scholarly journals Evaluating reed canary grass samples for reclamation of coal dumps

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
L. D. Urazova ◽  
O. V. Litvinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Canary Grass

One reliable way to restore eroded soils and technogenic land is to reclaim it by sowing perennial grasses. Samples of reed canary grass suitable for reclamation of coal dumps in the Kemerovo region have been studied and identified. Experimental work was carried out in the Tomsk region (5811 N, 8300 E) during the period of 2017-2020. The research subjects are represented by samples of reed canary grass taken in 2016. A nursery of study samples suitable for reclamation of coal dumps was laid in 2017 with six numbers - KM-1, KM-2, KM-3, KM-4, KM-5 (Tomsk region), the variety Vityaz (Tomsk region) was used as a standard. The soils of the experimental plots were sod-podzolic acidic loamy sandy loam and loamy with a humus content of no more than 2% in the arable horizon. When evaluating the samples, the main attention is paid to studying the traits and properties that limit their cultivation under taiga conditions: grass density, plant height, foliage, winter hardiness, lodging resistance, seed productivity, green mass yield, resistance to the most common diseases. Over a 3-year study of selections of reed canary grass based on a set of the main economically important traits, the KM-5 sample has been identified. This specimen has a complex of valuable features in creating an adaptive variety suitable for reclamation of coal dumps (foliage - 61.4%, green matter yield - 38.5 t/ha, dry matter - 11.9, seeds - 0.21 t/ha). The selected number has annual reliable additions to the standard in terms of green matter yield of 8.5 t/ha, dry matter yield of 3.3, and seed yield of 0.04 t/ha. Samples KM-1, KM-5 showed high resistance to these diseases: helminthosporiosis - 6.0-6.1%, septoriosis - 2.6-4.2%.

Possibilities of plant nutrient recycling in energy grass plantations = Augu barības elementu reciklācijas iespējas enerģētisko zālaugu plantācijās

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sarmite Rancane ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
By Products

To develop the scientific work, field trials were performed at the Research Institute of Agronomy of the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, in Skriveri in the time period from 2012 to 2016. Hypothesis of the thesis By using by-products of bioenergy production in fertilisation - fermentation residues or digestate and wood ash, it is possible to partially cover the requirements of energy grasses for nutrients, as well as to ensure their reuse. The aim of the thesis To find out the possibilities of growing reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) 'Bamse' and festulolium (× Festulolium pabulare) 'Felina' for energy production by using bioenergy production by-products in fertilisation – fermentation residues or digestate and wood ash, as well as to study possibilities of plant nutrient reuse in the system: soil – plants – digestate / ash – soil – plants. Research tasks 1. To evaluate digestate and wood ash as energy grasses fertilisers. 2. To find out the optimal norm and the regime of use of digestate in reed canary grass fertilisation. 3. To study the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium circulation cycle in the system: soil – plants – digestate / ash – soil – plants. 4. To perform economic evaluation of reed canary grass and festulolium fertilisation. The structure of the research paper Chapter 1 - The literature review includes five subchapters. The chapter provides a brief overview of bioenergy production technologies, examines perennial grasses in the context of bioenergy production, evaluates agrotechnical measures to ensure adequate grass biomass yield and quality for biogas and fuel feedstock production, examines plant nutrient circulation in bioenergy crop production systems, and provides agronomic assessment of by-product – digestate and ash fertiliser for use in energy grass plantations. Chapter 2 - Materials and Methods includes two subchapters. The chapter describes the methodology of test establishment, the studied material, the observations and analyzes performed, describes the meteorological conditions and describes the statistical analysis of data. Chapter 3 - The results and discussion include six subsections. The chapter analyzes the obtained results on reed canary grass and festulolium yield and changes in yield structure and quality due to the use of different fertilisers, norms and regimes, performing grassland dry matter yield inventory by mowing once and twice a year. The remove of plant nutrients from soil with dry matter yield, as well as changes in soil agrochemical parameters due to fertilisation were evaluated. An economic evaluation of reed canary grass and festulolium fertilisation has been performed. The conclusions include answers to the research tasks. The paper contains 34 tables, 41 figures, 53 annexes and 353 scientific source references.

