scholarly journals Trends of International Energy Security Risk Index in European Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Chernyak ◽  
Ganna Kharlamova ◽  
Andriy Stavytskyy
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The paper deals with the analysis and forecasting of energy security risk index for eleven European countries (the United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Italy, Norway, the Netherlands, and Ukraine for the period 1992-2016). Nowadays, energy security plays an important role in guaranteeing the national, political and economic security of the country. A literature review of different approaches to defining energy security gave the possibility to consider the regression model of energy security risk index assessment, which takes into account the levels of economic, technical and technological, ecological, social and resource components. This step was proceeded with clusterization of the analysed countries in three groups according to Energy Security Risk Index. Based on this approach resource-mining countries (Denmark, Germany, Norway and the UK) were grouped in Cluster I, while Ukraine occupied the last Cluster III. The next division in five clusters supported the indicated allocation. Finally, we calculated the forecasts of energy security risk index based on data of 1992-2014. It allowed realizing the perspectives of energy market for the nearest future, particularly for Ukraine, which needs development of a new strategy of energy security

scholarly journals The International Energy Security Risk Index in Sustainable Energy and Economy Transition Decision Making—A Reliability Analysis

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3691
Author(s):  
Iztok Podbregar ◽  
Goran Šimić ◽  
Mirjana Radovanović ◽  
Sanja Filipović ◽  
Damjan Maletič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Methodological Errors ◽  
Individual Variables ◽  
Weighting Coefficients ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
High Degree

The world economy and society are in a complex process of transition characterized by a high degree of uncertainty. Therefore, further development and management of the transition will largely depend on the quality of the decisions made and, accordingly, on the decision-making process itself. The main goal of this study is to analyze the reliability of International Energy Security Risk Index as a tool to support the process of energy and economy transition decision making, as closely related and highly interdependent phenomena. The index is composed of 29 aggregated variables (grouped into eight categories), and the research is conducted on a research sample of 25 countries over a period of 36 years. The reliability assessment is performed by using Multiple Regression Analysis. Multicollinearity test, plus Multicollinearity test with Variance Inflation Factors, is used for methodological verification. The test results indicate a high degree of unreliability of the Index, as is concluded based on the observed errors in its methodological settings. These errors primarily relate to a high degree of multicollinearity in all 29 variables, whereby independent variables lose their independence and thus jeopardize reliability of the total Index. Out of the eight groups of variables, the fuel imports group is the only one that does not show big methodological errors. The paper presents a recommendation for the improvement of the observed Index (review of the role of individual variables found to be particularly methodologically indicative), as well as a recommendation for different distribution of weighting coefficients.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Forest Management Non-Conformities to FSC Standards in Different European Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aureliu Florin HALALISAN ◽  
Florin IORAS ◽  
Henn KORJUS ◽  
Mersudin AVDIBEGOVIC ◽  
Bruno MARIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
The Uk

The purpose of this study was to assess the most frequent non-conformities identified in different European countries in the processes of forest management certification according to FSC standards. A total of 31 active certificates from five countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia, Romania, Slovenia and the United Kingdom) were analysed, including all active certificates (as of 1st of June 2014) from three countries along with a sample of 13 FSC certificates issued in the UK and one certificate covering 95% of the certified forest area in Slovenia. 253 non-conformities in relation to FSC standard requirements were identified as formulated by the audit teams and the most frequently identified non-conformities in the certification process were those related to Principle 6 - Environmental impact (34%), Principle 4 - Community relations and worker’s rights (17%) and Principle 8 - Monitoring and Assessment (13%). A slight positive correlation was noticed between the FSC certified area and the total number of non-conformities, with a closer link in the case of Principle 9 - Maintenance of high conservation value forests, and Principle 4. The non-conformities related to Principles 4, 6 and 9 appeared to be significantly influenced in occurrence by country development; less often in the UK compared with the other four countries.

scholarly journals Trends in the use of oral anticoagulants, antiplatelets and statins in four European countries: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. García Rodríguez ◽  
Lucía Cea Soriano ◽  
Francisco J. de Abajo ◽  
Francesca Valent ◽  
Jesper Hallas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Population Based ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
Prevalence Proportion ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Statin Use

