scholarly journals Post-migration acquisition of HIV: Estimates from four European countries, 2007 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yin ◽  
Alison E Brown ◽  
Brian D Rice ◽  
Gaetano Marrone ◽  
Anders Sönnerborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
The Uk

Background The assumption that migrants acquire human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before migration, particularly those from high prevalence areas, is common. Aim We assessed the place of HIV acquisition of migrants diagnosed in four European countries using surveillance data. Methods Using CD4+ T-cell count trajectories modelled to account for seroconversion bias, we estimated infection year of newly HIV-diagnosed migrants residing in the United Kingdom (UK), Belgium, Sweden and Italy with a known arrival year and CD4+ T-cell count at diagnosis. Multivariate analyses identified predictors for post-migration acquisition. Results Between 2007 and 2016, migrants constituted 56% of people newly diagnosed with HIV in the UK, 62% in Belgium, 72% in Sweden and 29% in Italy. Of 23,595 migrants included, 60% were born in Africa and 70% acquired HIV heterosexually. An estimated 9,400 migrants (40%; interquartile range (IQR): 34–59) probably acquired HIV post-migration. This proportion was similar by risk group, sex and region of birth. Time since migration was a strong predictor of post-migration HIV acquisition: 91% (IQR: 87–95) among those arriving 10 or more years prior to diagnosis; 30% (IQR: 21–37) among those 1–5 years prior. Younger age at arrival was a predictor: 15–18 years (81%; IQR: 74–86), 19–25 years (53%; IQR: 45–63), 26–35 years (37%; IQR: 30–46) and 36 years and older (25%; IQR: 21–33). Conclusions Migrants, regardless of origin, sex and exposure to HIV are at risk of acquiring HIV post-migration to Europe. Alongside accessible HIV testing, prevention activities must target migrant communities.

İngiltere’den Türkiye’ye ‘Düzensiz’ Göçmen Dövizi Gönderme Davranışının Nedenleri Üzerine Nitel Bir İnceleme

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Fethiye Tilbe
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Money Transfers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Migrant Groups

Bu makale, göçmen dövizi  akımlarında “düzensizlik” olarak ifade ettiğimiz, Türkiye’ye resmi kanallar dışında gönderilen enformel  göçmen dövizlerini, Birleşik Krallık’ta (özellikle Londra’da) yaşayan Türkiye kökenli göçmenler açısından incelemektedir. Her göçmen grubu, gerek ev sahibi ülkedeki düzenleyici çerçeve ve sosyo-ekonomik koşullar, gerek göçmen topluluğunun sosyo-kültürel değerleri tarafından belirlenen biçimde, farklı göçmen dövizi transfer biçimlerine eğilim sergilemektedir. Dolayısıyla farklı ülkelerdeki aynı kökenden göçmen toplulukları, ev sahibi ülkedeki dinamikler nedeniyle göçmen dövizlerinin formel ya da enformel (düzenli ya da düzensiz) gönderiminde farklılaşabilirken, aynı ülkedeki farklı ülke kökenli göçmen grupları da pek çok örüntünün etkisiyle farklı eğilim gösterebilmektedir. Nitel araştırma tasarımı kapsamında 27 göçmen ve 7 anahtar statüdeki katılımcıyla gerçekleştirilen yüz yüze görüşmelere dayalı olan bu çalışma, Birleşik Krallık’tan Türkiye’ye göçmen dövizi gönderimindeki düzensizlik olgusunu, her iki ülkenin sosyal, ekonomik ve kültürel dinamikleriyle ilişkilendirerek incelemeyi ve nedenlerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaç edinmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, göçmenlik statüsü, gönderilen para miktar ve sıklığı ile geleneksel ilişki ağlarına olan güvenin yanında, Birleşik Krallık’taki sosyal yardım ve çalışma biçimine ilişkinin düzenleyici çerçevenin ve göçmenlerin sosyo-ekonomik durumlarının Türkiye’ye enformel göçmen dövizi gönderiminde temel belirleyici olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHA Qualitative Examination of Determinants of Remittances Sending Behaviour Among Immigrants from Turkey in the UKThis article examines the causes of irregularity in remittances flows from the United Kingdom (UK) to Turkey, from the perspective of migrants from Turkey living in the UK. Each group of migrants prefers different types of remittance sending methods, as determined by the regulatory framework and socio-economic conditions in the host country and the socio-cultural values of the migrant community. Therefore, migrant communities of the same origin in different countries may differ in using formal or informal sending methods of remittances due to the dynamics in the host country. Similarly, migrant groups of different nationalities in the same country may show different tendencies due to the influence of many patterns. Similarly, migrant groups of different nationalities in the same country may show different tendencies due to the influence of many patterns. This study aims to examine the phenomenon of irregularities in sending remittances by associating with the social, economic and cultural dynamics of both countries. For this purpose, face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with 27 immigrants and 7 key status participants by using qualitative research method. The obtained results reveal that the regulatory framework relating to social assistance and labour market in the UK, immigration status, the frequency and the amount of money sent and confidence in traditional relationship networks is the main determinants of informal money transfers to Turkey.

