Experimental infection of weaned piglets with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O149:F4

EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coliis an important enteric pathogen causing post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets. Enterotoxins ofE. coliinduce the release of fluid into the intestines without apparent inflammation. Some serotypes ofE. coli, especially O149:F4 can often be identified in association with haemorrhagic gastroenteritis. In this study we infected the weaned piglets (n = 53) by oral administration of enterotoxigenicE. coliO149:F4 strains isolated from piglets suffering from haemorrhagic gastroenteritis. The clinical course of infection and shedding of the challengeE. colistrain in the faeces of infected piglets was monitored for 14 days. The challenge strain soon outnumbered the otherE. colitypes in the intestines of most piglets. Diarrhoea developed in the majority of piglets and its severity varied. Severe diarrhoea was observed in 10% of the piglets but only one piglet died due to dehydration. No inflammatory lesions were detected in the intestines of the dead piglet and the other euthanized piglets. We assume that development of haemorrhagic gastroenteritis depends on the involvement of other factors that need to be identified.E. coliO149:F4 are only one of the causative factors of haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in piglets after weaning.

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Influence of sodium chlorate, ferulic acid, and essential oils on Escherichia coli and porcine fecal microbiota

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Claudio Arzola-Alvarez ◽

Michael E Hume ◽

Robin C Anderson ◽

Elizabeth A Latham ◽

Oscar Ruiz-Barrera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Ferulic Acid ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Gene Sequencing ◽

Sodium Chlorate ◽

The Other ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Similarity Coefficients ◽

E Coli

Abstract The influence of sodium chlorate (SC), ferulic acid (FA), and essential oils (EO) was examined on the survivability of two porcine diarrhetic enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains (F18 and K88) and populations of porcine fecal bacteria. Fecal bacterial populations were examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and identification by 16S gene sequencing. The treatments were control (no additives), 10 mM SC, 2.5 mg FA /mL, a 1.5% vol/vol solution of an EO mixture as well as mixtures of EO + SC, EO + FA, and FA + SC at each of the aforementioned concentrations. EO were a commercial blend of oregano oil and cinnamon oil with water and citric acid. Freshly collected porcine feces in half-strength Mueller Hinton broth was inoculated with E. coli F18 (Trial 1) or E. coli K88 (Trial 2). The fecal-E. coli suspensions were transferred to crimp top tubes preloaded with the treatment compounds. Quantitative enumeration was at 0, 6, and 24 h. All treatments reduced (P < 0.05) the counts of E. coli F18 at 6 and 24 h. With the exception of similarity coefficient (%SC), all the other treatments reduced (P < 0.05) the K88 counts at 24 h. The most effective treatments to reduce the F18 and K88 CFU numbers were those containing EO. Results of DGGE revealed that Dice percentage similarity coefficients (%SC) of bacterial profiles among treatment groups varied from 81.3% to 100%SC. The results of gene sequencing showed that, except for SC at 24 h, all the other treatments reduced the counts of the family Enterobacteriaceae, while Lactobacillaceae and Ruminococcaceae increased and Clostridiaceae decreased in all treatments. In conclusion, all treatments were effective in reducing the ETEC, but EO mixture was the most effective. The porcine microbial communities may be influenced by the studied treatments.

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Ingestion of organic acids and cinnamaldehyde improves tissue homeostasis of piglets exposed to enterotoxic Escherichia coli (ETEC)

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Milton J Jiménez ◽

Roger Berrios ◽

Sabine Stelzhammer ◽

Miriam Hohmann ◽

Waldiceu Verri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Intestinal Cell ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