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF PERENNIAL GRASSES UNDER SHEEP GRAZING ON THE CENTRAL PLATEAU

1983 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
N.S. Percival ◽  
F.R. Duder
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Details are given on the production and survival over four years of five perennial grasses under rotational sheep-grazing on a pumice soil. The comparison involved three perennial ryegrasses ('Grasslands Nui and Ruanui', and Yates Ellett), and mixtures of Ellett with 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue and Ellett with 'Grasslands Maru' phalaris. All pastures were sown with white and red clovers. Annual dry matter yields from Nui and Ellett pastures were similar, at about 6,500 kg/ha. Ruanui pastures were on average 600 kg/ha lower. The pastures containing tall fescue and phalaris were similar to Ellett. The major seasonal yield effects were in autumn and winter, when Ruanui pastures were substantially poorer than those with Nui and Ellett. Ryegrass yield of Ellett pasture was greater than Nui, and Nui was greater than Ruanui at all seasons. Ellett ryagrass was a higher proportion of the total yield at all times, and had higher tiller populations than Nui and Ruanui. Neither tall fescue or phalaris were, able to compete with Ellett ryegrass. It is suggested that neither of these be sown with ryegrass. Clover yields were higher in Ruanui than Ellett pastures, with Nui intermediate. The use of Nui, Ellett and Ruanui ryegrasses is related to the problems of seasonal distribution and total annual yields of pastures on the Central Plateau. It is suggested using Nui or Ellett as the base for perennial pastures will give substantial increases in production. Ellett ryegrass had higher survival than Nui which was considered an advantage, though this was achieved at the expense of a small reduction in clover vields. Keywords: Perennial ryegrass, Ellett, Nui, Ruanui, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris, canary grass, sheep grazing, central North Island, Central Plateau, grass grub, Argentine stem weevil, Lolium endophyte.

scholarly journals Screening of awnless bromegrass collection samples in the taiga zone of Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
L. D. Urazova ◽  
O. V. Litvinchuk ◽  
A. B. Saynakova
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
Local Sample ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Pasture Plant

The paper presents the results of the study of collection samples of awnless bromegrass from the Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) to identify donors of valuable breeding traits. The study was carried in 2015-2018 in Tomsk region. The soils of the experimental plots were sod-podzolic, sandy loam by granulometric composition, with a humus content in the arable layer of no more than 2%. The recorded area of the plot was 0.5 m2. The trials were repeated two times. Procedures for trial establishment, phenological observations, harvest recording and data processing were performed in accordance with the methodological recommendations of the All-Russian Williams Fodder Research Institute, VIR and the State Variety Testing Methodology. The years of the study were characterized by uneven distribution of heat and moisture during the growing season. This made it possible to identify the most adaptive samples for selective breeding of awnless bromegrass which can be used as a hay and pasture plant in the taiga zone. The following valuable source materials were selected for tall varieties: Khabarovsky, Titan, Vozvyshensky, SibNIISkhoz 88; samples of wild plants Yakutia (K-14215), Vologda (K-14224), Omsk (K-14228), Sverdlovsk (K-14209) regions, a local sample of Tomsk region (K-14226). The following samples resistant to fungal diseases were identified: Morshansky, Khabarovsky and Erkeeni varieties; samples of wild forms of Irkutsk (K-14221, К-14227), Vologda (K-14212, К-14224), Omsk (K-14228) regions, a local sample of Tomsk region (K-14226). The following high-yielding varieties in terms of fodder mass were recognized: wild forms of Vologda region (K-14212, К-14222) and a local population of Tomsk region (K-14214); highly leafy varieties: Primorsky 46, SibNIISKHoz 88, wild forms of Komi (K-14208), Irkutsk (K-14227), Vologda (K14212, К-14224) regions, local samples of Tomsk region (K-14214, К-14226); varieties with high seed yield: Duet, Primorsky 46, Erkeeni, wild forms of Vologda region (K-14212, К-14224), a local sample of Tomsk region (K-14226). Based on the set of the main economically valuable traits for sowing in a polycross nursery, samples of wild plants from Vologda region (K-14212, К-14224), and local samples of Tomsk region (K-14214, К-14226) were selected.

