage of the Sprayed Objects in the Aspect of the Coefficient of the Spray Surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Beata Cieniawska ◽  
Deta Łuczycka ◽  
Jan Červinka ◽  
Katarzyna Dereń
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Mutual Relation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of the study was to compare the degree of coverage of the sprayed objects with the selected nozzles in the aspect of the characteristics of the sprayed object, determined by the coefficient of the position of the sprayed surfaces. Studies were conducted in two stages, in laboratory conditions, in which the first step was to determine the characteristics of the sprayed objects, and in the second there were conducted the studies of the degree of coverage. Based on the analysis of the obtained results from the first stage it was stated that the studied plants were characterised by great differentiation of morphological features having a significant influence on the parameters of their spray characteristics. Important was the fact that the use of the coefficient of the spray surfaces Wpo, determining the mutual relation of particular sprayed surfaces facilitates the selection of the most appropriate nozzles and treatment parameters in relation with the morphological features of the plant. In the second stage, concerning the studies of the degree of the coverage it was stated that the selected nozzles differed strongly in the degree of coverage of vertical and horizontal objects. Differentiated coverage for particular nozzles had a strong relationship with the coefficient of spray surfaces, except that the dual‑spray nozzles covered the vertical surfaces better compared to the single‑spray nozzles, which covered the horizontal surfaces better.

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