scholarly journals Human myiasis caused by the reindeer warble fly, Hypoderma tarandi, case series from Norway, 2011 to 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (29) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörgen Landehag ◽  
Andreas Skogen ◽  
Kjetil Åsbakk ◽  
Boris Kan

Hypoderma tarandi causes myiasis in reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus spp.) in most northern hemisphere regions where these animals live. We report a series of 39 human myiasis cases caused by H. tarandi in Norway from 2011 to 2016. Thirty-two were residents of Finnmark, the northernmost county of Norway, one a visitor to Finnmark, and six lived in other counties of Norway where reindeer live. Clinical manifestations involved migratory dermal swellings of the face and head, enlargement of regional lymph nodes, and periorbital oedema, with or without eosinophilia. Most cases of human myiasis are seen in tropical and subtropical countries, and in tourists returning from such areas. Our findings demonstrate that myiasis caused by H. tarandi is more common than previously thought. Healthcare professionals in regions where there is a likelihood of human infestation with H. tarandi (regions populated by reindeer), or treating returning travellers, should be aware of the condition. All clinicians are advised to obtain a detailed travel history when assessing patients with migratory dermal swellings. On clinical suspicion, ivermectin should be given to prevent larval invasion of the eye (ophthalmomyiasis). Since H. tarandi oviposits on hair, we suggest wearing a hat as a prevention measure.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S428-S428
Author(s):  
Jennifer Jubulis ◽  
Amanda Goddard ◽  
Elizabeth Seiverling ◽  
Marc Kimball ◽  
Carol A McCarthy

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis has many clinical manifestations and treatment regimens, dependent on species and host. Old world leishmaniasis is found primarily in Africa and Asia, and is associated with visceral disease, while new world disease, seen primarily in Latin America, is more commonly mucocutaneous. We present a case series of pediatric African patients with New World cutaneous leishmaniasis (NWCL). Methods Data extraction was performed via chart review, analyzing travel history, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management in children with cutaneous leishmaniasis presenting to the pediatric infectious diseases clinic in Portland, ME. Biopsy specimens were sent to the federal CDC for identification by PCR and culture. Results Five cases of NWCL were diagnosed in pediatric patients in Maine from November 2018 through February 2020. Median age of patients was 10 years (range 1.5-15 years). Four cases (80%) occurred in children from Angola or Democratic Republic of Congo, arriving in Maine via Central/South America, with one case in a child from Rwanda who arrived in Maine via Texas. Three patients had multiple skin lesions and two had isolated facial lesions. Leishmaniasis was not initially suspected resulting in median time to diagnosis of 5 months (range 1-7 months). Four patients were initially treated with antibacterials for cellulitis and one was treated with griseofulvin. After no improvement, patients underwent biopsy with 2 patients diagnosed with L panamensis, 1 with L braziliensis, 1 with mixed infection (L panamensis and L mexicana), and 1 with Leishmania species only. One patient was managed with surgical excision, 3 with ketoconazole, and 1 was observed off therapy. Four patients were referred to otolaryngology. All continue to be followed in infectious disease clinic. Conclusion We present five cases of new world cutaneous leishmaniasis in African pediatric patients arriving to Maine through Latin America or Texas. Patients were diagnosed with cellulitis, tinea corporis or atopic dermatitis initially, underscoring importance of high index of suspicion in migrant patients. Detailed travel history and epidemiologic knowledge is essential to diagnosis, as patients may present with illness not congruent with country of origin. Optimal therapy remains unclear. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
James D. Denham ◽  
Sowmya Nanjappa ◽  
John N. Greene

Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive rod that is now recognized as a rare cause of frank disease in the neutropenic hematologic malignancy patient. Because this pathogen is rarely isolated in clinical specimens, no large studies exist to guide the management of these acutely ill patients. Individual case reports and case series exist in the literature describing various clinical manifestations of B. cereus in the neutropenic patient including bacteremia/septicemia, pneumonia, meningitis/encephalitis, hepatic abscesses, and gastritis. In this report, we describe a case of typhlitis caused by B. cereus in a 74-year-old female with recently diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and we summarize the available English language literature to draw tentative conclusions regarding the clinical manifestations of this organism.