SPECIES COMPOSITION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF LONG-TERM MID-SEASON CEREAL GRASS STANDS AT DIFFERENT MODES OF MOWING USE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Canary Grass

The use of the biological potential of self-renewal of the awnless brome and reed canary grass makes it possible to preserve the valuable species composition of long-term (23–25th years of use) mid-season agrocenoses. The productivity of grass stands against the background of the recommended doses of N90-180P20-40K100-150 fertilizers is 8.3–8.4 t/ha dry matter with two cuts and 9.1–9.6 t/ha with three cuts.

Feeding behavior and dry matter digestibility in sheep fed first and second cut reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tokita, ◽  
I. Yoshimura ◽  
T. Tokita
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Eating Time ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Female Sheep

We investigated the intake and digestibility of different reed canarygrass (RCG) growth stages by sheep. RCG was cultivated in an experimental field and harvested at the first and second cuts at each pre-blooming stage. Feeding behavior was monitored on adult female sheep, fed 3 kg each of fresh RCG three times daily. While the crude protein content and dry matter digestibility of RCG were significantly higher in leaf than in stem tissue of both first and second cut in harvesting times, neutral and acid detergent fiber contents were higher in stem than in leaf. The dry matter intake of RCG at the second cut (296.1g) was significantly higher than at the first cut (214.1 g). The eating time for consumption of RCG on dry matter at the second cut (54.9 min) was shorter than at the first cut (69.4 min). Consequently, at the second cut, the rate of biting (54.6 bites/min) was lower than at the first cut (64.8 bites/min). Bite size, expressed as dry matter intake per bite, ranged from 0.05 g at first cut to 0.10 g at second cut.

IRRIGATED GRASS–LEGUME MIXTURES AS SUMMER PASTURE FOR YEARLING STEERS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Hubbard ◽  
H. H. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Potential Rate

Average annual gains of 748 and 853 lb were made by long-yearling steers on irrigated pastures at Kamloops, B.C., in 1958 to 1960, during grazing seasons of 121 and 131 days’ duration. A comparison was made using three grass–legume mixtures, namely, bromegrass–orchardgrass and ladino clover, bromegrass–orchardgrass and alfalfa, and Reed canary grass – orchardgrass and ladino clover. The feed efficiency based on pounds of dry matter consumed per pound of gain was superior for the bromegrass – orchardgrass – ladino clover mixture. There were no significant differences between daily animal gains on the three mixtures. Neither forage production calculated for TDN nor calculated animal TDN showed satisfactory comparative relationship to beef productivity of the three pasture mixtures.From the data it appears that beef production is limited by the forage potential. Rate of stocking, whereby the forage and animal potentials may be equated, deserve further study.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENT IN DIFFERENT ENERGY CROPS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs ADAMOVICS ◽  
Liena POIŠA
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Timothy Grass ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Canary Grass

For energy crops (reed canary grass and timothy grass), it is important to evaluate the sulphur and carbon content, and the harvested dry matter dependency on the fertilizer norm. Sulphur and carbon are important elements of a combustible material, and carbon is directly important as it forms the burning component. On the other hand, sulphur is an unwelcome element in combustible materials as it promotes environmental pollution. The field trials were carried out in sod calcareous soils in 2011–2013. A research was conducted to investigate the chemical content of two grasses: reed canary grass var. ‘Bamse’ (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and timothy grass ‘Jumis’ (Phleum pratense L.). Fertiliser norms (kg ha-1) applied in the research were: N0P0K0 (control), N30, N60, and N90. The harvest yield is one of the most important factors to obtain biocombustible materials; however, it does not mean that the amount of the harvest yield guarantees also a good quality of grasses. The research showed that the trial year had the most significant influence on both the sulphur yield and content in dry matter, the fertiliser norm essentially influenced the sulphur (η=30.1%) and carbon (η=6.5%) yield, but for the sulphur yield, a 6% interaction effect was established between the trial year and the nitrogen fertilizer norm.

