scholarly journals A quarterly update on food- and waterborne diseases in Europe - summary of data for the third quarter of 2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 7-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Denny ◽  
G Hernández Pezzi ◽  
J Threlfall ◽  
T Westrell ◽  
I Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

This paper highlights findings from the first quarterly report on food- and waterborne diseases produced by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). In the past such reports had been generated by Enter-net, a Europe-based international surveillance network for the enteric infections. The quarterly reports are an important surveillance tool for the network participants and other public health professionals to use in order to identify emerging trends and changes taking place in a shorter interval than one year.

scholarly journals Interferometer Sensing and Control for the Advanced Virgo Experiment in the O3 Scientific Run

Galaxies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Annalisa Allocca ◽  
Diego Bersanetti ◽  
Julia Casanueva Diaz ◽  
Camilla De Rossi ◽  
Maddalena Mantovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Laser Interferometer ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Binary Neutron Star ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Binary Black Hole ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

Advanced Virgo is a 2nd-generation laser interferometer based in Cascina (Italy) aimed at the detection of gravitational waves (GW) from astrophysical sources. Together with the two USA-based LIGO interferometers they constitute a network which operates in coincidence. The three detectors observed the sky simultaneously during the last part of the second Observing Run (O2) in August 2017, and this led to two paramount discoveries: the first three-detector observation of gravitational waves emitted from the coalescence of a binary black hole system (GW170814), and the first detection ever of gravitational waves emitted from the coalescence of a binary neutron star system (GW170817). Coincident data taking was re-started for the third Observing Run (O3), which started on 1st April 2019 and lasted almost one year. This paper will describe the new techniques implemented for the longitudinal controls with respect to the ones already in use during O2. Then, it will present an extensive description of the full scheme of the angular controls of the interferometer, focusing on the different control strategies that are in place in the different stages of the lock acquisition procedure, which is the complex sequence of operations by which an uncontrolled, “free” laser interferometer is brought to the final working point, which allows the detector to reach the best sensitivity.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Awareness, and Control of Hypertension in Greater Beirut Area, Lebanon

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Noubani ◽  
Lara Nasreddine ◽  
Abla Mehio Sibai ◽  
Hani Tamim ◽  
Hussain Isma’eel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Optimal Blood Pressure ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control

Background. Hypertension (HTN) has been identified as the leading risk factor for mortality and the third cause of disability worldwide. Lebanon has witnessed a threefold increase in the prevalence of HTN in the past decade. The timely exploration and detection of the factors contributing to a higher prevalence of the disease among the Lebanese population is fundamental. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence, awareness, and control rates of HTN in Greater Beirut Area in Lebanon and to identify their respective predictors. Methods. A representative sample of 501 participants aged 18-79 years residing in Greater Beirut Area was examined. Data collection form was filled up, through interviews, physical exams, and lab tests. The analysis was done for three defined outcomes: blood pressure status (normotensive, prehypertension, and hypertension), unaware HTN, and uncontrolled HTN. These were compared for the various associated predictors. Results. The sample consisted of 64.3% women and mean age 45.4 ± 15 years and the subjects were predominantly from low educational income levels. The results showed that 36.4% of the study participants were hypertensive, 25.3% were prehypertensive, and 38.2% had optimal blood pressure, while the awareness rate was 65.4% and control rate was 61%. The independent predictors of HTN were age, gender, marital status, T2D, body fat, triglyceride (positive correlates), and income level (negative correlate). Moreover, unawareness of HTN was common among older age, men, single participants, and the obese. We could not identify any factor related to uncontrolled HTN. Conclusion. The trend in the prevalence of HTN in Greater Beirut Area is found to be consistent and relatively high, yet there was an observed improvement in the awareness and control of the disease. Public health measures on a national level are urgently needed to curb the increasing prevalence of HTN, achieve primary prevention, and better control the disease.

EDF Ageing Management: Status and Ongoing Developments

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Faidy
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Management Program ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Procedure ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Ageing Management ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plant Components

During the past 15 years many works have been done on Ageing Management Program (AMP) of Safety classed components in EDF. The paper will describe all the different aspects concerning these programs, and in particular the EDF step by step procedure and the major results. To-day, EDF is starting the 3rd ten-year shutdown of all these 3-loop plants (34 plants). During the associated Safety Review, a specific task is devoted to ageing effects and control of all the safety concerned components. A large list of components has been reviewed: mechanical, civil engineering, instrumentation and control, cables, non metallic components. Few non safety but important in term of availability components are considered, like turbine or some balance of plant components. A general review of results and difficulties for 40 and 60 years are presented in the paper. The second part is devoted to a short review of our procedure with IAEA guidelines. The third part will shortly describe the associated R&D program for metallic components and knowledge management associated to AMP. The major conclusions are clearly supporting the needs of international basic procedure and harmonization on the major topics.

