scholarly journals Meeting report from the Third European Congress of Virology, 1-5 September 2007 in Nuremberg, Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
Collective Editorial team
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Editorial Team ◽  
Meeting Report ◽  
The Third ◽  
European Congress ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
The Many

Nuremberg was the third European city to host the European Congress of Virology in September this year (http://www.eurovirology.org). Some 1,500 scientists from Europe and elsewhere came together to share their knowledge on basic and applied research in clinical, veterinary and plant virology. The main focus was on human pathogenic viruses, providing a platform where basic research and clinical application came into contact. The topics covered all areas of research in virology, from basic molecular biology and immunology to epidemiology, vaccine development, and diagnostics. For this meeting report, the Editorial team has selected some of our highlights out of the many excellent keynote lectures and workshop contributions.

Ökonomie der Grundlagenforschung und Wissenschaftspolitik

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidrun C. Hoppe ◽  
Wilhelm Pfähler
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Public Provision ◽  
The Third ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Research Investments

Abstract This paper has four major objectives. The first is to emphasize the fundamental but mostly overlooked role of instrumentation and experimental technique in linking basic and applied research. The second is to provide an overview of the major economic effects of basic research investments. The third is to discuss reasons for public provision and support of basic research. And the fourth aim is to argue in favour of a reorientation of science policy towards the support of instrumentation and education in experimental laboratories.

Basic and Applied Research in Education: Definitions, Distinctions, and Implications

1968 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research In Education ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

The author draws on the natural and social sciences to illustrate differences and interactions between applied and basic research in education. From this discussion he concludes that there is ample justification for further financial and intellectual support of the basic research component in education, and calls for a better balance in the support of basic and applied educational research.

scholarly journals Child Witness Expressions of Certainty are Informative

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Winsor ◽  
Heather D Flowe ◽  
Travis Morgan Seale-Carlisle ◽  
Isabella Killeen ◽  
Danielle Hett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
List Learning ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Witness Literature ◽  
Police Lineup ◽  
Accuracy Relationship

Children are frequently witnesses of crime. In the witness literature and legal systems, children are often deemed to have unreliable memories. Yet, in the basic developmental literature, young children can monitor their memory. To address these contradictory conclusions, we reanalysed the confidence-accuracy relationship in basic and applied research. Confidence provided considerable information about memory accuracy, from at least age 8, but possibly younger. We also conducted an experiment where children in young- (4–6 years), middle- (7–9 years), and late- (10–17 years) childhood (N=2,205) watched a person in a video, and then identified that person from a police lineup. Children provided a confidence rating (an explicit judgement), and used an interactive lineup—in which the lineup faces can be rotated—and we analyzed children’s viewing behavior (an implicit measure of metacognition). A strong confidence-accuracy relationship was observed from age 10, and an emerging relationship from age 7. A constant likelihood ratio signal-detection model can be used to understand these findings. Moreover, in all ages, interactive viewing behavior differed in children who made correct versus incorrect suspect identifications. Our research reconciles the apparent divide between applied and basic research findings and suggests that the fundamental architecture of metacognition that has previously been evidenced in basic list-learning paradigms also underlies performance on complex applied tasks. Contrary to what is believed by legal practitioners, but similar to what has been found in the basic literature, identifications made by children can be reliable when appropriate metacognitive measures are used to estimate accuracy.

Hill, Kenneth C. (editor in chief), Hopi dictionary/Hopìikwa lavàytutuveni: A Hopi-English dictionary of the Third Mesa dialect, with an English-Hopi finder list and a sketch of Hopi grammar. Compiled by the Hopi Dictionary Project, Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology, University of Arizona. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1998. Pp. xviii, 900. Hb $85.00.

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-482
Author(s):  
William Bright
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Editorial Team ◽  
Indian Language ◽  
The Third ◽  
University Of Arizona ◽  
The World

This volume, containing some 30,000 entries, takes its place as one of the most sophisticated and comprehensive dictionaries ever prepared for an American Indian language; indeed, it is among the best dictionaries available for any language of the world, and a model for future lexicographers of “neglected” languages. The editorial team – including Hill, Emory Sekaquaptewa, Mary E. Black, Ekkehart Malotki, and the late Michael Lomatuway'ma – compiled the work in consultation with a large team of elder Hopi speakers from the westernmost Third Mesa (the villages of Oraibi, Kykotsmovi, Hotevilla, Bacavi, and Moencopi). Entries include information on inflection, definitions, examples (often illustrating aspects of Hopi culture), etymologies, and synonymy, as in the following sample entry:(1) kyàasom|ta (∼tota)vn.p. cook creamed corn. Hakim tùupeptote' mit pay hingsavàwyat hakim poyot akw ang sispayangwu; pu' hak ∼tangwu; kyasmi pamningwu. When they roast sweet corn in the pit oven, they scrape the kernels off the very short ears and cook them by boiling; that is creamed corn. kyàasom-ta [creamed:corn-caus] Syn. kyàasomkwiva.