E Coli ◽

The Impact

Abstract Organic acids (OA) and phytogenic compounds have been used in pig feeding as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. However, few studies have evaluated the systemic effect of the combination of these additives. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an organic acid-based feed additive (OAFA), containing a blend of OA and cinnamaldehyde, on the tissue integrity of bacterially challenged piglets. Thirty weaned piglets 21 d old were used in a 19-d trial. Pigs received a standard diet during the first 7 d and afterward were allotted to five treatments. Dietary treatments were: Control (basal diet), Escherichia coli (basal diet and challenge with E. coli), colistin (basal diet + 200 mg colistin/kg feed + challenge with E. coli), OAFA1 (basal diet + 1 kg OAFA/ton feed + challenge with E. coli), and OAFA2 (basal diet + 2 kg OAFA/ton feed + challenge with E. coli). Seven days after the beginning of the treatment, the animals were challenged with an enterotoxic strain of E. coli (K88) for pigs. Five days after the challenge, all animals were euthanized for tissue sampling for histological and oxidative stress (intestine and liver) analysis. The reduced glutathione (GSH), ferric-reducing ability potential (FRAP), and free-radical scavenging ability (ABTS) assays were used to evaluate the intestinal antioxidant defense. Lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion production were evaluated through the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay, respectively. Animals fed the OAFA (1 and 2) diets had a decrease (P < 0.05) on histological changes in the intestine, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen. Greater villus height (VH) and a higher ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD) were observed in animals of the OAFA2 group compared with the control and E. coli groups. The colistin and OAFA groups decreased (P < 0.05) the number of inflammatory cells in intestinal lamina propria. OAFA2 group increased (P < 0.05) intestinal cell proliferation. Colistin and OAFA2 supplementation induced a decrease (P < 0.05) in the levels of TBARS in both the intestine and liver compared with the E. coli group. In addition, an increase (P < 0.05) in GSH and FRAP ileal levels was observed in the OAFA2 group compared with E. coli group. These results show that the supplementation with OAFA in the diet of weaned piglets, especially at a dose of 2 kg/ton (OAFA2) protected tissues against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) damage.

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Virulence profiles of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from piglets with post-weaning diarrhea and classification according to fecal consistency

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2016000400001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 253-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

José Paulo H. Sato ◽

Karine L. Takeuti ◽

Mariana R. Andrade ◽

Priscilla K.V. Koerich ◽

Vinícius Tagliari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Bacterial Isolation ◽

E Coli

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and association of virulence factors of Escherichia (E.) coli isolated from weaned piglets with diarrhea and to correlate it with fecal consistency. A total of 152 rectal swabs were collected from 25-40 day-old piglets with diarrhea, in farms of Southern Brazil. Phenotypical and molecular techniques were used for bacterial isolation, characterization and classification of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) pathotypes. Statistical analysis was carried out to determine the frequency of virulence factors and virotypes, of fimbriae F4, F5, F6, F18, F41 and toxins LT, STa, STb and STx2e. Out of 456 E. coli isolates, 287 (62.9%) samples showed significant growth of E. coli. Among them, 194 (67.6%) samples showed at least one virulence factor, indicating that ETEC is an important etiological agent of diarrhea in weaned piglets. Higher frequencies were found of fimbria F4 and F18 and enterotoxins LT, STa and STb. Significant association was found to F4, LT, STa and STb; between F18 and STa and STx2e; between F5 and LT, STa and STb. The most frequent virotypes were F18-STa, F4-LT-STa-STb, F4-STa, F4-LT-STb and F18-STa-STx2e. Beta-hemolysis was observed in 47.4% of samples and there was significant association between hemolytic samples and virulence factors F4, F18, STa and STx2e. Regarding fecal consistency, there was significant association of liquid feces and F4 fimbria, STa toxin and virotypes F4-STa and F4-F5-LT-STa-STb. Since there was significant association of ETEC and liquid feces in nursery piglets, it is important to prioritize the sampling of liquid feces for the diagnosis etiologic cause of diarrhea.

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Intestinal and Mucosal Microbiomic Response to Oral Challenge of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli in Weaned Pigs

10.21203/rs.3.rs-888158/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shan-Shan Peng ◽

Yingjie Li ◽

Qiuhong Chen ◽

Qi Hu ◽

Ying He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Correlation Analysis ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

The Other ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Transcription Level ◽