Association between Somatic Cell Count progeny tests in the United States of America (USA), The Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK)

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
R A Mrode ◽  
G J T Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Management Control ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
The Uk

Mastitis remains a costly health problem to dairy farmers despite a significant reduction in both clinical and sub-clinical mastitis over the last 25 years. This reduction has been due predominantly to the success of management control programmes. The continuing losses have raised the interest in breeding as a means to reduce mastitis incidence. Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) have been used since 1977 as an indirect means of monitoring mastitis within dairy herds. Since 1991 an optional individual cell count service has been offered by Milk Recording Organisations in the UK. The result is that 0.80 of recorded cows have SCC records. The Animal Data Centre has analysed the SCC data to establish genetic parameters and produced preliminary evaluations on bulls and cows (Mrode et al, 1996). As a forerunner to launching SCC evaluations it is important to determine whether SCC evaluations in the UK agree with similar evaluations overseas.

Abstract 513: Lower Nadir Cd4 T-cell Count is a Strong Predictor of Endothelial Dysfunction in HIV Infected Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Mogadam ◽  
Kevin King ◽  
Kimberly Shriner ◽  
Karen Chu ◽  
Anders Sondergaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

scholarly journals An Analysis of Forest Management Non-Conformities to FSC Standards in Different European Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aureliu Florin HALALISAN ◽  
Florin IORAS ◽  
Henn KORJUS ◽  
Mersudin AVDIBEGOVIC ◽  
Bruno MARIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
The Uk

The purpose of this study was to assess the most frequent non-conformities identified in different European countries in the processes of forest management certification according to FSC standards. A total of 31 active certificates from five countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia, Romania, Slovenia and the United Kingdom) were analysed, including all active certificates (as of 1st of June 2014) from three countries along with a sample of 13 FSC certificates issued in the UK and one certificate covering 95% of the certified forest area in Slovenia. 253 non-conformities in relation to FSC standard requirements were identified as formulated by the audit teams and the most frequently identified non-conformities in the certification process were those related to Principle 6 - Environmental impact (34%), Principle 4 - Community relations and worker’s rights (17%) and Principle 8 - Monitoring and Assessment (13%). A slight positive correlation was noticed between the FSC certified area and the total number of non-conformities, with a closer link in the case of Principle 9 - Maintenance of high conservation value forests, and Principle 4. The non-conformities related to Principles 4, 6 and 9 appeared to be significantly influenced in occurrence by country development; less often in the UK compared with the other four countries.

scholarly journals Decreased Peripheral Naïve T Cell Number and Its Role in Predicting Cardiovascular and Infection Events in Hemodialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Xiang ◽  
Xuesen Cao ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqiang Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Naïve T Cell ◽  
T Cell Senescence ◽  
Naive T Cell