Author(s):  
И.А. Куклин ◽  
Н.П. Малишевская ◽  
М.М. Кохан ◽  
Г.Д. Сафонова ◽  
О.Г. Римар ◽  
...  

В статье представлен краткий обзор литературы о клинических проявлениях, современных методах диагностики и лечения чрезвычайно редкого заболевания – множественной эруптивной кератоакантомы типа Гржебовски. Заболевание характеризуется возникновением сотен или тысяч генерализованных зудящих узелков на коже лица, туловища, конечностей, половых органов, слизистой полости рта и гортани в течение короткого времени. Заболевание развивается в возрасте старше 40 лет, имеет рецидивирующее течение, возможна спонтанная инволюция отдельных элементов с формированием участков депигментации или атрофических рубцов. Авторы приводят случай собственного клинического наблюдения множественной эруптивной кератоакантомы типа Гржебовски у пациента 50 лет, который обратился на консультацию к дерматовенерологу в клинику Уральского НИИ дерматовенерологии и иммунопатологии. Длительность болезни на момент обращения составляла 2,5 года, ее возникновению предшествовало неоднократное посещение больным стран с избыточной инсоляцией, что может рассматриваться в качестве этиологического фактора развития заболевания. Диагноз впервые был заподозрен на консилиуме дерматовенерологов на основании клинической картины заболевания и в дальнейшем верифицирован данными патоморфологического исследования биоптата пораженной кожи. Показана эффективность применения ароматических ретиноидов в лечении множественной эруптивной кератоакантомы типа Гржебовски и приведены побочные эффекты, которые развились у больного при самостоятельном увеличении дозы ацитретина до 70 мг/сутки. В статье констатируется чрезвычайно редкая встречаемость данного заболевания, о чем свидетельствует приведенный клинический случай, диагностируемый впервые более чем за 90-летнюю историю существования института. Подчеркивается важность консолидации клинического опыта нескольких ведущих дерматовенерологов для диагностики множественной эруптивной кератоакантомы типа Гржебовски. The article presents a brief review of the literature about clinical manifestations, modern methods of diagnosticsand treatment of an extremely rare disease – generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas of Grzybowski. The disease is characterized by the appearance of hundreds or thousands of generalized itchy nodules on the skin of the face, trunk, limbs, genitals, oral mucosa and larynx within a short time. The disease develops at the age of over 40, has a recurrent course, spontaneous involution of individual elements with the formation of areas of depigmentation or atrophic scars is possible. The authors describe a case of their own clinical care of generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas of Grzybowski in a 50-year-old patient who consulted a dermatovenerologist at the clinic of the Ural Research Institute of Dermatovenerology and Immunopathology.The duration of the disease at the time of visit to a doctor was 2,5 years, its occurrence was preceded by repeated visits to countries with excessive insolation, which can be considered as an etiological factor in the development of the disease. The diagnosis was first suspected at a boarddermatovenerologists based on the clinical picture of the disease and subsequently verified by the data of a pathomorphological examination of the biopsy of the affected skin.The effectiveness of the use of aromatic retinoids in the treatment of generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas of Grzybowski is shown and the side effects that developed in the patient with an independent increase in the dose of acitretin to 70 mg/day are given. The article states the extremely rare occurrence of this disease, as evidenced by the above clinical case, diagnosed for the first time in more than 90 years of the institute's existence. The importance of consolidating the clinical experience of several leading dermatovenerologists for the diagnostics of generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas of Grzybowski is emphasized.


Author(s):  
Karen L. Cates ◽  
Liz Livingston Howard

This case series describes the startup of Farm to School of Park County, an emerging nonprofit organization in the US state of Montana. Case (A) describes the community, the need, and the origins of Farm to School in Livingston, Montana. The leaders of Farm to School face a budget crisis and need to evaluate four options to decide whether, when, and how it should become an independent organization. As Case (B) begins, Farm to School has decided to enter into a fiscal sponsorship agreement with the local community foundation. The next task for the organization's leaders is recruiting founding board members. They need to decide whom to ask and how to do it. In Case (C), the board develops a strategic plan and establishes committees. However, the board members and leaders start to feel fatigue in the face of the demands of a startup organization, leading to questions about what is truly strategic and how work will get done. The Farm to School organization in Case (D) has just issued its first annual report, filled with meaningful accomplishments. The leaders of the organization begin to plan to build an organization that will outlast them and the founding board members.


