Cascade Strengthening of Bent Elements by Polymers with Adhesive Joints

2019 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 583-588
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Fem Simulation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Adhesive Joints ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Cascade Method ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost

The subject of the article is to give a full analysis of the cascade type layouts in elements strengthening design in bending by gluing the fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials on their surfaces’ applicability and effectiveness. The research objectives are the substantiation elements cascade method application reinforcement with adhesive joints. Materials and methods are revealed in a few variants of FRP-reinforcement with application of FEM simulation. A number of diagrams and tables represent the results. The results are defined in the cost-effective efficient method presentation of the bent elements strengthening to increase their bearing capacity reserves, the features of the bonded joint behavior, the equations and formulae for the glue joint analysis and design. Conclusions are formulated in depicting the “cascade” reflects, the features of the proposed strengthening design, the base element unloading, which is gradual with each successive element attached. The design examples are oriented on the adhesive joints’ application possibility analysis of attaching the FRP elements. The results suggest the effective use possibility of the adhesive joints to strengthen rather stiff, including steel, elements in bending. The cascade method eliminates the indispensability of highly expensive high-strength materials, thereby reducing the reinforcement structures cost.

scholarly journals Cascade method of Stretched Elements strengthening by FRP

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 04037
Author(s):  
Aleksander Danilov ◽  
Ivan Kalugin
Keyword(s):  
Fem Simulation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Adhesive Joints ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Scheme Design ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Cascade Method ◽  
Effective Use

Subject - analysis of applicability and effectiveness of cascade type models in design of strengthening of stretch elements by gluing on their surface fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). Research objectives – cascade method of stretched elements reinforcement with adhesive joints presentation. Materials and methods – few variants of FRP-reinforcement with application of FEM simulation and analytic approach. A number of diagrams and tables represent the results. Results - a highly efficient and cost-effective method of strengthening the stretched elements to increase their bearing capacity reserves, the features of the bonded joint behavior, the equations and formulae for analysis and design. Conclusions - the name “cascade” reflects the features of the proposed strengthening design. The base element relaxation is gradual with each successive element attached. Analytical expressions in a rather general form are obtained and presented to design the cascade strengthening scheme. Design examples concentrate on the analysis of the adhesive joints application to attach FRP elements. The results suggest the effective use of adhesive joints to strengthen rather strong, including steel, stretched elements. The cascade method eliminates the indispensable use of highly expensive high-strength materials, thereby reducing the cost of reinforcement structures.

scholarly journals Improving Access to Cancer Treatments: The Role of Biosimilars

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Chopra ◽  
Gilberto Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost

Biologics play a key role in cancer treatment and are principal components of many therapeutic regimens. However, they require complex manufacturing processes, resulting in high cost and occasional shortages in supply. The cost of biologics limits accessibility of cancer treatment for many patients. Effective and affordable cancer therapies are needed globally, more so in developing countries, where health care resources can be limited. Biosimilars, which have biologic activity comparable to their corresponding reference drugs and are often more cost effective, have the potential to enhance treatment accessibility for patients and provide alternatives for decision makers (ie, prescribers, regulators, payers, policymakers, and drug developers). Impending patent expirations of several oncology biologics have opened up a vista for the development of corresponding biosimilars. Several countries have implemented abbreviated pathways for approval of biosimilars; however, challenges to their effective use persist. Some of these include designing appropriate clinical trials for assessing biosimilarity, extrapolation of indications, immunogenicity, interchangeability with the reference drug, lack of awareness and possibly acceptance among health care providers, and potential political barriers. In this review, we discuss the potential role and impact of biosimilars in oncology and the challenges related to their adoption and use. We also review the safety and efficacy of some of the widely used biosimilars in oncology and other therapeutic areas (eg, bevacizumab, darbepoetin, filgrastim, rituximab, and trastuzumab).

FEM Simulation of an Elliptical-Shaped Corrugated Steel Culvert Pipe for Highway Construction

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 1613-1616
Author(s):  
Feng Yue ◽  
Xue Jun Wen
Keyword(s):  
Highway Construction ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
3D Fem ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Rapid Construction ◽  
Backfill Soil

In this paper, we discuss the design and calculation methods of elliptical-shaped corrugated steel culvert pipe (ECSCP) used in highway construction. With many advantages such as lightweight, environment friendly, cost-effective, rapid construction, etc., corrugated steel culvert pipe (CSCP) have been widely used in highway construction acting as the alternative of RC culvert in China in recent years. The ECSCP in this paper is a kind of culvert which is fabricated to an elliptical shape with several pieces of corrugated steel plates which are jointed by high strength bolts. This study is conducted on the basis of the ECSCP used in the construction of Shanghai North Outer Ring Line Highway in China. 3D FEM analysis is performed considering several parameters such as modulus of elasticity of the surrounding backfill soil, length of major and minor axis of elliptical-shaped section, eccentricity of vehicles. Some design methods are proposed in this paper, and they will be useful guidelines for safe design of ECSCP.