E Coli ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Etec Infection

Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is closely associated with diarrhoea in children in resource-limited countries and of travellers’ diarrhoea. This study aims to investigate the change of ileal mucosal microbiome and ileal protein expression as well as their correlation in pigs by E. coli K88 (ETEC). Seven weaned male pigs were orally given 1 ×109 CFU of ETEC (ETEC, n = 7), and the other seven received saline (CON, n = 7). Ileal tissues were obtained 48 h after the ETEC challenge for both proteomic and mucosal microbiomic analyses. Nine proteins were altered in expression level in the ETEC group, including decreased expression of FABP1 and FABP6 involved in bile acid circulation. TLR-9 mediated pathway was also affected at transcription level with increased expression of SIGIRR and MyD88. Correlation analysis revealed correlations between the ileal proteins and mucosal bacterial taxa, including the positive correlation between Lactobacilli and PPP3CA (r = 0.9, p < 0.001), and negative correlation between Prevotella with CTNND1 (r = -0.7, p < 0.01). In conclusion, ETEC infection caused inflammation and impaired the circulation of bile acids, and the mucosal microbiome may affect the expression of intestinal proteins. Further studies are needed for exact roles of these affected processes in the pathogenesis of ETEC-triggered diarrhoea.

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Evolution of Pig Fecal Microbiota Composition and Diversity in Response to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection and Colistin Treatment in Weaned Piglets

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9071459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 1459

Author(s):

Mohamed Rhouma ◽

Charlotte Braley ◽

William Thériault ◽

Alexandre Thibodeau ◽

Sylvain Quessy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Treatment ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

E Coli ◽

Escherichia Coli Infection ◽

Pig Health ◽

Microbiota Diversity ◽

Sampling Times

The intestinal microbiota plays several important roles in pig health and growth. The aim of the current study was to characterize the changes in the fecal microbiota diversity and composition of weaned piglets following an oral challenge with an ETEC: F4 strain and/or a treatment with colistin sulfate (CS). Twenty-eight piglets were used in this experiment and were divided into four groups: challenged untreated, challenged treated, unchallenged treated, and unchallenged untreated. Rectal swab samples were collected at five sampling times throughout the study. Total genomic DNA was used to assess the fecal microbiota diversity and composition using the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The relative abundance, the composition, and the community structure of piglet fecal microbiota was highly affected by the ETEC: F4 challenge throughout the experiment, while the oral treatment with CS, a narrow spectrum antibiotic, resulted in a significant decrease of E. coli/Shigella populations during the treatment period only. This study was the first to identify some gut microbiota subgroups (e.g., Streptococcus, Lachnospiraceae) that are associated with healthy piglets as compared to ETEC: F4 challenged animals. These key findings might contribute to the development of alternative strategies to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the control of post-weaning diarrhea in pigs.

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Deletion of FaeG alleviated Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4ac-induced apoptosis in the intestine

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-021-01201-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pengpeng Xia ◽

Yunping Wu ◽

Siqi Lian ◽

Guomei Quan ◽

Yiting Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Mucosal Damage ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Antibody Microarray ◽

E Coli ◽

Fimbrial Subunit ◽

Induced Apoptosis ◽

Weaning Piglets

AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4ac is a major constraint to the development of the pig industry, which is causing newborn and post-weaning piglets diarrhea. Previous studies proved that FaeG is the major fimbrial subunit of F4ac E. coli and efficient for bacterial adherence and receptor recognition. Here we show that the faeG deletion attenuates both the clinical symptoms of F4ac infection and the F4ac-induced intestinal mucosal damage in piglets. Antibody microarray analysis and the detection of mRNA expression using porcine neonatal jejunal IPEC-J2 cells also determined that the absence of FaeG subunit alleviated the F4ac promoted apoptosis in the intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, targeted depletion of FaeG is still beneficial for the prevention or treatment of F4ac infection.

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Escherichia coli O157:H7 SURVIVAL IN TRADITIONAL AND LOW LACTOSE YOGURT DURING FERMENTATION AND COOLING PERIODS

Ciência Animal Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1089-6891v18e-39554 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Camila Sampaio Cutrim ◽

Raphael Ferreira de Barros ◽

Robson Maia Franco ◽

Marco Antonio Sloboda Cortez

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

The Other ◽

Lactose Hydrolysis ◽

Escherichia Coli O157 ◽

E Coli ◽

Gas Formation ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Milk Contamination ◽