Abstract Purpose To evaluate time trends in the prevalence of antithrombotic and statin use in four European countries. Methods Using population-based data from the United Kingdom, Denmark, Spain and Italy between 2010 and 2018, we calculated standardized annual prevalence proportions of antithrombotics and statin use, and changes in prevalence proportions (2018 vs. 2010). Results Prevalence proportion of statins increased from 24.8% to 24.6% (UK), 21.0% to 22.3% (Region of Southern Denmark [RSD]), 12.9% to 14.3% (Udine, Italy), and 20.3% to 23.2% (Spain). Prevalence proportions of antithrombotics declined in all four countries: 18.7% to 15.9% (UK; − 2.8% points), 18.9% to 18.1% (RSD; − 0.8% points), 17.7% to 16.6% (Udine; − 1.1% points) and 15.0% to 13.6% (Spain; − 1.4% points). These declines were driven by reductions in low-dose aspirin use: 15.3% to 8.9% (UK; − 6.4% points), 16.3% to 9.5% (RSD; − 6.8% points), 13.5% to 11.6% (Udine; − 1.9% points), and 10.2% to 8.8% (Spain; − 1.4% points). In the UK, low-dose aspirin use declined from 9.1% to 4.3% (− 4.8% points) for primary CVD prevention, and from 49.6% to 36.9% (− 12.7% points) for secondary prevention. Oral anticoagulant use gradually increased but did not fully account for the decrease in low-dose aspirin use. Conclusions Antithrombotic use in the UK, RSD, Udine and Spain declined between 2010 and 2018, driven by a reduction in use of low-dose aspirin that is not completely explained by a gradual increase in OAC use. Use of statins remained constant in the UK, and increased gradually in the RSD, Udine and Spain.

scholarly journals Disaster, uncertainty, opportunity or risk? Key messages from the television coverage of the IPCC’s 2013/2014 reports

2016 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
James Painter
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Four Frames ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Television Coverage

This article examines the television coverage of the three 2013 and 2014 reports by the Working Groups of the IPCC in five European countries: Germany, Norway, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom. The presence, salience and dominance of four frames (disaster, uncertainty, explicit risk and opportunity) were examined in each of the bulletins monitored. The «disaster» frame was the strongest of all the frames, measured by all three metrics. «Opportunity» was the next most present, followed by «uncertainty». Although the IPCC put considerable emphasis on a risk management approach to tackling climate change in its communication of the WG2 report, the «explicit risk» frame was hardly present. The UK stood out for including some coverage of sceptical viewpoints.

scholarly journals Academic Career Development in Indonesia and the United Kingdom: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Maya Kurniawati ◽  
Choirul Saleh ◽  
M.R. Khairul Muluk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

Lecturers are an essential element of a higher education institution. The lecturer has two functions in Indonesia, namely an educator and a researcher who has the job in developing and deploying science, technology, and art to the community through the Three Pillars of Higher Education activities: education, research, and community services. This study aims to investigate and answer the three research questions, which involve how the academic career development system for lecturers, how the academic career development patterns for lecturers, and the factors which affect the academic career in Indonesia and the United Kingdom (UK). We chose the UK since it is one of the countries with the most robust higher education system globally. This research was required to capture the gap in academic career development for lecturers in Indonesia and the UK. There are 23 journal articles and other literature included and found using systematic literature review and PRISMA protocol. These journal articles and other literature analyzed by meta-synthesis and could describe the comparative perspectives between an academic career in Indonesia and the UK. These review results can be an excellent comparison for improving higher education systems, specifically in the academic career development for Indonesian lecturers. A significant improvement will encourage universities in Indonesia to embrace the vision as a world-class university.

scholarly journals Post-migration acquisition of HIV: Estimates from four European countries, 2007 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yin ◽  
Alison E Brown ◽  
Brian D Rice ◽  
Gaetano Marrone ◽  
Anders Sönnerborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
The Uk

Background The assumption that migrants acquire human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before migration, particularly those from high prevalence areas, is common. Aim We assessed the place of HIV acquisition of migrants diagnosed in four European countries using surveillance data. Methods Using CD4+ T-cell count trajectories modelled to account for seroconversion bias, we estimated infection year of newly HIV-diagnosed migrants residing in the United Kingdom (UK), Belgium, Sweden and Italy with a known arrival year and CD4+ T-cell count at diagnosis. Multivariate analyses identified predictors for post-migration acquisition. Results Between 2007 and 2016, migrants constituted 56% of people newly diagnosed with HIV in the UK, 62% in Belgium, 72% in Sweden and 29% in Italy. Of 23,595 migrants included, 60% were born in Africa and 70% acquired HIV heterosexually. An estimated 9,400 migrants (40%; interquartile range (IQR): 34–59) probably acquired HIV post-migration. This proportion was similar by risk group, sex and region of birth. Time since migration was a strong predictor of post-migration HIV acquisition: 91% (IQR: 87–95) among those arriving 10 or more years prior to diagnosis; 30% (IQR: 21–37) among those 1–5 years prior. Younger age at arrival was a predictor: 15–18 years (81%; IQR: 74–86), 19–25 years (53%; IQR: 45–63), 26–35 years (37%; IQR: 30–46) and 36 years and older (25%; IQR: 21–33). Conclusions Migrants, regardless of origin, sex and exposure to HIV are at risk of acquiring HIV post-migration to Europe. Alongside accessible HIV testing, prevention activities must target migrant communities.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Territorial Patterns in COVID-19 Mortality in France, Spain, Italy and the UK