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at high risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and infectious diseases, which have been found to be associated with a disturbed immune response. Accelerated T-cell senescence is prevalent in these patients and considered a significant factor contributing to increased risk of various morbidities. Nevertheless, few studies have explicated the relevance of T-cell senescence to these fatal morbidities in ESRD patients. In this study, we designed a longitudinal prospective study to evaluate the influence of T-cell senescence on cardiovascular events (CVEs) and infections in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Clinical outcomes of 404 patients who had been on HD treatment for at least 6 months were evaluated with respect to T-cell senescence determined using flow cytometry. We found that T-cell senescence was associated with systemic inflammation. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was positively associated with decreased naïve T cell levels. Elevated tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6 levels were significantly associated with lower central memory T cell and higher T effector memory CD45RA cell levels. Decreased CD4+ naïve T cell count was independently associated with CVEs, whereas decreased CD8+ naïve T cell count was independently associated with infection episodes in HD patients. In conclusion, HD patients exhibited accelerated T-cell senescence, which was positively related to inflammation. A reduction of naïve T cell could be a strong predictor of CVEs and infection episodes in HD patients.

scholarly journals Trends of International Energy Security Risk Index in European Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Chernyak ◽  
Ganna Kharlamova ◽  
Andriy Stavytskyy
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The paper deals with the analysis and forecasting of energy security risk index for eleven European countries (the United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Italy, Norway, the Netherlands, and Ukraine for the period 1992-2016). Nowadays, energy security plays an important role in guaranteeing the national, political and economic security of the country. A literature review of different approaches to defining energy security gave the possibility to consider the regression model of energy security risk index assessment, which takes into account the levels of economic, technical and technological, ecological, social and resource components. This step was proceeded with clusterization of the analysed countries in three groups according to Energy Security Risk Index. Based on this approach resource-mining countries (Denmark, Germany, Norway and the UK) were grouped in Cluster I, while Ukraine occupied the last Cluster III. The next division in five clusters supported the indicated allocation. Finally, we calculated the forecasts of energy security risk index based on data of 1992-2014. It allowed realizing the perspectives of energy market for the nearest future, particularly for Ukraine, which needs development of a new strategy of energy security

scholarly journals Trends in the use of oral anticoagulants, antiplatelets and statins in four European countries: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. García Rodríguez ◽  
Lucía Cea Soriano ◽  
Francisco J. de Abajo ◽  
Francesca Valent ◽  
Jesper Hallas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Population Based ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
Prevalence Proportion ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Statin Use

Abstract Purpose To evaluate time trends in the prevalence of antithrombotic and statin use in four European countries. Methods Using population-based data from the United Kingdom, Denmark, Spain and Italy between 2010 and 2018, we calculated standardized annual prevalence proportions of antithrombotics and statin use, and changes in prevalence proportions (2018 vs. 2010). Results Prevalence proportion of statins increased from 24.8% to 24.6% (UK), 21.0% to 22.3% (Region of Southern Denmark [RSD]), 12.9% to 14.3% (Udine, Italy), and 20.3% to 23.2% (Spain). Prevalence proportions of antithrombotics declined in all four countries: 18.7% to 15.9% (UK; − 2.8% points), 18.9% to 18.1% (RSD; − 0.8% points), 17.7% to 16.6% (Udine; − 1.1% points) and 15.0% to 13.6% (Spain; − 1.4% points). These declines were driven by reductions in low-dose aspirin use: 15.3% to 8.9% (UK; − 6.4% points), 16.3% to 9.5% (RSD; − 6.8% points), 13.5% to 11.6% (Udine; − 1.9% points), and 10.2% to 8.8% (Spain; − 1.4% points). In the UK, low-dose aspirin use declined from 9.1% to 4.3% (− 4.8% points) for primary CVD prevention, and from 49.6% to 36.9% (− 12.7% points) for secondary prevention. Oral anticoagulant use gradually increased but did not fully account for the decrease in low-dose aspirin use. Conclusions Antithrombotic use in the UK, RSD, Udine and Spain declined between 2010 and 2018, driven by a reduction in use of low-dose aspirin that is not completely explained by a gradual increase in OAC use. Use of statins remained constant in the UK, and increased gradually in the RSD, Udine and Spain.

scholarly journals Disaster, uncertainty, opportunity or risk? Key messages from the television coverage of the IPCC’s 2013/2014 reports