Public health professionals’ perceptions of the capacity of China’s CDCs to address emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Xiaoliang Tong ◽  
Alana Hansen ◽  
Scott Hanson-Easey ◽  
Jianjun Xiang ◽  
Scott Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundChina’s capacity to control and prevent emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases is critical to the nation’s population health. This study aimed to explore the capacity of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) in China to deal with infectious diseases now and in the future.MethodsA survey was conducted in 2015 among 973 public health professionals at CDCs in Beijing and four provinces, to assess their capacity to deal with emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.ResultsAlthough most professionals were confident with the current capacity of CDCs to cope with outbreaks, nearly all indicated more funding was required to meet future challenges. Responses indicated that Yunnan Province faced more challenges than Anhui, Henan and Liaoning Provinces in being completely prepared and able to deal with outbreaks. Participants aged 20–39 years were more likely than those aged 40 and over to believe strategies such as interdisciplinary and international collaborations for disease surveillance and control, would assist capacity building.ConclusionThe capacity of China’s CDCs to deal with infectious diseases was excellent. However, findings suggest it is imperative to increase the number of skilled CDC staff, financial support, and strengthen county level staff training and health education programs.

scholarly journals The moral economy of the pharmaceutical industry: Legitimising prices

2019 ◽  
pp. 136345931987947
Author(s):  
Joan Busfield
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
Moral Context ◽  
Us Government

The practices of pharmaceutical companies have been widely criticised by researchers and investigative journalists, yet their conduct has mostly escaped significant moral opprobrium from the wider public, health professionals and governments. This article examines one reason for this by exploring the techniques companies use when seeking to justify and legitimise their conduct – legitimising techniques that help to render their failures to adhere to accepted standards less visible. It explores these techniques by examining four cases involving pricing where the companies’ conduct has, nonetheless, been questioned. It is divided into three parts. The first looks at various publicly-stated standards that provide the moral context for the industry’s activities. The second examines four cases, each involving pricing, where companies’ prices have been challenged as morally unacceptable, each leading to a US Government investigation. These provide a means of exploring how companies seek to justify their actions in order to maintain the appearance of conformity to accepted moral standards. The third considers some reasons why the industry’s efforts at legitimation have considerable force. The analysis shows not only the character of the claims made by pharmaceutical companies in defence of their practices – claims about the health benefits of the medicine, access to it, and research and development costs, which are all often exaggerated. It also shows why the companies’ legitimising tactics are typically effective.

scholarly journals Development of a checklist for people communicating evidence-based information about the effects of healthcare interventions: a mixed methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e036348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D Oxman ◽  
Claire Glenton ◽  
Signe Flottorp ◽  
Simon Lewin ◽  
Sarah Rosenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Consensus Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
Healthcare Interventions

ObjectivesTo make informed decisions about healthcare, patients and the public, health professionals and policymakers need information about the effects of interventions. People need information that is based on the best available evidence; that is presented in a complete and unbiased way; and that is relevant, trustworthy and easy to use and to understand. The aim of this paper is to provide guidance and a checklist to those producing and communicating evidence-based information about the effects of interventions intended to inform decisions about healthcare.DesignTo inform the development of this checklist, we identified research relevant to communicating evidence-based information about the effects of interventions. We used an iterative, informal consensus process to synthesise our recommendations. We began by discussing and agreeing on some initial recommendations, based on our own experience and research over the past 20–30 years. Subsequent revisions were informed by the literature we examined and feedback. We also compared our recommendations to those made by others. We sought structured feedback from people with relevant expertise, including people who prepare and use information about the effects of interventions for the public, health professionals or policymakers.ResultsWe produced a checklist with 10 recommendations. Three recommendations focus on making it easy to quickly determine the relevance of the information and find the key messages. Five recommendations are about helping the reader understand the size of effects and how sure we are about those estimates. Two recommendations are about helping the reader put information about intervention effects in context and understand if and why the information is trustworthy.ConclusionsThese 10 recommendations summarise lessons we have learnt developing and evaluating ways of helping people to make well-informed decisions by making research evidence more understandable and useful for them. We welcome feedback for how to improve our advice.

From Smallpox to SARS: Is the Past Prologue?

