scholarly journals Ongoing measles outbreak in Elche, Spain, 29 January to 9 March 2012

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Delgado de los Reyes ◽  
M Arencibia Jiménez ◽  
J F Navarro Gracia ◽  
E Alonso Echabe ◽  
P García Puente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Preventive Services ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
First Case ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Health Centres ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

On 29 January 2012, the first case of measles in Elche, Spain, since 2001 was notified through the epidemiological surveillance system of the Valencian Community. As of 9 March, 109 cases have been notified. The outbreak started in a neighbourhood where the vaccination coverage of the population is inadequate. This report highlights the need to vaccinate the susceptible population and also points to the importance of developing coordinated measures between public health centres and hospital preventive services.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Surveillance System on Foodborne Diseases in Brazil after 10-Years of Its Implementation: Completeness Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cainara Draeger ◽  
Rita Akutsu ◽  
Wilma Araújo ◽  
Izabel da Silva ◽  
Raquel Botelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
General Category ◽  
General Classification ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

This study aimed to evaluate the data quality of the Brazilian Epidemiological Surveillance System on Foodborne Diseases (VE-DTA) through the evaluation of the completeness of the record after 10-years of its implementation. The study evaluated the measurement of completeness by quantifying ignored, incomplete or blank responses of the data items filled. The evaluation used the percentage of completion of these items regarding the total number of notifications registered in the system. We organized the results according to the general Category of completeness of the database, by year of notification and region of occurrence. We also evaluated the overall completeness percentages of the database and the completeness levels according to the degree of recommendation of completion of each variable (mandatory, essential, and complementary) by the VE-DTA manual. The system presented 7037 outbreaks of foodborne diseases. According to the completeness classification, the database presented general classification as Category 1 since it has 82.1% (n = 5.777) of variables with the level of completion up to 75.1%. We observed that 8.6% of the database was classified as category 2; 9.2% as category 3 and 0.1% as category 4. The improvement on database quality regarding completeness can positively impact on public health and public policies, reducing the number of FBDs deaths.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Case Prediction and Outbreak Control of Navy Cluster in Sri Lanka: Effectiveness of SIR Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.W.A.N.Y. Wijesekara ◽  
Nayomi Herath ◽  
K.A.L.C Kodituwakku ◽  
H.D.B. Herath ◽  
Samitha Ginige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Infectious Period ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
First Case

Abstract Introduction: Infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can spread dangerously fast in semi-confined places. Nevertheless, it has been found that rapid public health interventions such as isolation and quarantine could successfully curtail such outbreaks. An outbreak of COVID-19 was reported within a cluster of Navy personnel in the Western Province of Sri Lanka commencing from 22nd April 2020. An epidemiological investigation followed by aggressive public health measures were implemented by the Epidemiology Unit of the Ministry of Health with the support of the Sri Lanka Navy in response to the above outbreak. The objective of this research was to predict possible number of cases within the susceptible population in Sri Lanka Navy, to be used primarily for operational planning purpose by the Ministry of Health in control of outbreak in Sri Lanka.Methods: COVID-19 Hospital Impact Model for Epidemics (CHIME) developed by Predictive Health Care Team at Penn Medicine, which was a Susceptibility, Infected and Removed (SIR) model was used. The model was run on 20.05.2020 for a susceptible population of 10400, with number of hospitalized patients on the day of running the model being 357, first case hospitalized on 22.04.2020 and social distancing being implemented on 26.04.2020. Social distancing scenarios of 0, 25, 50 and 74% were run with 10 days of infectious period and 30 days of projection period.Results: With increasing social distancing measures, the peak number of infected persons decreased, as well as the duration of the curve extended. The number of infected cases from the first case ranged from 49th day to 54th day under social distancing scenarios from 0% to 74%. The doubling time increased from 3.1 days to 4.1 days from no social distancing to application of 74% social distancing, with corresponding decrease of Ro from 3.54 to 2.83. Expected daily growth rate of COVID-19 cases has decreased from 25.38 % to 18.53% under aforementioned increasing social distancing scenarios. The observed or actually experienced number of cases were well above the projected number of cases up to 07.05.2020, however, since this date the reported number of cases were lower than the projected number of cases from the model under four social distancing scenarios considered. Similar pattern was noted for the observed or actually experienced number of cases until the 20.05.2020, however, since then it was continuing at a very low intensity until the end of the modelling period. The number of COVID-19 cases prevented as per the model ranged from 2.3 – 21.1 %, compared to the base line prediction of no social distancing. However, based on the observed number of cases and the baseline model with no social distancing, 90.3% reduction was observed by the time of the model application date.Conclusion: The research demonstrated the practical use of a prediction model made readily available through an online open source platform for the operational aspects of controlling a COVID-19 or similar communicable disease outbreaks in a closed community such as armed forces. While comprehensive epidemiological surveillance, contact tracing, case isolation and case management should be the cornerstone of outbreak management, predictive modelling could supplement above efforts.