Different Types ◽

Fermentation Period

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of E. coli O157:H7 during lactose hydrolysis and fermentation of traditional and low lactose yogurt. It also aimed to verify E. coli O157:H7 survival after 12 h of storage at 4 ºC ±1 ºC. Two different types of yogurts were prepared, two with whole milk and two with pre-hydrolyzed whole milk; in both groups one yogurt was inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and the other one was not inoculated. The survival of E. coli and pH of yogurt were determined during fermentation and after 12-h refrigeration. The results showed that E. coli O157:H7 was able to grow during the fermentation period (from 4.34 log CFU.mL-1 to 6.13 log CFU.mL-1 in traditional yogurt and 4.34 log CFU.mL-1 to 6.16 log CFU.mL-1 in low lactose yogurt). The samples with E. coli O157:H7 showed gas formation and syneresis. Thus, E. coli O157:H7 was able to survive and grow during fermentation of traditional and low lactose yogurts affecting the manufacture technology. Moreover, milk contamination by E. coli before LAB addition reduces the growth of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus especially when associated with reduction of lactose content.

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A surveillance of enteropathogens in piglets from birth to seven days of age in Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2013000800002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 963-969 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Eduardo C. Cruz Junior ◽

Felipe M. Salvarani ◽

Rodrigo O.S. Silva ◽

Marcos X. Silva ◽

Francisco C.F. Lobato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Type A ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Microbiological Test ◽

E Coli ◽

Isospora Suis ◽

Real Importance ◽

Type C

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the real importance of anaerobic enteropathogens and rotavirus in contrast to more common agents as cause of diarrhea in piglets within the first week of life. Sixty 1- to 7-day-old piglets, 30 diarrheic and 30 non-diarrheic (control), from 15 different herds were selected, euthanized and necropsied. Samples of the jejunum, ileum, colon, cecum and feces were collected from the piglets and analyzed to determine the presence of the following enteropathogens: enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Clostridium perfringens types A and C, Clostridium difficile, rotavirus and Isospora suis. Among diarrheic piglets, 23.3% were positive for C. difficile, 70% for C. perfringens type A cpb2+, 14.3% for rotavirus and 10% for ETEC. Among non-diarrheic control piglets, 10% were positive for C. difficile, 76.7% for C. perfringens type A cpb2+, 0% for rotavirus, 3.3% for ETEC and 3.3% for I. suis. C. perfringens type C was not detected in any of the animals. Histological lesions characteristic of C. difficile, E. coli and rotavirus were observed. However, no C. perfringens type A suggestive lesions were detected. There was a positive correlation between mesocolon edema and the presence of C. difficile toxins. Although C. perfringens type A cpb2+ was the most frequently detected enteropathogen, there was no association between its presence and diarrhea or macro or microscopic changes. C. difficile and Rotavirus were the most relevant pathogens involved with neonatal diarrhea in this study, and histopathology associated with microbiological test proved to be the key to reach a final diagnosis.

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Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Identification of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Strains

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063870101300405 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 308-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jacek Osek

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Direct Determination ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Polymerase Chain

A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system was developed for identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains and to differentiate them from other gram negative enteric bacteria. This test simultaneously amplifies heat-labile (LTI) and heat-stable (STI and STII) toxin sequences and the E. coli-specific universal stress protein ( uspA). The specificity of the method was validated by single PCR tests performed with the reference E. coli and non- E. coli strains and with bacteria isolated from pig feces. The multiplex PCR allowed the rapid and specific identification of enterotoxin-positive E. coli and may be used as a method for direct determination of ETEC and to differentiate them from other E. coli and gram-negative enteric isolates.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of the Potential of Escherichia coli Phages to Treat Infections and Survive Gastric Conditions

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9091869 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1869

Author(s):

Joanna Kaczorowska ◽

Eoghan Casey ◽

Gabriele A. Lugli ◽

Marco Ventura ◽

David J. Clarke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

E Coli ◽

Composite Mixture ◽

Ph Conditions ◽

The Stability ◽

Higher Sensitivity

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Shigella ssp. infections are associated with high rates of mortality, especially in infants in developing countries. Due to increasing levels of global antibiotic resistance exhibited by many pathogenic organisms, alternative strategies to combat such infections are urgently required. In this study, we evaluated the stability of five coliphages (four Myoviridae and one Siphoviridae phage) over a range of pH conditions and in simulated gastric conditions. The Myoviridae phages were stable across the range of pH 2 to 7, while the Siphoviridae phage, JK16, exhibited higher sensitivity to low pH. A composite mixture of these five phages was tested in vivo in a Galleria mellonella model. The obtained data clearly shows potential in treating E. coli infections prophylactically.

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