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (S4) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Hamre ◽  
James G. Young ◽  
Mark Shurtleff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
American Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Health Professionals

I am really quite honored to have a chance to be here. Also let me say how much I appreciate what all of you public health professionals do. One of the unfortunate dimensions of modern American life is that we have chosen to privatize all aspects of life. People do not live on their front porches anymore and watch their neighbors in the evening. They go out back in their wall-enclosed backyards. And we have done the same with medicine.Medicine has been privatized in America. We have lost a sense of the public obligations of health and hygiene and sanitation. So I thank you for keeping the flame alive on what we clearly now know is the far bigger issue of health care in modern society.

scholarly journals Outbreak, intensity of infestation and control of two new Eriophyids, Aceria oleae and Ahevtchenkella barensis, on olive nursery plants in Montenegro

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
Snjezana Hrncic ◽  
Tatjana Perovic ◽  
Sanja Radonjic ◽  
Radmila Petanovic ◽  
Biljana Vidovic
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Eriophyoid Mites ◽  
Mite Control ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Town ◽  
A New Species

Only two species of eriophyoid mites, Ditrimacus athiasella Keifer and Oxycenus maxwelli (Keifer), have been registered in Montenegro until recently. Late in April 2007, chlorotic spots and deformations were found on apical leaves of one-year old seedlings of the zutica variety in a greenhouse in the town of Bar. Two species of eriophyoid mites were identified from the collected material, Aceria oleae, a widely distributed species in Mediterranean countries, and Shevtchenkela barensis, described as a new species in the world acarofauna. The intensity of infestation was calculated from all visually examined seedlings (2,560), as well as the percentage of seedlings with observed symptoms. Applying the method of periodic sampling, 50 seedlings (2 % of the total number) were chosen. The intensity of injury was estimated on the new growth. Of the total number of examined seedlings, obvious symptoms were detected on 61.45% of the plants. Of the 50 chosen seedlings, 56 % had all of their young leaflets injuried. Mite control was applied three times. After the third treatment, new leaves without symptoms emerged, while untreated seedlings stopped to grow, their injuried leaves fell off and the seedlings ultimately dried out completely.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on the impact of the prevention and control response of the COVID-19 pandemic on minor’s orthopedic trauma in Shanghai

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Qian ◽  
Yiming Zheng ◽  
Junrong Meng ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Dahui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Radial Head ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Orthopedic Trauma ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Control Response ◽  
Open Injuries ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Chinese government has taken strong prevention and control measures against the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the pandemic is far from over, it has been effectively controlled in China. The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to study the influence of governmental prevention and control response on orthopedic trauma in minors. Methods We collected and reviewed data and information on minor’s orthopedic trauma from 1 January to 30 June of the past three year (2018, 2019 and 2020). The data were divided according to the time of prevention and control response level in 2020 (the first level response is from January 24 to March 22, the second level response is from March 23 to May 7, and the third level response is May 8 to now). By comparing the relevant data from orthopedic emergency and operating rooms from the past three years, the influence of governmental pandemic prevention measures on orthopedic trauma in minors was analyzed. Results A total of 36,301 minors were included in the study cohort. Before the prevention and control response, the data of the orthopedic emergency department of National Children Medical Center (Shanghai) in 2020 was the same as the previous two years. The condition of children undergoing surgery at the time of injury is significantly different under different levels of prevention and control response. Under the first-level response, the number of fractures, open injuries, radial head subluxation, and surgery were significantly reduced, and the severity of patients with surgery was also significantly reduced. Under the second-level response, the number of operations began to increase, and the severity of the disease also began to rise. Under the third-level response control, the number of fractures, open injuries, and operations have returned to the levels of the previous two years. The severity of the operation has also returned to its previous level. The number of subluxations of the radial head is still different from before. Conclusion The prevention and control response for the pandemic of COVID-19 can reduce the incidence of orthopedic trauma in minors by strengthening the guardian’s care and restricting children’s outdoor activities. With the control of the pandemic, the amount of orthopedic trauma in minors will not be affected by low-level prevention and control.

A toast to our health: our journey toward safe water

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Rose ◽  
Y. Masago
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
The Past ◽  
Molecular Microbiology ◽  
Pathogen Discovery ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
And Control

Human beings have been struggling against epidemics for centuries but the first recorded epidemic in Egypt goes back to 3180 BC. Historically, it was not recognized that many of these “plagues” were waterborne. Advancements in medicine and microbiological sciences which identified and isolated the pathogens were needed before “safer” water could be achieved through advances in engineering. Disinfection of drinking water, introduced at the end of 19th century, considerably reduced the spread of cholera and typhoid fever. However, despite these innovations, waterborne disease epidemics continue even in the 20th century. We contend that this is partly because little attention has been paid to sewage practices and these are directly related to our health as the source of contamination, while much attention has been focused on drinking water. We propose that to achieve “safe water” and an improvement in global health worldwide in the 21st century, we must address wastewater problems learning from the past and we must use new advances such as molecular microbiology for pathogen discovery, and characterization and control of emerging and re-emerging waterborne diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document