scholarly journals Influence of main tillage methods on barley yield in the Lower Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Pavlovich Polyakov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Tyutyuma
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Harsh Climate ◽  
The Impact

Light-chestnut soils of the arid zone of the North of the Astrakhan region, even if all the standards of agricultural engineering are observed, are characterized by unfavorable agrochemical and water-physical properties for most crops. To successfully solve the problems associated with increasing adaptation of zonal agriculture to harsh climate conditions, it is necessary to search for new resource-saving technologies. The purpose of the work is to identify the impact of resource-saving methods of basic soil cultivation on the yield of spring barley in the semi-desert conditions of the North of the Astrakhan region. The organization of field experiments, observations and laboratory analyses were carried out according to the method of conducting field experiments Dospekhov B. A. and Guidelines for conducting field experiments with forage crops (research Institute of feed). The results of the conducted field experiments and laboratory studies give reason to speak about the feasibility of using a resource-saving soil-cultivating organ ROPA in the zone of unstable moisture in the North of the Astrakhan region. Loosening this unit contributes to an increase of 25% of the total spring stock of soil moisture. The introduction of this deep tillage (H=0.40-0.45 m) and tools for its implementation (ROPA) allows you to get in the rain-fed conditions of the arid zone of the North of the Astrakhan region from one hectare of arable land to 1.24 tons of barley Vakula and 1.30 tons of barley Ratnik.

The Cost of Civil War

1652 ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 171-214
Author(s):  
David Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
French Population ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
French Foreign Policy ◽  
Harsh Climate ◽  
Military Activity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This chapter takes an analytical approach to the question of first how civil war undermined the earlier achievements of French foreign policy, and then how armies and their destructiveness greatly worsened the impact of the harsh climate conditions of the years since 1648. It examines in particular the impact that a winter campaign fought across France had on the established means by which troops and their commanders replenished their resources during the winter quartering of troops in the provinces. The falls of Dunkirk, Casale-Monferrato, and Barcelona are each examined in terms of growing resource scarcity, demoralization, and the inability to organize adequate relief for the besieged garrisons. The impact of successive harsh winters and wet, poor summers is then considered, showing how even without civil war the French population would have suffered intensely under the impact of three successive poor harvests. However, the destructiveness of the troops, both to secure their own survival and as a deliberate military policy to deprive enemy forces of support, hugely worsened the situation. The chapter proposes that at least 25 per cent of the population died in the areas of intense or regular military activity, and that the impact of the destruction persisted well into the subsequent decade.

scholarly journals Impact of Intercropping Sorghum and Okra on the Incidence of Flea Beetles of Okra Podagrica spp in Dalwa, Maiduguri Semi-Arid Zone of Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
M.M. Degri ◽  
I.B. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fruit Formation ◽  
Semi Arid

Field experiments were conducted at faculty of Agriculture teaching and research farm, university of Maiduguri in 2010 and 2011 rainy seasons. The aim was to investigate the impact of intercropping sorghum with okra on the incidence of flea beetle of okra (Podagrica spp) in the semi-Arid zone of Nigeria. The results showed that sole crop okra suffered flea beetle attack which affected its growth, fruit formation, fruit weights and fruit yield. Intercropping okra with sorghum significantly reduced the flea beetle populations, leaf damage caused by Podagrica spp (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). While increasing number of leaves for photosynthetic activities, plant height, fruit formation, fresh fruit weight and total fruit yield. The study concluded that okra intercropping at 1:1, 1:2 and 2:2 are the most efficient and productive intercrop systems in flea beetle management. Okra intercropping with cereal sorghum was found to be good for sustainable agriculture and organic farming in Nigeria due to its numerous advantages, particularly with respect to insect pests’ control.

scholarly journals Analyses of Yield and Economic Response from Foliar Fungicide and Insecticide Applications to Soybean in the North Central United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
Daren S. Mueller ◽  
Chad E. Hart ◽  
Nathan R. C. Bestor ◽  
Carl A. Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
The United States ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Foliar Fungicide ◽  
The Impact

Foliar disease and insect management on soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) in the North Central region of the United States has been increasingly accomplished through foliar fungicide and insecticide application. Data from research trials conducted in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Nebraska were compiled from 2008 to 2014 to determine the impact of fungicide, insecticide, and fungicide + insecticide applications on soybean yield and profitability. In each state, field experiments occurred each year in two to seven locations. All treatments were applied at the R3 growth stage. Disease and insect pressure were very low in all states and years. A foliar application of fungicide, insecticide, or the combination, increased yield in seven out of 14 total site-years (P < 0.10). Economic analysis using an average soybean price of $0.42 per kilogram and average application cost of $62 per hectare indicated that fungicide applications were only profitable in 14% of the trial site-years. Insecticide alone and fungicide + insecticide was profitable in 39% and 45% of site-years, respectively. Effect of fungicide class on yield was inconsistent. Our results indicate that although yield increases can occur with foliar fungicide and/or insecticide treatments, current market prices and application costs may limit profitability when disease and/or insect pressure is low. Accepted for publication 22 September 2016.

scholarly journals Development and use of synanthropic phytocenoses with complex invasion in Kaluga region

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Valeriy Anatolyevich Burlutskiy ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Mazurov ◽  
Ivan Evgenievich Osokin ◽  
Aleksandr Fedorovich Peliy ◽  
Polina Sergeevna Semeshkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Lupinus Polyphyllus

