scholarly journals PUBLIC (COMMUNITY) COLLEGES AS A COMPONENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS IN THE USA

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
M. Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Community College ◽  
Community Colleges ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
Wide Range

The article describes the features of public (community) US colleges as a part of the US system. This reference provides some aspects of the community college in America. The mission of America’s community colleges is focused on three areas of commitment: access, responsiveness to community need, and equity. It is found that US community colleges are focused primarily on meeting the needs of the local community and cooperation with it, providing training for local organizations and businesses. They offer a wide range of educational programs for the training specialists who are prepared directly for work in the workplace and continuing education (academic (associate degree), labor and vocational (vocational and occupational education) programs; programs in adult education and continuing education, ensuring the implementation of the concept of “life-long learning” corporate training programs for the needs of a particular company or organization, etc.), as well as providing correction a previous level of education and, in some cases, providing a complete secondary education. Community colleges in the United States have a considerable popularity, which is growing every year. Community colleges serve the region where they are located, usually a city and district. College students often study in various forms of education (day, evening, distance form) and have the opportunity to work during the day. The commitment to access is exemplified by the open admissions policies of community colleges and the multiple ways colleges remove financial, physical, and academic barriers to entry. That access has resulted in entry into higher education by first generation, low-income, minorities, dropouts, working adults, and others who lacked the financial, academic, time, or location means to participate in traditional higher education systems. The author summarizes the experience of public (community) US colleges through the prism of the feasibility of its implementation in the domestic educational practice. A special interest of educational manager of Ukrainian colleges is paid on issues concerning governance, financing, access into higher education and cooperation with employers at community colleges. This article will be valued by everyone interested in the past, present, and future of the community college in America.

Practical Approaches to Higher Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Kotzmann
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach

This chapter explores the real-life operation of six higher education systems that align with the theoretical models identified in Chapter 2. Three states follow a largely market-based approach: Chile, England, and the United States. Three states follow a largely human rights-based approach: Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. The chapter describes each system in terms of how it aligns with the particular model before evaluating the system in relation to the signs and measures of successful higher education systems identified in Chapter 3. This chapter provides conclusions as to the relative likelihood of each approach facilitating the achievement of higher education teaching and learning purposes.

Community College Infrastructure

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Uttam Gaulee
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Community College ◽  
Community Colleges ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
National Economies

The idea of community colleges serves to disrupt elitism in higher education by countering social stratification that is created and maintained by conventional models of education around the world. At a time when countries seek to redefine their education policies towards stabilization, prosperity, and democratization of opportunities, the idea of community college offers a powerful connective solution to community, industry, and national economies. The powerful but flexible idea of community college infrastructure is open for adaptations through a wide range of unique economic contexts around the world.

The North American Community College and Australian Higher Education

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Harman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Community College ◽  
Community Colleges ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Student Transfer ◽  
The North ◽  
Education Today

This paper discusses the development of community colleges in the United States and Canada, outlines some of their key distinguishing characteristics and the main models that have developed with regard to student entry to higher education and student transfer between institutions, and attempts an evaluation of the community college idea, looking at both strengths and weaknesses. The paper then explores the possible relevance of the community college for Australian higher education today.

scholarly journals The Community College: Educating Students at the Margin Between College and Work

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Kane ◽  
Cecilia Elena Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Community College ◽  
Community Colleges ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financing Structure ◽  
Education Financing ◽  
Public Subsidies ◽  
Higher Education Financing ◽  
Training Institutions ◽  
The Impact

The authors provide background on the history and development of community colleges in the United States in the last half century and survey available evidence on the impacts of community colleges on educational attainment and earnings. They also weigh the evidence on the impact of public subsidies on enrollment at community colleges and explore some weaknesses in the current higher-education financing structure. Finally, the authors reflect on how students who have been responding to the rise in payoff to education are to be absorbed by our postsecondary training institutions.

scholarly journals The Death of the Public Community College

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
William E. Piland
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Community College ◽  
Community Colleges ◽  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Governmental Institutions

<p>Community colleges have been in existence for over 100 years in the United States. They began by offering the first two years of undergraduate education for students in local communities. Over the decades they evolved into comprehensive institutions of higher education with a multi-faceted mission. Today, in an era of accountability and mistrust of governmental institutions, they are under siege. There are external and internal forces that are causing their troubles. Perhaps, the unthinkable could happen and they might cease to exist if bold steps aren’t taken to save them. There appears to be little time to waste.</p>

scholarly journals The Re-alignment of Post-Secondary Education Systems in Canada

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Alexander Gregor
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Community College ◽  
Community Colleges ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Post Secondary Education ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Technical Institutes ◽  
New Community ◽  
Made In