Towards a Sociology of KOS and More Basic KO Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-510
Author(s):  
Philip Hider
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Organization ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Critical Tradition ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

It is suggested that the knowledge organization (KO) field places greater emphasis on basic research that examines the sociology of KO systems (KOS) and the broader, environmental reasons for the development of both formal and informal KOS. This approach is contrasted with applied KO, which focuses on the practical construction or improvement of specific KOS. The preponderance of applied research in the field of KO is confirmed, at least within the document-centric strand more closely aligned with library and information science, through a survey of articles in the Knowledge Organization journal published between 2009 and 2018. The survey utilized the Frascati Manual definitions for basic and applied research, and referenced Tennis’s classification of KO research (2008). There is considerable potential for building on the critical tradition of KO, with various areas ripe for further sociological investigation. A sociology of KOS could also be accommodated in the popular KO approach of domain analysis.

scholarly journals Science and Suspicion: Maxim Gorky’s Children of the Sun as a Critical Mirror in Times of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 174387212096805
Author(s):  
Hub Zwart
Keyword(s):  
Applied Research ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Global North ◽  
Contemporary Perspective ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Maxim Gorky ◽  
The Relationship

From a contemporary perspective, the current COVID-19 pandemic is undoubtedly an extraordinary event, but historically speaking pandemics are periodically recurring phenomena and intimately connected with socio-economic processes of globalisation. Therefore, history may serve as a backdrop for coming to terms with the present, by comparing current challenges with previous events that are both sufficiently similar and sufficiently different. In this article, the COVID-19 crisis will be assessed from a humanities perspective, using a pandemic drama entitled Children of the Sun (written by Russian novelist and playwright Maxim Gorky in 1905) as a critical mirror. In Gorky’s play, the pandemic as a disruptive event reveals a number of tensions and divides, between science and society first of all, but also between socio-economic classes and subcultures, which become interconnected through globalisation but evolve at an uneven pace. Thus, Gorky’s drama addresses a number of themes that are still relevant for COVID-19 controversies, such as the relationship between basic and applied research, global competition and vaccine development, science and suspicion, and the socio-economic unevenness between the global North and the global South.

scholarly journals Back to Basics: Basic Research Spillovers, Innovation Policy, and Growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Akcigit ◽  
Douglas Hanley ◽  
Nicolas Serrano-Velarde
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Public Research ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Research Sector ◽  
Research Expenditures ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

Abstract This article introduces a general equilibrium model of endogenous technical change through basic and applied research. Basic research differs from applied research in the nature and the magnitude of the generated spillovers. We propose a novel way of empirically identifying these spillovers and embed them in a framework with private firms and a public research sector. After characterizing the equilibrium, we estimate our model using micro-level data on research expenditures by French firms. Our key finding is that uniform research subsidies can accentuate the dynamic misallocation in the economy by oversubsidizing applied research. Policies geared towards public basic research and its interaction with the private sector are significantly welfare-improving.

scholarly journals Philosophical Review on the Basic & Action Research Methods-A Critical Analysis

2018 ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep M.D.
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Status ◽  
Basic And Applied Research

Research means searching for knowledge by utilizing appropriate scientific and systematic approach. It presumes the status of human voyage for the discovery by exploring ones inquisitive urge to gain knowledge over the unidentified aspects connected to life. Research aim to acquire new knowledge or expansion of existing information through some value additions. Varied forms of research methods are adopted to find appropriate solutions for diversified problems of the society. The decision on the application of Basic and Applied research can be better done on the scrutiny of nature of prevailing problem and its solutions. Knowledge domain would get stagnated unless new practical discoveries are conducted with the help of applied research. Even though all basic research will not lead to create new knowledge, it certainly helps to identify new application for conducting applied research on the existing problems by providing required tools and raw materials for the study intern deliver utilitarian benefits to the society. This study puts light on the implications of basic as well as applied research methodologies by reviewing into its evolution, features, steps, merits and demerits. It also tries to distinguish between basic research and applied research focusing upon its utility aspects.

scholarly journals Improving linkages between earthquake engineering research and practice

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
John Mander
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Research To Practice ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Collaborative Engagement ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
The Many

Researchers, funding agencies, practicing professionals, end users and owners are often frustrated with the protracted process from research to practice. From the inception of new ideas, concept development, basic and applied research, product development, codification to final mainstream practice, considerable time is needed for success. For earthquake engineering, this is especially true due to the broad nature of the discipline. To help understand this process from research to practice, three simple behavioural mod- els are given: series, parallel and open market. These models are explained by critical review of seven case studies. For a successful transition from research to practice it is shown that a collaborative engagement between academia, the design professions and industry is necessary. It is concluded that for new ideas to be mainstreamed into general practice, enhanced undergraduate programmes are needed along with design professionals that can also teach and conduct basic research across the many facets of earthquake engineering.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Activities in Postsecondary Education

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-40
Author(s):  
Steve O. Michael ◽  
Edward A. Holdaway
Keyword(s):  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Student Needs ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Postsecondary education in western countries has experienced four major phases in this century. An elite phase persisted until about 1945 when a reconstructionist phase emerged, reflecting a more democratic approach. The third phase of reductions in funding and support characterized the 1980s. Inadequate revenues to meet rising costs, government measures, and institutional efforts to become more market-oriented can be viewed as complementary developments which were largely responsible for the current entrepreneurial phase. Entrepreneurial aspects of postsecondary education include the extent to which users should pay, the balance between market-related and purely academic activities, the relative emphases upon basic and applied research, fundraising, and greater involvement of institutions and individuals in obtaining patents, licences, and cooperating with sizeable companies. A more entrepreneurial emphasis has implications for postsecondary administrators, especially in the matters of budget allocations, the need for more training of administrators, and increased attention to student needs. While a greater market orientation is warranted, care must be exercised to ensure that the academic mandate remains paramount.

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