National Policies on the Cost-Effective Use of New Technologies in Lifelong Learning

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay MacKeogh
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
National Policies ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Modern Educational Technologies and National Interests

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1348-1355
Author(s):  
Emin Garibli, Aysel Garibli
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Remote Training ◽  
The Right ◽  
Effective Use

As we know, one of the lifelong learning forms, which is the correspondence education, has received a wide circulation in our country. However, we have recently mentioned that the type of education should be adapted to modern conditions. As a way out from this situation, the article analyzed the specifics of the distance and supplementary education in the world and the stages of development. Mechanisms of application of existing educational technologies in Azerbaijan were studied. In order to achieve the goals mentioned in the article, the relevant legislation of Azerbaijan has been prepared and recommendations for institutional reforms have been prepared. In the context of globalization, the development of new technologies has negative effects, though there are positive effects. The strengthening of globalization leads to the inequality of development among countries, the sharp differences in the living standards of the population, the escalation of language, religion, traditions and, ultimately, the weakening of national state institutions. In this case, the protection and development of the state language is of great importance and special attention should be paid to this problem. At the end of the article, we came to the problem from another aspect, and we believe that if we use the right technologies properly and precisely, it can be achieved through the promotion of mother tongue.  Our compatriots living abroad will be able to acquire new knowledge and will not forget and develop their mother tongue with effective use of remote training technologies. Millions of our compatriots living abroad will be able to benefit from these advantages. In order to achieve this, it is important to use the modern IT technologies' innovations as well as the effective use of language teaching methods for language development carried out by linguists. We believe that there is a relationship between these two factors, and when analyzing lifelong learning issues, there is a need for two aspects. At the end, it should be noted that we have to analyze the problem from different perspectives and make suggestions.

Cascade Strengthening of Bent Elements by Polymers with Adhesive Joints

2019 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 583-588
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Fem Simulation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Adhesive Joints ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Cascade Method ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost

The subject of the article is to give a full analysis of the cascade type layouts in elements strengthening design in bending by gluing the fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials on their surfaces’ applicability and effectiveness. The research objectives are the substantiation elements cascade method application reinforcement with adhesive joints. Materials and methods are revealed in a few variants of FRP-reinforcement with application of FEM simulation. A number of diagrams and tables represent the results. The results are defined in the cost-effective efficient method presentation of the bent elements strengthening to increase their bearing capacity reserves, the features of the bonded joint behavior, the equations and formulae for the glue joint analysis and design. Conclusions are formulated in depicting the “cascade” reflects, the features of the proposed strengthening design, the base element unloading, which is gradual with each successive element attached. The design examples are oriented on the adhesive joints’ application possibility analysis of attaching the FRP elements. The results suggest the effective use possibility of the adhesive joints to strengthen rather stiff, including steel, elements in bending. The cascade method eliminates the indispensability of highly expensive high-strength materials, thereby reducing the reinforcement structures cost.

scholarly journals Improving Access to Cancer Treatments: The Role of Biosimilars

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Chopra ◽  
Gilberto Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost

Biologics play a key role in cancer treatment and are principal components of many therapeutic regimens. However, they require complex manufacturing processes, resulting in high cost and occasional shortages in supply. The cost of biologics limits accessibility of cancer treatment for many patients. Effective and affordable cancer therapies are needed globally, more so in developing countries, where health care resources can be limited. Biosimilars, which have biologic activity comparable to their corresponding reference drugs and are often more cost effective, have the potential to enhance treatment accessibility for patients and provide alternatives for decision makers (ie, prescribers, regulators, payers, policymakers, and drug developers). Impending patent expirations of several oncology biologics have opened up a vista for the development of corresponding biosimilars. Several countries have implemented abbreviated pathways for approval of biosimilars; however, challenges to their effective use persist. Some of these include designing appropriate clinical trials for assessing biosimilarity, extrapolation of indications, immunogenicity, interchangeability with the reference drug, lack of awareness and possibly acceptance among health care providers, and potential political barriers. In this review, we discuss the potential role and impact of biosimilars in oncology and the challenges related to their adoption and use. We also review the safety and efficacy of some of the widely used biosimilars in oncology and other therapeutic areas (eg, bevacizumab, darbepoetin, filgrastim, rituximab, and trastuzumab).

scholarly journals Cost Effectiveness of First-Line Treatment with Doxorubicin/Ifosfamide Compared to Trabectedin Monotherapy in the Management of Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma in Italy, Spain, and Sweden

Sarcoma ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian F. Guest ◽  
Monica Panca ◽  
Erikas Sladkevicius ◽  
Nicholas Gough ◽  
Mark Linch
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Line Treatment