scholarly journals Natural infection of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) by trypanosomatids in two different environments in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, State of Rondônia, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionatas Ulisses de Oliveira Meneguetti ◽  
Olzeno Trevisan ◽  
Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo ◽  
Renato Moreira Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
The State ◽  
High Index ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Digestive Tube ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

INTRODUCTION: This study analyzed the occurrence and the contamination of triatomines by trypanosomatids in Orbignya speciosa (babassu) specimens in the State of Rondônia, Brazil, in two different environments (pasture and woods). METHODS: Capture of triatomines on babassus and microscopic search for trypanosomatids in their digestive tube were carried out. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-four (494) specimens were captured (Rhodnius prolixus and R.robustus), of which 35.6% of the triatomines were positive for trypanosomatids. CONCLUSIONS: The high index of natural infection along with the abundance of triatomines points out to the necessity to create an epidemiological surveillance system to monitor vector-borne transmission and deepen the studies on the ecology of such vectors in the Amazon.

Homicide Epidemic in Cali, Colombia: A Surveillance System Data Analysis, 1993‒2018

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e8
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Guerrero-Velasco ◽  
Víctor Hugo Muñoz ◽  
Alberto Concha-Eastman ◽  
Álvaro J. Pretel-Meneses ◽  
Maria I. Gutiérrez-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

Objectives. To examine homicide rates in Cali, Colombia, during the 1993–2018 period, using information derived from an interagency surveillance system. Methods. We used homicide data from Cali’s Epidemiological Surveillance System to examine homicide trends by victim’s age and sex, time, and type of method used. We estimated trend changes and the annual percentage changes using joinpoint regression analyses. Results. Homicide rates per 100 000 inhabitants dropped from 102 in 1993 to 47.8 in 2018. We observed reductions in homicide rates across age and sex groups. Most homicide victims were men aged 20 to 39 years from poor, marginalized areas. Firearms were used in 84.9% of all cases. The average annual percentage change for the entire period was −3.6 (95% confidence interval = −6.7, −0.4). Conclusions. Fluctuations in homicide rates in Cali show a clear epidemic pattern, occurring concurrently with the “crack epidemic” in different countries. Reliable and timely information provided by an Epidemiological Surveillance System allowed opportune formulation of public policies to reduce the impact of violence in Cali. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 10, 2021: e1–e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306254 )

scholarly journals Profiling Cases With Nonrespiratory Symptoms and Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections in Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Yaxmehen Bello-Chavolla ◽  
Neftali Eduardo Antonio-Villa ◽  
Arsenio Vargas-Vázquez ◽  
Carlos A Fermín-Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Márquez-Salinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

Abstract We profiled cases with nonrespiratory symptoms (NRS) and asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections assessed within Mexico City’s Epidemiological Surveillance System. Initially asymptomatic or NRS cases have decreased risk of adverse outcomes compared with cases with respiratory symptoms. Comorbidity and age influence symptom development in initially asymptomatic cases.