This paper is concerned with the attempts that have been made in Canada during the 1960's and 1970's to define and develop systems of post-secondary education to include the various forms of institutions at that level (i.e., the universities, community colleges, technical institutes, etc.). Particular emphasis is placed on the attempts to define the appropriate relationships between the universities and the relatively new community college sector. Attention is given to the quite different nature of that latter sector in the various provincial jurisdictions, and to the more general issues that must be addressed in any attempt to co-ordinate institutions based on quite different goals and natures. The paper concludes that there are very clear limits that must be observed in any efforts to produce efficient and coordinated systems of higher education, if violence is not to be done to the basic nature and purposes of the constituent institutions.

scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF FORMATION AND THE PRESENT SOCIAL ROLE COMMUNITY COLLEGES USA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Community College ◽  
Community Colleges ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Research University ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Access To Higher Education

This article represents the results of the scientific research of the community colleges in USA. The author traces the development of community colleges in America from their earliest days through modern times, describing the social, political, religious, and economic factors that influenced their development. The community college evolved from at least seven sources of educational innovation: community boosterism and the rise of the research university (1880s and 1890s.); the advent of universal secondary education, the professionalization of teacher education, and the vocational education movement (from the educational reforms of the Progressive Era (1900–1916); open access to higher education, and the rise of adult and continuing education and community services (were primarily post–World War II phenomena). The community college is largely a phenomenon of twentieth-century American higher education. The label applies to an array of institutions that offer six-month vocational diplomas; one- and two-year vocational, technical, and pre-professional certificates; and two-year programs of general and liberal education leading to an associate degree. Two-year colleges may be public, private, proprietary, or special purpose, although public institutions represent the majority of community colleges in the twentieth-first century. Community colleges in the United States have a considerable popularity, which is growing every year. Community colleges serve the region where were placed, usually a city and district. College students often study in various forms of education (day, evening, distance form) and have the opportunity to work during the day. A special interest of educational manager of Ukrainian colleges is paid on issues concerning governance, financing, access into higher education and cooperation with employers at community colleges.

scholarly journals Reconceptualizing Student Engagement

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Ghazzawi ◽  
Lyle McKinney ◽  
Catherine Horn ◽  
Andrea Backsheider Burridge ◽  
Vincent Carales
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Community College ◽  
Community Colleges ◽  
International Students ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
International Student ◽  
The United States ◽  
Student Experiences ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Relevant Variables

International students in the United States have been increasingly attracted to community colleges as a starting point to higher education. Recently, their enrollment has been dropping. Research highlights the importance of student engagement to international students. However, few studies investigate their engagement experiences in community colleges. This study investigated the validity of the Community College Survey of Student Engagement (CCSSE) benchmarks as proxies for international student engagement in community colleges. The original CCSSE benchmarks were a poor fit for international students. Resulting constructs and underlying items differed significantly from the original benchmarks and demonstrated poor reliability. Findings highlight the inapplicability of CCSSE benchmarks in representing international student engagement. Recommendations include adding culturally relevant variables to the CCSSE structure more applicable to international student populations, and accompanying the survey with qualitative input for in-depth knowledge of international student experiences.

scholarly journals THE FORMALIZED ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF THE REGIONAL HIGHER SCHOOL THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE RATIO OF ENTRANCE AND OUTPUT STREAM SIZES

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (36) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Marat R. Safiullin ◽  
Aliya A. Abdukaeva ◽  
Leonid A. Elshin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
Output Stream ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting

In the context of globalization, the growth of the competitive environment at the interregional, national levels in the field of innovation development, the role of higher education as the main source of human resources and the formation of the innovation environment increases. The low level of development of higher education deprives the region of a certain independence, placing it in additional dependence on other systems - regional, national, economic, etc. In this regard, the study of trends in the development of higher education at the interregional level is an extremely urgent task, the solution of which will provide a process of monitoring and forecasting the prospects for the development of socio-economic systems in the medium and long term. At the same time, despite a wide range of scientific works devoted to the problem, there is still no unity in the scientific space in the sphere of formal evaluation of the effectiveness of the development of regional higher education systems. In this regard, this study proposes approaches aimed at methodological support of solving the problem. The main feature of the work is the use of methods of comparison of input and output stream values, characterizing the parameters of the regional higher school. Using the approaches of rationing of the analyzed indicators and the subsequent development on this basis of the efficiency indices, multicomponent calculations are carried out, evaluating the indicators, characterizing the return on invested capital of regional higher education systems in the form of an integrated assessment of their effectiveness per 1 ruble of financial costs. As a result of the implemented assessments, the regions of the Volga Federal district are identified, characterized by moderate and strong positions in the field of generating effects, characterizing their effectiveness in comparison with the invested financial resources.  

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