scholarly journals Cost Effectiveness of First-Line Treatment with Doxorubicin/Ifosfamide Compared to Trabectedin Monotherapy in the Management of Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma in Italy, Spain, and Sweden

Sarcoma ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian F. Guest ◽  
Monica Panca ◽  
Erikas Sladkevicius ◽  
Nicholas Gough ◽  
Mark Linch
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Line Treatment

Background. Doxorubicin/ifosfamide is a first-line systemic chemotherapy for the majority of advanced soft tissue sarcoma (ASTS) subtypes. Trabectedin is indicated for the treatment of ASTS after failure of anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide; however it is being increasingly used off-label as a first-line treatment. This study estimated the cost effectiveness of these two treatments in the first-line management of ASTS in Italy, Spain, and Sweden.Methods. A Markov model was constructed to estimate the cost effectiveness of doxorubicin/ifosfamide compared to trabectedin monotherapy, defined as the cost per QALY gained, in each country.Results. First-line treatment with doxorubicin/ifosfamide resulted in lower two-year healthcare costs and more QALYs than first-line treatment with trabectedin monotherapy in all three countries. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that at a cost per QALY threshold of €35,000, >90% of a cohort would be cost effectively treated with doxorubicin/ifosfamide compared to trabectedin monotherapy in all three countries.Conclusion. Within the model’s limitations, first-line treatment of patients with ASTS with doxorubicin/ifosfamide instead of trabectedin monotherapy affords a cost-effective use of publicly funded healthcare resources in Italy, Spain, and Sweden and is therefore the preferred treatment in all three countries. These findings support the recommendation that trabectedin should remain a second-line treatment.

Paint-Line Retroreflectivity over Time

1997 ◽  
Vol 1585 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Scheuer ◽  
Thomas L. Maleck ◽  
Dale R. Lighthizer
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Michigan State University ◽  
State University ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lane Marking ◽  
Lane Line ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pavement Marking

The Michigan Department of Transportation contracted with Michigan State University to evaluate the performance of highway paint-line material. Several types of pavement-marking materials were studied under a variety of conditions. The project’s goal is to help develop guidelines governing the cost-effective use of pavement-marking materials. Preliminary results indicate that retroreflectivity levels of paint lines did not vary as a function of material; pavement surface had little effect on lane-marking performance; and snowplowing and sanding appeared to be the main factors affecting the decay of lane line retroreflectivity.

Press and Sintering of Titanium

2016 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Frykholm ◽  
Benjamin Brash
Keyword(s):  
Density Ratio ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Press ◽  
Powder Properties ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Machining Operations

Titanium based alloys show very high strength to density ratio, and could be the choice of material for a wide range of applications. By practicing press and sintering for production of Ti components, high materials utilization can be assured, and at the same time costly machining operations can be limited. Difficulties in processing and high cost for powders have been limiting factors for progress, but recent development indicates good possibilities on cost effective use of TiH2 powder in the press and sintering segment. In this paper, influence of processing parameters and powder properties on final sintered component properties are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Cost-Effective Use of Follow-Up Colonoscopy Based on Screening Findings and Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace N. Joseph ◽  
Farid Heidarnejad ◽  
Eric A. Sherer
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost

Introduction. Colorectal cancer (CRC), if not detected early, can be costly and detrimental to one’s health. Colonoscopy can identify CRC early as well as prevent the disease. The benefit of screening colonoscopy has been established, but the optimal frequency of follow-up colonoscopy is unknown and may vary based on findings from colonoscopy screening and patient age. Methods. A partially observed Markov process (POMP) was used to simulate the effects of follow-up colonoscopy on the development of CRC. The POMP uses adenoma and CRC growth models to calculate the probability of a patient having colorectal adenomas and CRC. Then, based on mortality, quality of life, and the costs associated with diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of colorectal cancer, the overall costs and increase in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) are calculated for follow-up colonoscopy scenarios. Results. At the $100,000/QALY gained threshold, only one follow-up colonoscopy is cost-effective only after screening at age 50 years. The optimal follow-up is 8.5 years, which gives 84.0 QALYs gained/10,000 persons. No follow-up colonoscopy was cost-effective at the $50,000 and $75,000/QALY gained thresholds. The intervals were insensitive to the findings at screening colonoscopy. Conclusion. Follow-up colonoscopy is cost-effective following screening at age 50 years but not if screening occurs later. Following screening at age 50 years, the optimal follow-up interval is close to the currently recommended 10 years for an average risk screening but does not vary by colonoscopy result.

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