scholarly journals Melatonin Concentration in Plasma, Pineal Gland and Duodenum of Pregnant Rats and their Fetuses after Melatonin and Phenytoin Administration

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
K. Stebelová ◽  
M. Mach ◽  
I. Herichová ◽  
E. Ujházy ◽  
M. Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Anticonvulsant Drug ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Melatonin Concentration ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Related Increase

Melatonin (MEL) is involved in regulation of variety of physiological processes. Beside the pineal gland, the presence of MEL was confirmed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), where it may exert multiple actions. We investigated the effects of a single MEL administration of 0.4, 4.0 and 40.0 μg MEL/ml of tap water on MEL levels in rat plasma, pineal gland and duodenum. In addition, we studied the effect of a prolonged administration of MEL, an anticonvulsant drug phenytoin (PHT) and a combination of MEL+PHT, on MEL concentrations in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Single MEL administration of 4.0 and 40.0 μg MEL/ml resulted in a dose-related increase of MEL concentration in the rat plasma and duodenum but in a decrease of MEL in the pineal gland. After a prolonged MEL administration, MEL levels in duodenal tissues were significantly lower in control group and group treated with PHT as compared to animals, where MEL and PHT were administered simultaneously. A significant increase in MEL concentration was recorded in the intestine of fetuses taken from mothers treated with MEL and MEL + PHT. Our results indicate a dose-related absorption of MEL from tap water to GIT tissues of pregnant rats and their fetuses, where MEL may increase the protection of the intestinal mucose.

scholarly journals Do prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism affect the craniofacial structure?: An experimental study

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mine Gecgelen Cesur ◽  
Gokhan Cesur ◽  
Mert Ogrenim ◽  
Afra Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Craniofacial Structure ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of experimental prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism (HT) on the craniofacial structure in rats. Materials and Methods: Female Wistar albino rats were mated with males for fertilization. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (methimazole [MMI]-induced prenatal hypothyroidism group) mother rats were given MMI water during and after pregnancy. Group 2 (MMI-induced postnatal hypothyroidism group) mother rats were given MMI water after pregnancy. After the breast-feeding period, group 1 and 2 rat pups received the same water as their lactating mothers drank. Group 3 (control group) pregnant rats and rat pups were given normal tap water. When the rat pups were 90 days of age, lateral cephalometric and posteroanterior films were taken under anesthesia. Results: Posteroanterior radiographs revealed that palatal, cranial, bizygomatic arch, and bigonial width measurements were significantly shorter in prenatal HT and postnatal HT groups compared to the control group (P < .001). Intragroup comparisons in lateral cephalometric radiographs showed that, nearly all of the comparisons were statistically significant (P < .05), with the exception of the Co-Gn, E-Pg/S-Gn measurements between the prenatal and postnatal HT groups. Conclusions: Sagittal and transverse measurements showed that untreated HT has detrimental effects on the growth of the maxilla and mandible.

scholarly journals “Endogenous Melatonin Concentration Along with the Expression of Mitochondrial Regulator Genes is Elevated by the Serum Shock Process in the U87-MG Cell Line”

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayan Balkhi ◽  
Marie Saghaeian Jazi ◽  
Nader Mansour Samaei ◽  
Mahtab Farahmandrad
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Shock Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells ◽  
Melatonin Concentration ◽  
Shock Process ◽  
Regulator Genes ◽  
New Research ◽  
Endogenous Melatonin

Abstract According to the World Health Organization, glioblastoma, also known as the fourth grade in the development of astrocytoma, is a glial tumor limited to the central nervous system with a strong ability to invade the brain parenchyma. Melatonin can be generated outside of the pineal gland tissue, according to new research. Melatonin is produced by mitochondria independently but in concert with cell demands, and it plays an important function in cell cycle and metabolism regulation. As a result, we set out to investigate the association between cell metabolism and the serum shock-induced increase in endogenous melatonin, as well as the percentage of cell proliferation.Background: Melatonin can be produced in the mitochondria organelle of glioblastoma cells without the involvement of the pineal gland, according to new research. Regarding the physiological function of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland in the regulation of rhythmicity, the goal of this study was to see if the glioblastoma cell's melatonin production ability could be influenced using a typical serum shock technique established for cellular rhythm regulator.Material and methods: First, U87-MG glioblastoma cells were cultured in a DMEM medium containing 10% FBS and then cells were treated with a standard serum shock process (no FBS, 8h). The concentration of melatonin was measured using ELISA method in supernatant and cell extracts of Shock and control groups. The cell proliferation was measured by using BrdU staining and flow cytometry assessment. The gene expression levels of some mitochondria or circadian related genes including TFAM, BMAL1, PPARGC1A(PGC1-α), and DNM1L(DRP1) were measured, using qRT-PCR method.Results: In comparison to the control group, serum shock treated U87-MG glioblastoma cells had higher concentrations of cellular and released endogenous melatonin (two times). At the mRNA level, we discovered considerable upregulation of mitochondrial or circadian regulator genes (TFAM, BMAL1, PPARGC1A, and DNM1L); in the shock group compared to the control group (P <0.0002). Furthermore, although the percentage of proliferative cells (Brdu positive) was higher in the shock group, it was not statistically significant.Conclusion: The serum shock procedure has a significant impact on the U87-MG cell line's cellular activity. In terms of the study's findings, it's worth noting that an increase in endogenous melatonin concentration influences several signaling pathways within the U87-MG cell line, as seen by the increased expression of candidate genes.In light of the findings of this study, it's worth noting that further research into the role of endogenous melatonin and its effects on cancer cells is critical, and that comparing the results of normal and cancer cells can reveal the hotspots of the signaling pathways involved, which could facilitate in better understanding the biology of glioblastoma.