New eastern goat’s rue farm ecosystems for hay production

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Д.А. Вагунин ◽  
Н.Н. Иванова ◽  
Н.Н. Амбросимова ◽  
Н.А. Епифанова ◽  
О.Н. Анциферова
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Component Mixture ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Russian Research

В условиях осушаемых земель гумидной зоны исследованы сенокосные агрофитоценозы на основе козлятника восточного. Эксперименты проводились в 2014–2019 годах на полигоне ВНИИМЗ — филиала ФИЦ «Почвенный институт им. В. В. Докучаева» (Тверская область). Объектом исследований были многолетние травы при сенокосном использовании: козлятник восточный (сорта Гале, Юбиляр, Кривич), кострец безостый (сорт Вегур), двукисточник тростниковый (сорт Урал), тимофеевка луговая (сорт ВИК 9). Исследования проводились как в травосмесях, так и в одновидовых посевах. Установлено, что козлятник восточный в одновидовых посевах более продуктивен, чем в смешанных агрофитоценозах. Посевы козлятника восточного сорта Кривич на мелиорированных землях в среднем за 5 лет исследований обеспечили наибольшую продуктивность. Травосмесь козлятника восточного с тимофеевкой луговой, кострецом безостым и двукисточником тростниковым формировала урожайность сухой массы на уровне 6,2–8,0 т/га. Одновидовые посевы козлятника восточного всех изученных сортов формировали продуктивность сухой массы до 11,7 т/га. Продуктивность козлятника восточного была наибольшей на глееватой почве. При двуукосном использовании у одновидовых посевов козлятника восточного сорта Юбиляр на глубокооглееной почве, по сравнению с контрольным вариантом, продуктивность была выше на 19%. Менее продуктивными были посевы трёхкомпонентной злаковой смеси на глубокооглееной почве — 4,7 т/га. Установлено, что при посеве смеси козлятника восточного с кострецом безостым, тимофеевкой луговой и двукисточником тростниковым повышалась продуктивность травостоя и улучшалось качество корма. В смеси со злаками четырёхкомпонентные агроценозы были менее засорены несеяными видами трав. Наименьшая доля сорной растительности в бобово-злаковых травостоях на основе козлятника восточного отмечалась в смешанных посевах с участием сорта Юбиляр. Козлятник восточный показал высокую облиственность, которая составила 51,5–56,9%, что способствовало повышению качества кормов сенокосных травостоев. Ключевые слова: козлятник восточный, кострец безостый, тимофеевка луговая, двукисточник тростниковый, глубокооглеенная, глеевая почва, травостой, продуктивность, сенокос. Eastern goat’s rue ecosystems were analyzed on drainage lands of humid zone for hay production. The experiment was carried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Meliorated Lands — branch of the Federal Research Center “Institute of Soil n. a. V. V. Dokuchaev” in 2014–2019. Perennial grasses performed as the objects of this study: eastern goat’s rue (“Gale”, “Yubilyar”, “Krivich”), smooth brome (“Vegur”), reed canary grass (“Ural”), common timothy (“VIK 9”). Both monocultures and mixtures were tested. Eastern goat’s rue performed better as monoculture. “Krivich” showed the highest productivity. The mixture of eastern goat’s rue, common timothy, and reed canary grass provided 6.2–8.0 t ha-1 of dry mass. Eastern goat’s rue monoculture produced up to 11.7 t ha-1. Eastern goat’s rue had higher productivity on gleyic soil. “Yubilyar” showed yield increase of 19% on gleyic soil under two cuts. Three-component mixture of gramineous had lower yield — 4.7 t ha-1. Seeding eastern goat’s rue with smooth brome, common timothy, and reed canary grass improved sward productivity and feed quality. Four-component ecosystems containing gramineous were less contaminated by weeds. Mixtures of “Yubilyar” had the minimum contamination. Eastern goat’s rue showed high leaf coverage of 51.5–56.9%, positively affecting forage quality.