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Zavatta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Territorial Disparities ◽  
The Uk

This paper provides an overview of territorial patterns of COVID-19 deaths in four European countries severely affected by the pandemic, Spain, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom. The analysis focuses on cumulated COVID-19 mortality at the sub-regional level, following the territorial subdivision of countries adopted by the European Union. The paper builds upon a dataset with highly granular information on COVID-19 deaths assembled from various sources. The analysis shows remarkable differences in territorial patterns of COVID-19 mortality, both within and across the four countries reviewed. Results somewhat differ depending on the aspect considered (concentration of deaths or mortality rates) but, in general, Italy, France and Spain display significant territorial disparities, with selected sub-regions being disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Instead, the picture is more uniform in the UK, with comparatively lower differences across the various sub-regions. These findings suggest that analyses of COVID-19 mortality at the national level (and, sometimes, even at the regional level) may conceal major differences and therefore be of limited use, both analytically and from an operational viewpoint.

scholarly journals PMMB COVID-19 Bulletin: United Kingdom (22nd April 2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loh Teng-Hern Tan ◽  
Vengadesh Letchumanan ◽  
Hooi-Leng Ser ◽  
Jodi Woan-Fei Law ◽  
Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Health Threat ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Threat ◽  
The Uk

COVID-19 has greatly impacted the world and posed an enormous public health threat. The United Kingdom is hit harder by the COVID-19 crisis than any other European countries, besides Italy, Spain and France. The UK government has come under heavy criticism for its response to COVID-19, with lack of preparedness, shortages of personal protective equipment and COVID-19 testing. Despite the lockdown is in place to slow the spread of COVID-19, UK death toll continues to surge. As of 21st April 2020, more than 120,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 16,000 deaths had been recorded in UK.

Halal certification organizations in the United Kingdom

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Amani Annabi ◽  
Olufunbi Olajumoke Ibidapo-Obe
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Certification Organizations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The aim of this paper is to investigate the role that halal certification organisations (HCOs) play in the UK in assuring quality in halal cosmetics. Design/methodology/approach The study evaluates whether halal certification assures the quality of halal cosmetic products. This research evaluated the quality assurance systems of major UK HCOs, using a hypothetical product as a test vehicle. The investigation considered whether these organisations differ in their definition of “halal” and “halal cosmetics” and also considered how effectively their certification signals quality assurance. Findings The study indicated that there is a failure to adopt holistic halal terminology which implies that within the UK halal cosmetics industry, manufacturers may not be working within agreed standards for halal product integrity. Research limitations/implications This study focussed on UK certification for halal cosmetics by three HCOs and disregarded other forms of halal businesses. The literature review is based solely on literature available in the English language. The study lacks generalisability, as only one hypothetical product was tested; therefore, it was not possible to reach an understanding of all the costs involved in UK HCO certification. Practical implications This study undertook a comprehensive literature review on halal certification to produce a comparison of halal sanctioning laws, certification processes and the level of supply chain verification by UK HCOs. Originality/value This study adds value to the knowledge on UK halal certification.

Influence of heavy slaughter weights on growth and carcass characteristics of pigs

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
M. Ellis ◽  
P.J. Avery
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
North America ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Costs Of Production ◽  
The Uk

Slaughter weights for pigs in the United Kingdom have traditionally been much lower than those in most other European countries and in North America. For example, in 1988 average carcass weights in the UK were around 64 kg compared to 72 kg in Denmark, 80 kg in Holland and over 105 kg in Italy. Currently, there is considerable interest within the BritisTi pig industry in heavier slaughter weights for pigs to exploit potential advantages in reducing fixed costs of production per unit of output. A research programme is currently being undertaken at this centre to investigate the potential for increasing slaughter weight and results from the first two studies undertaken are reported here.

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