Background. Doxorubicin/ifosfamide is a first-line systemic chemotherapy for the majority of advanced soft tissue sarcoma (ASTS) subtypes. Trabectedin is indicated for the treatment of ASTS after failure of anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide; however it is being increasingly used off-label as a first-line treatment. This study estimated the cost effectiveness of these two treatments in the first-line management of ASTS in Italy, Spain, and Sweden.Methods. A Markov model was constructed to estimate the cost effectiveness of doxorubicin/ifosfamide compared to trabectedin monotherapy, defined as the cost per QALY gained, in each country.Results. First-line treatment with doxorubicin/ifosfamide resulted in lower two-year healthcare costs and more QALYs than first-line treatment with trabectedin monotherapy in all three countries. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that at a cost per QALY threshold of €35,000, >90% of a cohort would be cost effectively treated with doxorubicin/ifosfamide compared to trabectedin monotherapy in all three countries.Conclusion. Within the model’s limitations, first-line treatment of patients with ASTS with doxorubicin/ifosfamide instead of trabectedin monotherapy affords a cost-effective use of publicly funded healthcare resources in Italy, Spain, and Sweden and is therefore the preferred treatment in all three countries. These findings support the recommendation that trabectedin should remain a second-line treatment.

Paint-Line Retroreflectivity over Time

1997 ◽  
Vol 1585 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Scheuer ◽  
Thomas L. Maleck ◽  
Dale R. Lighthizer
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lane Marking ◽  
Lane Line ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pavement Marking

The Michigan Department of Transportation contracted with Michigan State University to evaluate the performance of highway paint-line material. Several types of pavement-marking materials were studied under a variety of conditions. The project’s goal is to help develop guidelines governing the cost-effective use of pavement-marking materials. Preliminary results indicate that retroreflectivity levels of paint lines did not vary as a function of material; pavement surface had little effect on lane-marking performance; and snowplowing and sanding appeared to be the main factors affecting the decay of lane line retroreflectivity.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Cost-Effective Use of Follow-Up Colonoscopy Based on Screening Findings and Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace N. Joseph ◽  
Farid Heidarnejad ◽  
Eric A. Sherer
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost

Introduction. Colorectal cancer (CRC), if not detected early, can be costly and detrimental to one’s health. Colonoscopy can identify CRC early as well as prevent the disease. The benefit of screening colonoscopy has been established, but the optimal frequency of follow-up colonoscopy is unknown and may vary based on findings from colonoscopy screening and patient age. Methods. A partially observed Markov process (POMP) was used to simulate the effects of follow-up colonoscopy on the development of CRC. The POMP uses adenoma and CRC growth models to calculate the probability of a patient having colorectal adenomas and CRC. Then, based on mortality, quality of life, and the costs associated with diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of colorectal cancer, the overall costs and increase in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) are calculated for follow-up colonoscopy scenarios. Results. At the $100,000/QALY gained threshold, only one follow-up colonoscopy is cost-effective only after screening at age 50 years. The optimal follow-up is 8.5 years, which gives 84.0 QALYs gained/10,000 persons. No follow-up colonoscopy was cost-effective at the $50,000 and $75,000/QALY gained thresholds. The intervals were insensitive to the findings at screening colonoscopy. Conclusion. Follow-up colonoscopy is cost-effective following screening at age 50 years but not if screening occurs later. Following screening at age 50 years, the optimal follow-up interval is close to the currently recommended 10 years for an average risk screening but does not vary by colonoscopy result.

scholarly journals Renovation of apartment buildings with prefabricated modular panels

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalle Kuusk ◽  
Peep Pihelo ◽  
Targo Kalamees
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Grant Scheme ◽  
Main Barrier ◽  
The Cost

New recast of the EPBD requires that that Member States shall establish a long-term strategy facilitating the cost-effective transformation of existing buildings into nearly-zero energy buildings. Lack of fund and lack of awareness is often considered to be the main barrier for the renovation. Experiences with renovation grant scheme in Estonia showed that large scale renovation scheme is a challenge to the construction industry and increased demand creates new problems like labour shortage and increased construction costs. Current renovation rate of apartment buildings in Estonia is approximately 200 buildings (~1%) per year. Demand is higher but current renovation technologies makes it difficult to significantly increase the renovation rate. Achieving the deep renovation goals with current technologies would require expansion of the whole construction sector (designers, contactors, material industry), which is difficult to achieve. Therefore, innovation and new technologies are needed. The prefabrication would be one solution to allow automation of the renovation process and renovate the existing housing stock within a reasonable time period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document