TURF-FORMING GRASSES FOR THE TAIGA ZONE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077-1084
Author(s):  
L.D. Urazova ◽  
◽  
O.V. Litvinchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Siberian Research Institute ◽  
Frost Free Period

Experimental selection studies were carried out in 2016-2018. in the fields of the Narym Department of Breeding and Seed Production of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat (Kolpashevo, Tomsk Region). The purpose of the research was to study collection samples of lawn grasses capable of effectively using the agro-resource potential of the naturaland climatic conditions in the taiga zone of the Tomsk region. The climate in the research area is sharply continental with long, severe winters and short, but hot and often dry summers. The snow cover lasts about seven months (usually from October to April). The frost-free period is short. Annual precipitation is about 500 mm, including more than 300 mm during the growing season. The sum of air temperatures above 10° C is 1300-1600° C. The soils of the experimental plots are sod-podzolic, sandy loam in granulometric composition, with a humus content in the arable horizon of no more than 2%. As experimental material, 21 samples of bluegrass of three species were studied (8 domestic and 13 foreign varieties); 21 samples of pasture ryegrass (domestic varieties - 3, foreign - 18); 10 samples of four species of bent field of foreign origin; 12 samples of five types of fescue (domestic varieties – 5, foreign – 7). Among the experimental cultivars, the following sources of economically valuable traits were identified: high winter hardiness - all investigated cultivars of bluegrass, bent grass, fescue; grade of perennial ryegrass Yuventus (Denmark); short stature - varieties of meadow bluegrass Yaskia, Limonsine (Germany), Barkenta (Netherlands); ryegrass cultivars of pasture Sport (Poland), Fiesta (USA), Yuventus (Denmark); bentgrass wild populations from Mongolia (K14272, K-14273) and bentgrass from Ukraine (K14265); fine texture source - perennial ryegrass varieties Yuventus, Denmark, Primevere, France, K-14233, Poland.

NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF FORAGE CROPS ADAPTED TO SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN AS DETERMINED BY THEIR DIGESTIBILITY AND DRY MATTER INTAKE WHEN FED TO SHEEP

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Troelsen ◽  
J. B. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Canary Grass

Hays from stands top-dressed with 150 pounds of ammonium nitrate (33.5 per cent nitrogen) per acre and unfertilized stands of crested wheat-grass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., intermediate wheatgrass, A. intermedium (Host.) Beauv., streambank wheatgrass, A. riparium Scribn. and Smith, and Russian wild ryegrass, Elymus junceus Fisch., as well as hay from unfertilized stands of tall wheatgrass, A. elongatum (Host.) B. P., reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinacea L., and Ladak alfalfa, Medicago media Pers., were fed to 70-pound wethers in digestion stalls in a randomized incomplete-block experiment.Chemical analyses of the hays indicated differences in percentage organic matter, crude protein, and nitrogen-free extract, while feed-feces ratios showed differences in the percentage digestibility of crude protein, nitrogen-free extract, and crude fibre. Despite these results no differences were established in nutritive values as estimated by digestible dry matter, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy or starch equivalents.Calculations demonstrated that the nutrient intake of crested wheatgrass, streambank wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass, and Ladak alfalfa were sufficient to provide at least a maintenance ration, but that the voluntary nutrient intake of intermediate wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass, and reed canary grass did not do so.Top-dressing did not increase the digestibility nor the apparent palatability of any feed; apparently consumption was determined by species characteristics rather than fertilizer treatment.

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