Eastern redcedar percent canopy cover in the central Great Plains (1985-2018)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven K. Filippelli ◽  
Jody C. Vogeler ◽  
Michael J. Falkowski ◽  
Dacia M. Meneguzzo
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Eastern Redcedar

scholarly journals Precision, Repeatability, and Efficiency of Two Canopy-Cover Estimate Methods in Northern Great Plains Vegetation

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy J. Symstad ◽  
Cody L. Wienk ◽  
Andy D. Thorstenson
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Northern Great Plains

scholarly journals Sandsage prairie: floristics, structure, and dynamics of a Great Plains plant community

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-278
Author(s):  
James H. Locklear
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Artemisia Filifolia ◽  
Shrub Steppe

Sandsage prairie is a shrub-steppe ecological association unique to the Great Plains of North America in which sand sagebrush, Artemisia filifolia, is the dominant and diagnostic element. This paper presents the first comprehensive account of the floristics, community structure, and vegetation dynamics of sandsage prairie throughout its distribution. Sandsage prairie occurs in discontinuous tracts throughout western parts of the central and southern Great Plains in association with dune fields and other areas of sand habitat. The most conspicuous element of the vegetation is shrub-steppe dominated by Artemisia filifolia with a moderate to dense herbaceous layer dominated by perennial grasses. The relative density of Artemisia filifolia canopy cover in the landscape can range from 10% to 50% and is influenced by topographic gradient, climatic variability, fire history, grazing history, and past range management practices. Occurring in mosaic with the shrub-steppe component of sandsage prairie are intergrading but distinct assemblages of herbaceous species tied to varying degrees of disturbance and stabilization within the dune field. A total of 119 plant taxa in 33 families are characteristic of sandsage prairie in the Great Plains, with Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Onagraceae the largest families (in descending order). There is a pronounced northsouth gradient to the associated flora, with 34 species (29% of the total) being restricted to or most prevalent in either northern or southern stands of sandsage prairie. Sandsage prairie occurs in highly dynamic habitat subject to a host of natural disturbance factors and as a consequence exhibits a high level of heterogeneity in community structure with frequent shifts in species composition and dominance.

Ten-Year Results of an Eastern Redcedar and Rocky Mountain Juniper Provenance Test in Eastern South Dakota

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Peter R. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Eastern Redcedar ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
Foliage Density ◽  
Crown Characteristics

Abstract One hundred eighteen sources of eastern redcedar and 26 sources of Rocky Mountain juniper were established as a provenance test near Brookings, SD, in 1980. Height, crown width, survival, branch angle, foliage density, number of terminal leaders, sex, flowering, and the incidence of three diseases were recorded after 10 yr. ANOVA, Chi-square, simple and rank correlation, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis techniques were used to analyze the data. Eastern redcedar exhibited better overall performance for windbreak purposes than Rocky Mountain juniper. Eastern redcedar originating in central Nebraska exhibited the best combination of height, survival and crown characteristics. Much of the eastern redcedar planted in the Great Plains 30 or more years ago appears to have been grown from seed collected in central Nebraska. Selection for fast growing sources may begin 2 or 3 yr after field planting, while the ability to select fast growing individuals within sources was only moderate after 5 yr. Correlations among traits after 10 yr were generally weak. North. J. Appl. For. 12(1):30-35.

Invasive woody plants as foci of tick-borne pathogens: eastern redcedar in the southern Great Plains

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce H. Noden ◽  
Evan P. Tanner ◽  
John A. Polo ◽  
Sam D. Fuhlendorf
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Eastern Redcedar ◽  
Southern Great Plains

scholarly journals Impact of Pruning Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana)

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Schmidt ◽  
Tom D. Wardle
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Eastern Redcedar ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Forest Industries ◽  
Future Utilization

Abstract In recent years, eastern redcedar has been the most rapidly expanding tree resource in the Great Plains from Oklahoma to South Dakota, primarily in rangelands and pastures. Based on these increases and potential management-related problems, eastern redcedar is perceived as a threat to the rangeland resource. Pruning eastern redcedar can allow for increased herbaceous growth under the eastern redcedar's crown, improve livestock handling, maintain the species for diversity and habitat contributions, and improve wood quality for potential future utilization by forest industries. To determine the effect of pruning to different heights on tree growth, we compared unpruned trees' total height and diameter to trees pruned from ground level to heights of 60, 90, 120, and 150 cm. No significant differences in the total height were found for all pruning treatments over all time periods. After more than 10 yr, trees pruned to 60, 90, and 120 cm had smaller diameters at ground level than unpruned trees. There were no differences in ground diameters for trees pruned to 150 cm compared to unpruned trees after 4 yr of growth. There were no significant differences in dbh for eastern redcedar trees pruned to all heights. Management of eastern redcedar, including pruning, is recommended as an alternative to control measures. West. J. Appl. For. 17(4):189–193.