1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio L. Rossi ◽  
Emilia E. H. Takahashi ◽  
Cláudia D. Partel ◽  
Lívia G.V.L. Teodoro ◽  
Luiz J. da Silva

Total serum IgE, and Strongyloides - specific IgG and IgA antibodies were studied in 27 patients with parasitologically proven strongyloidiasis. Clinical manifestations in this case series were investigated by a restrospective study of the patient's records. Total serum IgE levels were elevated (greater than 250 IU/ml) in 59% of the patients (mean concentration = 1364 IU/ml). Parasite - specific IgG and IgA antibodies were detected by ELISA in the serum of 23 (85.2%) and 21 (77.8%) patients, respectively. Elevated serum IgE and clinical manifestations were not useful indexes of the presence of strongyloidiasis. On the other hand, our results support the view that serologic tests, particularly ELISA for detecting Strongyloides - specific IgG antibodies, can be usefully exploited for diagnostic purposes in strongyloidiasis.


2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1034-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagi Denenberg ◽  
Maya Bräm Dubé

Practical relevance: When a cat is presented for evaluation of a problem behaviour, it is likely that the cat’s wellbeing is negatively affected by the condition. In addition, the owners and any other animals around the cat may also be experiencing negative consequences. When managing these cases, it is important to consider all options (including behaviour modification, environmental changes, medications) that can help to reach an optimal solution. Medication cannot teach the cat how to behave or change a particular behaviour; it can, however, reduce arousal, excitability, reactivity and anxiety. Rationale: The rationale for using psychoactive medications in behavioural medicine, or veterinary psychiatry, is to increase the wellbeing of the animal and to aid the owner and practitioner in managing problem behaviours. Medications should always be used as an adjunct to behavioural and environmental modification. Clinical challenges: Many psychoactive medications cannot be used in the face of certain physical illnesses or concurrently with other medications. Some medications may also have side effects, not be effective at the recommended dose or have a paradoxical effect. Furthermore, success is reliant on the owner being able to administer the medication. Aims: This article aims to guide practitioners by discussing questions such as how to choose the appropriate medication, how to dose it and how long to use it. The psychoactive medications most commonly used in feline medicine are reviewed, as well as some that are newer or less common. Evidence base: Data for the use of medications in cats is limited, with just a small number of clinical-, species- and problem-directed studies available, and a few more case series and case reports. Where feline-specific research is not available, the authors have drawn upon research published in other species, such as humans, dogs and rats, as well as anecdotal reports and expert opinions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Manoj Chaudhary ◽  
Sudha Agrawal

Introduction: Topical corticosteroids (TC) are useful for treatment of various dermatological conditions in all age groups. Due to its cosmetic application TCs misuse is intertwined with fairness creams in our colour conscious society where people are obsessed with fair colour.   Aims and Objectives: To find the clinical presentations of steroid induced rosacea like-dermatitis on the face and to evaluate the purpose behind misusing TCs on the face.   Materials and methods: Descriptive prospective questionnaire-type case series study was approved by Institutional Ethical Committee of BPKIHS which involved 205 patients diagnosed as Steroid Induced Rosacea who consulted Dermatology OPD between March to June 2017.   Results: Among 205 patients enrolled, majority were from second to fourth decade (87.31%) of their life and maximum being females I.e. 91.2%. Around 97% of the study population were unaware of side effects of TCs. Most patients use Mometasone fuorate (58.04%) for melisma (88.29%). Friends acted as source of prescription (29.75%), followed by Pharmacist (24.88%) & Beauty centers (20%). Dermatologists prescribed TCs in only 6.34% cases. Sun exposure was identified as the triggering factor for steroid induced rosacea in 73.17% patients. Cheek was the commonest site involve in 92.19%, followed by forehead (65.36%), perioral area (46.83%), and chin (9.75%). Mixed type of lesions was the commonest lesion found in 52.20% patients, followed by diffuse facial erythema (36.09%), & telangiectasia (33.17%).   Conclusion: TCs misuse in the younger people for the sake of fairer skin with little or no knowledge about the adverse effects of this medication should be stopped.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Dadashi ◽  
Saeedeh Khaleghnejad ◽  
Parisa Abedi Elkhichi ◽  
Mehdi Goudarzi ◽  
Hossein Goudarzi ◽  
...  