Development of a web-based epidemiological surveillance system with health system response for improving maternal and newborn health: Field-testing in Thailand

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tippawan Liabsuetrakul ◽  
Tagoon Prappre ◽  
Pakamas Pairot ◽  
Nurlisa Oumudee ◽  
Monir Islam
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Maternal And Newborn Health ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Automatic Data Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

Surveillance systems are yet to be integrated with health information systems for improving the health of pregnant mothers and their newborns, particularly in developing countries. This study aimed to develop a web-based epidemiological surveillance system for maternal and newborn health with integration of action-oriented responses and automatic data analysis with results presentations and to assess the system acceptance by nurses and doctors involved in various hospitals in southern Thailand. Freeware software and scripting languages were used. The system can be run on different platforms, and it is accessible via various electronic devices. Automatic data analysis with results presentations in the forms of graphs, tables and maps was part of the system. A multi-level security system was incorporated into the program. Most doctors and nurses involved in the study felt the system was easy to use and useful. This system can be integrated into country routine reporting system for monitoring maternal and newborn health and survival.

scholarly journals Rabies in herbivores in the state of Piauí during 2007 to 2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Ana Virginia Piauilino SANTOS ◽  
Mikaela Lopes de CALDAS ◽  
Manoel Henrique KLEIN JUNIOR ◽  
Airton Leôncio Dutra da SILVA ◽  
Francisco Das Chagas CARDOSO FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Laboratory Result ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

Rabies is an acute contagious infectious disease, mainly characterized by nervous symptoms that can affect all mammals. It is characterized by sometimes signs of aggression, and others by paresis, paralysis and acute viral encephalitis. This study aimed to describe, by using the basis of the data recorded in the Continental Epidemiological Surveillance System , SivCont, the epidemiological profile of rabies of herbivores in Piauí in 2007 to 2011. Durante the period there were reported 66 cases of nervous syndromes in the state of Piaui, where 35 cases were confirmed positive laboratory result for rabies in herbivores, and of this total, 94%were in cattle. Also noted is that there are areas in the state of Piaui without nerve syndromes notifications, showing the complete "epidemiological silence", suggesting situations of underreporting, even when in the vicinity there have been outbreaks of disease. Situations like this suggests the necessity of an increase in animal health protection actions, actions in health education, covering all segments of the community and intensifying surveillance activities.

scholarly journals Epidemic Manifestations of Tuberculosis in Regions of Siberia with Various Prevalence of HIV Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Pasechnik ◽  
V. L. Stasenko ◽  
A. I. Bloh
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Siberian Federal District ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

On the territory of the Siberian Federal District 2005 - 2014 period was characterized by a moderate tendency to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis and marked increase in the incidence of HIV infection. The subjects of the Siberian Federal District, the prevalence of HIV infection in which exceeded the level of 705.0 per 100 thousand people, had significant differences in the incidence rates of tuberculosis (115.4), the prevalence of tuberculosis (278.6 per 100 thousand), disability (73.3 per 100 thousand) and deaths from TB infection (25.5 per 100 thousand). The unfavorable short-term outlook for the morbidity of HIV-associated tuberculosis requires a change in approaches to epidemiological surveillance system for HIV and TB.

scholarly journals Brazilian Foodborne Disease National Survey: Evaluating the Landscape after 11 Years of Implementation to Advance Research, Policy, and Practice in Public Health

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cainara Draeger ◽  
Rita Akutsu ◽  
Renata Zandonadi ◽  
Izabel da Silva ◽  
Raquel Botelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance System

The poor control of public and private agencies regarding the quality of foods offered to populations has a significant impact on the occurrence of foodborne diseases. Precise information about foodborne diseases (FBD) can adequately inform policy-makers and help to allocate appropriate resources for the control of food safety. This study aimed to evaluate the Brazilian foodborne disease landscape after 11 years of implementation of the Epidemiological Surveillance System of Foodborne Diseases. The study analyzed secondary data from the National System of Injuries and Notifications (SINAN-NET), available from the Health Department. We evaluated the characteristics of FBD, such as the food involved, the location of ingestion, the total time to the outcome investigation, the microorganism involved and deaths. We also calculated the global incidence, mortality and lethality rates of the country. There were 7630 FBD outbreaks in the National Epidemiological Surveillance System of Foodborne Diseases (VE-DTA). Of the registered reports, a total of 134,046 individuals were sick with FBD; 19,394 were hospitalized, and there were 127 registered deaths. We found a coefficient of incidence of FBD of 67.57 per 100,000 inhabitants; a mortality coefficient of 0.06 per 100,000 inhabitants and lethality of 0.09% over the 11 years investigated. Data are probably underreported since the VE-DTA system lacks completeness, and because FBD symptoms are mostly mild, a large part of the population does not seek care from health services.

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