scholarly journals Effects of Electroacupuncture on Pain Threshold of Laboring Rats and the Expression of Norepinephrine Transporter andα2 Adrenergic Receptor in the Central Nervous System

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Qianli Tang ◽  
Qiuyan Jiang ◽  
Suren R. Sooranna ◽  
Shike Lin ◽  
Yuanyuan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Norepinephrine Transporter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
The Central Nervous System

To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on pain threshold of laboring rats and the expression of norepinephrine transporter andα2 adrenergic receptor in the central nervous system to determine the mechanism of the analgesic effect of labor. 120 pregnant rats were divided into 6 groups: a control group, 4 electroacupuncture groups, and a meperidine group. After interventions, the warm water tail-flick test was used to observe pain threshold. NE levels in serum, NET, andα2AR mRNA and protein expression levels in the central nervous system were measured. No difference in pain threshold was observed between the 6 groups before intervention. After intervention, increased pain thresholds were observed in all groups except the control group with a higher threshold seen in the electroacupuncture groups. Serum NE levels decreased in the electroacupuncture and MP groups. Increases in NET andα2AR expression in the cerebral cortex and decreases in enlarged segments of the spinal cord were seen. Acupuncture increases uptake of NE via cerebral NET and decreases its uptake by spinal NET. The levels ofα2AR are also increased and decreased, respectively, in both tissues. This results in a decrease in systemic NE levels and may be the mechanism for its analgesic effects.

Maternal treatment with fluoxetine promotes testicular alteration in male rat pups

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline C. Ramos ◽  
Alice H. dos Santos ◽  
Kennia M. Silveira ◽  
Ana Carolina I. Kiss ◽  
Suzana F. P. Mesquita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Maternal Treatment

Fluoxetine (FLX) is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant commonly prescribed during pregnancy and lactation. Pre- and post-partum depression, as well as SSRI treatment during these periods, may change maternal care, interfering with offspring development. Moreover, it is known that SSRIs may alter testes structure and function in offspring. The present study investigated the effects of maternal FLX exposure on maternal behaviour and testes function in offspring. Female Wistar rats were treated with 7.5 mg kg–1 FLX or tap water (control group) by gavage from the Day 1 of pregnancy until 21 days after birth (postnatal Day (PND) 21). Maternal behaviour was evaluated and morphofunctional analyses of offspring testes were conducted on PND 21 and 50. There were no significant differences between the FLX-treated and control groups regarding maternal behaviour. Nor did maternal treatment with FLX have any effect on bodyweight gain, anogenital distance, day of preputial separation, testis weight and the gonadosomatic index in male offspring. However, there was a decreased number of Sertoli cells at both PND 21 and 50 in FLX-exposed male offspring. The findings of the present study demonstrate that maternal exposure to FLX can impair testicular function in weanling and pubertal animals.

THE UPTAKE OF TRITIATED LYSINE VASOPRESSIN BY RAT AND PIG PITUITARY NEURAL LOBES IN VITRO

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Neural Lobe ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
And Control

SUMMARY Uptake of tritiated lysine vasopressin ([3H]LVP) was studied in halved neural lobes of rats (which had been given either tap water (control group) or 2% (w/v) NaCl solution as drinking water for 4 days) as well as in slices of pig neural lobe. Uptake of radioactivity into the neural lobes was shown but analysis of the extracts of incubated lobes of both species by ion exchange chromatography showed that very little of it remained in the tissue as hormone. In addition, some radioactivity was associated with trichloroacetic acid-insoluble proteins. After 90 min of incubation, and after correction for the breakdown, the uptake of unchanged [3H]LVP, expressed as a tissue: medium ratio, was 0·14 ± 0·04 and 0·09 ± 0·03 (mean ± s.e.m.) for the saline-treated and control rats respectively, while the tissue: medium ratios for the breakdown product(s) were 6·47 ± 0·45 and 5·50 ± 0·36. The results suggest uptake of [3H]LVP into the cell with almost complete intracellular breakdown of the hormone.

scholarly journals Evaluation of (anti)genotoxic activities of Phyllanthus niruri L. in rat bone marrow using the micronucleus test

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Márlisson de Queiroz ◽  
Kayo Wanderson de Oliveira Matias ◽  
Mylena Mylana Freire da Cunha ◽  
Aline Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes

Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae), known as "quebra-pedra" (Portuguese for "stonebreaker"), is an herb used for kidney disorders. In light of its frequent use by the population, the present study aimed to investigate the genotoxic, antigenotoxic and cytotoxic activities of a standardized P. niruri extract in bone marrow rats. Three groups of 12 animals were treated daily by gavage over a period of 30 days, with 50, 150 or 250 mg/kg of P. niruri extract aqueous solution. The control group (n = 12) received tap water. At the end of treatment (day 31), groups were divided into two minor subgroups (n=6/group) and received cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline 0.9% (i.p.). After 24 hours, we evaluated the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes for each animal (MNPCE) at 1000 PCE. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with the PCE/NCE ratio (NEC = normochromatic erythrocytes). General toxicity was assessed during treatment using the parameters of body weight gain, ration and water consumption. The dry extract did not provoke changes in body weight, weight gain, ration and water intake or changes in the frequency of MNPCE or cytotoxicity in bone marrow. We propose that the P. niruri extract used here showed no genotoxic, antigenotoxic and cytotoxic activities under the experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of flaxseed intake upon metabolic syndrome indicators in female Wistar rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Hipólito Cardozo Brant ◽  
Ludmila Ferreira Medeiros de França Cardozo ◽  
Luís Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽  
Gilson Teles Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Glucose Profiles

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the prolonged consumption of flaxseed minimize the factors that trigger MS in healthy rats. METHODS: Pregnant rats were divided immediately after delivery into two groups during the lactation period, a control group (CG) receiving casein-based diet with 17% of protein, and a Flaxseed group (FG) with casein-based diet plus 25% of flaxseed. At weaning, 12 offspring of each group continued to receive the same feed but with 10% of protein up to 200 days old. RESULTS: FG showed a significant reduction in body weight (p=0.001), total cholesterol levels (p<0.0001), triglycerides (p=0.0001), and glucose (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The flaxseed alters the indicators related to development of metabolic syndrome, because it has beneficial effects on lipids and glucose profiles and prevents the excess of body weight gain.

Different effect of l-NAME treatment on susceptibility to decompression sickness in male and female rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1280-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Mazur ◽  
Peter Buzzacott ◽  
Kate Lambrechts ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Marc Belhomme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
No Production ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Expression Activity ◽  
No Bioavailability

Vascular bubble formation results from supersaturation during inadequate decompression contributes to endothelial injuries, which form the basis for the development of decompression sickness (DCS). Risk factors for DCS include increased age, weight–fat mass, decreased maximal oxygen uptake, chronic diseases, dehydration, and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Production of NO is often affected by diving and its expression–activity varies between the genders. Little is known about the influence of sex on the risk of DCS. To study this relationship we used an animal model of Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) to induce decreased NO production. Male and female rats with diverse ages and weights were divided into 2 groups: treated with l-NAME (in tap water; 0.05 mg·mL–1 for 7 days) and a control group. To control the distribution of nitrogen among tissues, 2 different compression–decompression protocols were used. Results showed that l-NAME was significantly associated with increased DCS in female rats (p = 0.039) only. Weight was significant for both sexes (p = 0.01). The protocol with the highest estimated tissue pressures in the slower compartments was 2.6 times more likely to produce DCS than the protocol with the highest estimated tissue pressures in faster compartments. The outcome of this study had significantly different susceptibility to DCS after l-NAME treatment between the sexes, while l-NAME per se had no effect on the likelihood of DCS. The analysis also showed that for the appearance of DCS, the most significant factors were type of protocol and weight.

scholarly journals Effect of the oral administration of monosodium glutamate during pregnancy and breast-feeding in the offspring of pregnant Wistar rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius von Diemen ◽  
Manoel Roberto Maciel Trindade
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Dependent Relation ◽  
Dose Dependent

PURPOSE: Determine the effects of the MSG (monosodium glutamate) in the offspring of pregnant rats through the comparison of the weight, NAL (nasal-anal length) and IL (Index of Lee) at birth and with 21 days of life. METHODS: Pregnant Wistar rats and their offspring were divided into 3 groups: GC, G10 and G20. Each of the groups received 0%, 10% and 20% of MSG, respectively from coupling until the end of the weaning period. RESULTS: Neither weight nor NAL were different among the groups at birth. The group G20 at birth had an IL lower than the group GC (p<0,05) and with 21 days of life presented weight and NAL lower than the groups G10 and this lower than the GC (p<0,01). Otherwise the G20 at 21 days of life had the IL similar to the other two groups. The weight profit percentage from birth to the 21st day of life was lower in the G20 regarding the other two groups (p<0,01). The G20 had a NAL increase percentage from birth to the 21st day of life lower than the G10 and this lower than the GC (p<0,01). CONCLUSIONS: MSG presented a dose-dependent relation in the variables weight and NAL. It caused a decrease in the growth pattern as well as in the weight gain pattern until the 21st day of life. The IL of the group 20% had an increased in relation to the control group after 3 weeks of follow up.

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