Background and Aim: Co-infection of COVID-19 with other respiratory pathogens which may complicate the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19 emerge new concern. The overlap of COVID-19 and influenza, as two epidemics at the same time can occur in the cold months of the year. The aim of current study was to evaluate the rate of such co-infection as a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on September 28, 2019 for original research articles published in Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases from December 2019 to September 2020 using relevant keywords. Patients of all ages with simultaneous COVID-19 and influenza were included. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14 software.Results: Eleven prevalence studies with total of 3,070 patients with COVID-19, and 79 patients with concurrent COVID-19 and influenza were selected for final evaluation. The prevalence of influenza infection was 0.8% in patients with confirmed COVID-19. The frequency of influenza virus co-infection among patients with COVID-19 was 4.5% in Asia and 0.4% in the America. Four prevalence studies reported the sex of patients, which were 30 men and 31 women. Prevalence of co-infection with influenza in men and women with COVID-19 was 5.3 and 9.1%, respectively. Eight case reports and 7 case series with a total of 123 patients with COVID-19 were selected, 29 of them (16 men, 13 women) with mean age of 48 years had concurrent infection with influenza viruses A/B. Fever, cough, and shortness of breath were the most common clinical manifestations. Two of 29 patients died (6.9%), and 17 out of 29 patients recovered (58.6%). Oseltamivir and hydroxychloroquine were the most widely used drugs used for 41.4, and 31% of patients, respectively.Conclusion: Although a low proportion of COVID-19 patients have influenza co-infection, however, the importance of such co-infection, especially in high-risk individuals and the elderly, cannot be ignored. We were unable to report the exact rate of simultaneous influenza in COVID-19 patients worldwide due to a lack of data from several countries. Obviously, more studies are needed to evaluate the exact effect of the COVID-19 and influenza co-infection in clinical outcomes.


Author(s):  
Ellahe Azizlou ◽  
Mohsen AminSobhani ◽  
Sholeh Ghabraei ◽  
Mehrfam Khoshkhounejad ◽  
Abdollah Ghorbanzadeh ◽  
...  

Extraoral sinus tracts of odontogenic origin often develop as the result of misdiagnosis of persistent dental infections due to trauma, caries, or periodontal disease. Due to these lesions' imitation from cutaneous lesions, misdiagnosis, and mismanagement, which we frequently encounter, this article aims to describe four cases with manifestations in different parts of the face and the neck. Patients were referred to an endodontist with a history of several surgical procedures and/or antibiotic therapy due to misdiagnosis. After comprehensive examinations, root canal treatment was performed. The resolution of signs and symptoms during the follow-up period confirmed the correct diagnosis. Dermatologists and other physicians should be aware of the possibility of the relationship of extraoral sinus tracts with dental infections. Precise examination and taking a comprehensive history can aid to prevent unnecessary and incorrect therapeutic and/or pharmaceutical interventions. Elimination of dental infection leads to complete recovery in such patients.


Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina M. Stepien ◽  
Elżbieta Ciara ◽  
Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek

Fucosidosis is a neurodegenerative disorder which progresses inexorably. Clinical features include coarse facial features, growth retardation, recurrent upper respiratory infections, dysostosis multiplex, and angiokeratoma corporis diffusum. Fucosidosis is caused by mutations in the FUCA1 gene resulting in α-L-fucosidase deficiency. Only 36 pathogenic variants in the FUCA1 gene are related to fucosidosis. Most of them are missense/nonsense substitutions; six missense and 11 nonsense mutations. Among deletions there were eight small and five gross changes. So far, only three splice site variants have been described—one small deletion, one complete deletion and one stop-loss mutation. The disease has a significant clinical variability, the cause of which is not well understood. The genotype–phenotype correlation has not been well defined. This review describes the genetic profile and clinical manifestations of fucosidosis in pediatric and adult cases.


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