2016 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
James Painter
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Four Frames ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Television Coverage

This article examines the television coverage of the three 2013 and 2014 reports by the Working Groups of the IPCC in five European countries: Germany, Norway, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom. The presence, salience and dominance of four frames (disaster, uncertainty, explicit risk and opportunity) were examined in each of the bulletins monitored. The «disaster» frame was the strongest of all the frames, measured by all three metrics. «Opportunity» was the next most present, followed by «uncertainty». Although the IPCC put considerable emphasis on a risk management approach to tackling climate change in its communication of the WG2 report, the «explicit risk» frame was hardly present. The UK stood out for including some coverage of sceptical viewpoints.

scholarly journals High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in repatriation flights to Greece from three European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Lytras ◽  
George Dellis ◽  
Anastasia Flountzi ◽  
Sophia Hatzianastasiou ◽  
Georgia Nikolopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
European Countries ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All

Passengers on repatriation flights to Greece from the UK, Spain and Turkey were screened with oropharyngeal swabs on arrival for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Despite almost all passengers being asymptomatic, many tested positive (3.6% from the UK, 6.3% from Spain and 6.3% from Turkey), indicating widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in these countries.

P4759Factors associated with inappropriate under-dosing of non-vitamin k antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) by labelling criterion in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L A Garcia Rodriguez ◽  
P Vora ◽  
G Brobert ◽  
Y Lenz ◽  
A Ruigomez
Keyword(s):  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Current labelling for NOACs considers dose adjustments based on renal function and for some also patients' age, weight, comorbidities, and concomitant treatments. There is limited data on factors associated with inappropriately underdosing of NOACs according to the label in routine care. Purpose To assess factors associated with inappropriate underdosing among patients initiating treatment with NOACs for NVAF in the United Kingdom (UK) general practice by applying respective EU labelling criterion. Methods This retrospective cohort study utilized data from The Health Improvement Network and Clinical Practice Research Datalink in the UK. New users of NOACs aged ≥18 years with ≥1-year enrolment in the databases from Jan 2011 - Dec 2016 were included. Three mutually exclusive cohorts of new users of apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban with NVAF were identified with the date of prescription being the index date. Patients with any recent record (within 3 months) of other indications (DVT, PE or hip/knee surgery) were excluded. Appropriate and inappropriate underdosing were defined based on the criterion in the EU label of individual NOACs. Results There were 30,467 new users of NOACs with NVAF during the study period. Of these, 23,444 new users of NOACs received an appropriate dose based on label recommendations. They were 4,953 new users who were inappropriately under-dosed (29.4% in apixaban, 8.7% in dabigatran and 9.1% in rivaroxaban. Older age (70+) was a strong predictor of inappropriate underdosing among apixaban (odds ratio (OR) 7.3; 95% CI: 5.6–9.6) and rivaroxaban (OR 2.8; 95% CI: 2.1–5.4) but not for dabigatran users (OR 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3–0.6). Female apixaban and rivaroxaban users were at greater risk of inappropriate underdosing. For all three NOACs, inappropriate underdosing was less frequent in recent years. Inappropriate underdosing was more frequent among new users with antecedents of intracranial bleed. Inappropriate underdosing was more frequent in apixaban users with a history of ischaemic stroke and rivaroxaban users with history of Ischaemic heart disease. There was no inappropriate underdosing among all new users of NOACs with eGFR under 30. 25.5% of apixaban users and less than 0.5% of rivaroxaban new users with eGFR between 30 and 50 were inappropriately under-dosed. Frailty was a predictor of inappropriate underdosing among apixaban and rivaroxaban new users and the risk increased with greater level of frailty. CHA2DS2VASc score of ≥4 in apixaban users and increasing HAS-BLED scores in apixaban and dabigatran users were significantly associated with inappropriate underdosing but not in rivaroxaban. Conclusions Apixaban had the highest proportion of patients who were inappropriately under-dosed compared to other NOACs. Different factors associated with inappropriate dosing from this study would inform about the factors that are taken into consideration before prescribing different doses of NOACs. Acknowledgement/Funding The study is funded by Bayer AG

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