Biohydrologic effects of eastern redcedar encroachment into grassland, Oklahoma, USA

Biologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wine ◽  
Jan Hendrickx
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Woody Encroachment ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Eastern Redcedar ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
The Usa

AbstractWoody encroachment affects the biohydrology of rangelands worldwide and can increase evapotranspiration by increasing plant rooting depth, increasing the duration of the growing season, or by initiating a process of hydrologic recovery in formerly overgrazed landscapes. Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) is encroaching rapidly into rangelands in the Southern Great Plains of the USA, and beyond, including Oklahoma. However, the degree to which increasing growing season duration causes higher evapotranspiration after encroachment is not known. Here we show that increasing the duration of the growing season in north-central Oklahoma’s water-limited climate from seven months (April–October) to 12 months increases modeled evapotranspiration only marginally, from 95% to 97% of precipitation. However, this increase in evapotranspiration with woody encroachment into grassland corresponded to a two-thirds reduction in deep drainage. This study’s estimate of the hydrologic effects of eastern redcedar encroachment is likely to be highly conservative because it does not take into account the runoff-inducing effects of livestock grazing. Comparing simulated hydrologic fluxes in the present study to past work measuring runoff from grazinglands suggests that eastern redcedar encroachment into overgrazed rangelands is likely to increase evapotranspiration significantly. Whether or not eastern redcedar encroachment effects on evapotranspiration are discernable at the watershed scale will depend on the extent of encroachment throughout the watershed. Further research is necessary to quantify how the hydrologic effects of eastern redcedar encroachment vary due to climatic gradient.

Preventing Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) Seedling Establishment in the Northern Prairie Pothole Region

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle K. Ohrtman ◽  
Sharon A. Clay ◽  
David E. Clay ◽  
Eric M. Mousel ◽  
Alexander J. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Prairie Pothole Region ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Prairie Pothole

AbstractControlled burns and grazing are being tested to manage invasive grasses in the Prairie Pothole region of the Northern Great Plains. These practices, however, may inadvertently promote saltcedar infestations from seed by opening the vegetative canopy. Saltcedar seedling establishment was investigated in greenhouse experiments using intact soil cores from one summit and three footslope sites in eastern South Dakota. Establishment tests were conducted in soil cores collected from treatment and control plots immediately after spring fire treatment (postburn) and in cores that contained peak cool- or peak warm-season vegetation, with or without clipping (simulated grazing treatment), to simulate vegetation conditions typical of saltcedar seed-shed in northern regions. Cores were seeded with 100 saltcedar seeds and subirrigated to maintain high soil water conditions, characteristic of the environment near potholes during late spring/early summer. Seedlings were counted during the first 3 wk to estimate establishment and the height of five seedlings core−1 were measured weekly to estimate growth rates. Opening the canopy with fire or clipping increased saltcedar establishment. Cores taken immediately after fire treatment had two times more seedlings establish (38% vs. 19%) and greater average seedling growth rate (1.5 mm d−1 vs. 0.9 mm d−1) when compared with no-fire controls. Fire after seeding reduced seedling establishment to 5%, but did not affect growth rate. Saltcedar establishment in peak cool-season vegetation cores was 6% regardless of earlier fire treatment, whereas in peak warm-season vegetation, establishment ranged from 8% (no spring fire) to 17% (spring fire). If soils remain wet, invasion risk following spring fire may be greatest when warm-season grasses are flowering because this time coincides with northern saltcedar seed production. Areas adjacent to viable saltcedar seed sources should be managed to maximize canopy cover when seeds are released to limit further establishment. Fire after saltcedar seed deposition may control propagules and young seedlings.

Vegetation Management in the Cross Timbers: Response of Woody Species to Herbicides and Burning

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy F. Stritzke ◽  
David M. Engle ◽  
F. Ted McCollum
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Cross Timbers ◽  
Good Reduction ◽  
Eastern Redcedar ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Brush Control

Brush control and woody plant community structure in the Cross Timbers of Oklahoma resulting from treatments with herbicides and fire were compared. Tebuthiuron and triclopyr were applied alone and in combination with burning at 2.2 kg ai ha-1in March and June of 1983, respectively. The burned pastures were burned with strip headfires in late spring of 1985, 1986, and 1987. Both herbicides were effective on the dominant overstory brush species, blackjack oak and post oak, and this resulted in good reduction of canopy cover of brush initially. However, effects of triclopyr were short-lived because of ineffectiveness on many of the other hardwood species (American elm, gum bumelia, hackberry, roughleaf dogwood, and buckbrush). Crown reduction and tree kill of these hardwood species was usually better with tebuthiuron than with triclopyr. Neither herbicide was effective on eastern redcedar. Better brush control, associated with tebuthiuron, resulted in better fine fuel release and by 1988, burning was having a significant effect on woody plants in the tebuthiuron-treated plots.

scholarly journals Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) as a Substrate Component Effects Growth of Three Tree Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Zachariah W. Starr ◽  
Cheryl R. Boyer ◽  
Jason J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Eastern Redcedar ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Sustainable and local alternative substrates are being explored for nursery crop production due to concern over pine bark (PB) supplies and costs. This study evaluated a tree species which is weedy in the Great Plains region of the United States, eastern redcedar, processed through a hammer mill equipped with a 19 mm (3/4 in) screen size to create six substrates consisting of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80% eastern redcedar chips (ERC) and 20% sand; the remaining volume was composed of PB. Each of these substrates were then used to grow baldcypress (Taxodium distichum), Chinese pistache (Pistacia chinensis), and silver maple (Acer saccharinum) under two fertilizer rates: either a 4.5 kg·m−3 (7.5 lbs·yd−3) low fertilizer rate or a 8.9 kg·m−3 (15 lbs·yd−3) high fertilizer rate. Substrates composed of 40 and 80% ERC had reduced container capacity, resulting in less growth of all three species. Plants responded similarly to both fertilizer rates suggesting that the limiting factor to plant growth is substrate physical properties. Plants grown in 5–20% ERC were of comparable size and quality to those grown in the control substrate. Therefore, ERC can be recommended as a PB substrate supplement, but not as a full replacement at this time.

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