Currently, less than 33% of arable land is used in Meshchovskoye Opolye. Optimizing technology elements of resource-saving development of synanthropic fallow phytocenoses with complex invasion is relevant. The article is devoted to analysis of development of self-organizing phytocenoses with varying invasion degrees and their use on lands temporarily withdrawn from active agricultural use. Field experiments were carried out on postagrogenic gray forest loamy soils in Kaluga Research Institute of Agriculture in 2006-2018. Influence of mineral fertilizers as an optimization element of technology of fallow development was studied using transects and permanent survey sites on the area of 12.0 ha. The reasons for change in productivity and its determining elements in hayfields in autogenous - allogenic phytocenoses were analysed. We established that economic value of plant communities was determined by potential of constituent species and variability of their productivity in years with various environmental conditions. 12 years later phytocenoses become homogeneous and consist of 10-12 main plant species, determining green mass productivity by 75%. Compared to native species invasive plant species have 1.4-2.0 fold higher productivity which accounts for 60% and more productivity of phytocenoses. Transforming role of Erigeron canadensis L., Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. and Solidago gigantea Ait. on their expansion into aboriginal herb (share in mowed mass - 40% or more) communities was shown; their high adaptive potential for ecological-soil conditions of Meshchovskoye Opolye (center of Nonchernozem Zone of Russia) was established. Application of mineral fertilizers (P40K90) in the secondary Trifolium medium phytocenoses (more than 40%) contributed to 2.4-fold increase in its productivity (from 1.38 to 3.29 kg/m2) and increased productivity stability by 60%, reducing low-value species in crop structure by 1.6 times. The total area of cenopopulations increased by 10.4-21.5%, yields - from 2.31 to 4.41 kg/m2.

scholarly journals Effect of Humic Substances on Nutrient Status and Yield of Onion (Allium Cepa L.) in Field Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Anita Osvalde ◽  
Andis Karlsons ◽  
Gunta Čekstere ◽  
Solveiga Maļecka
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Humic substances (HS) extracted from various organic materials have been shown to stimulate plant growth. However, scarce information is available on the impact of different methods of application of HS on nutrient status of vegetable species, especially in soil and climate conditions of the temperate zone. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pre-plant (bulblet soaking) and foliar application of commercially-produced peat and vermicompost-derived HS preparations on nutrient status and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.) in field experiments using two farming systems - conventional and organic. Although the effect was variable between nutrients, dependent on timing, application methods and farming systems, pre-plant and foliar HS tested was hardly effective in preventing nutrient (S, Zn, B) deficiencies limiting onion yield. Moreover, HS induced changes that significantly reduced nutrient status of organically grown onion and had detrimental effect on yield. Although one-year results did not suggest a benefit from HS application, further studies are necessary to evaluate the possible effectiveness of peat and vermicompost extracts on onion production in Latvia.

scholarly journals Application of widely used fungicides does not necessarily affect grain yield, and incidence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins DON, HT-2 and T-2 in spring barley in northern climates

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Karron ◽  
Eve Runno-Paurson ◽  
Heino Lõiveke ◽  
Bulat Islamov ◽  
Mary-Liis Kütt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Clear Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Grain Contamination ◽  
Main Factor

Fungicides are widely used to reduce Fusarium infections and grain contamination by mycotoxins and increase the yield in cereals, but the efficacy of fungicide treatments in varying climates has not been systematically explored. Field experiments with Estonian spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. ‘Maali’ were carried out in three successive years 2012–2014 with strongly varying weather conditions to study the effects of three fungicides, Folicur (active ingredient tebuconazole), Falcon Forte (prothioconazole, tebuconazole, spiroxamine) and Archer Top (fenpropidin, propiconazole), on the yield, incidence of Fusarium spp. and on the contamination of grain with mycotoxins DON, HT-2 and T-2. The fungicides were sprayed once a year at spring barley flowering time. The weather conditions during the three years of study were extremely different. The content of cycotoxin DON, HT2 and T2 was low. The spraying with fungicides had not a clear effect on the barley yield and 1 000 kernel weight, and the study year was primarily the main factor that affected barley yield (p<0.05) and 1 000 kernel weight (p<0.05). The impact of year together with fungicide treatment had a significant effect on the incidence of Fusarium spp. (p<0.05) and on the incidence of mycotoxin DON in barley kernels (p<0.001), but did not have a clear effect on the incidence of mycotoxins HT2 and T2.

scholarly journals Reducing the impact of adverse summer-autumn pasture conditions on livestock performance: results from farmer experience

2001 ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
R.W. Webby ◽  
L.C.J. Johnstone ◽  
R. Sherlock
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Performing ◽  
The North ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Alternative Feeding ◽  
The Impact

A group of 12 farmers managing a total of 8845 ha in the West Waikato Region of the North Island, conducted a project to understand and overcome poor livestock performance during the summer- autumn period. Pastures and livestock were monitored to measure the impact of the conditions. Metabolisable energy (ME) of pasture averaged 9.0, 9.8 and 9.3 mega joules per kg of dry matter over the 3 years of study and elevated levels of pasture toxins were consistently found from mid- January to the end of May. To counter these conditions, farmers adopted varying strategies including pasture management and alternative feeding (silage and forage crops). A computerbased tool that enabled the user to make livestock feeding decisions based on the pasture cover, the ME of the pasture, and the quantity and ME of a feed supplement was developed. Farmers were able to reduce the proportion of damaged livers in lambs from 60 to 40% of the flock, which was against the district trend. When the right strategies were implemented, lamb and cattle liveweight gains increased from 52 to 146 g/day and 0.34 to 0.5 kg/day respectively. On average, ewe reproductive performance also improved during the period from 2.4 to 2.8% of lambs scanned/kg ewe body weight. The project emphasised to farmers that their resident pastures did not meet the needs of a high performing livestock production system and that alternative feeding strategies were required if higher performance was to be achieved. Keywords: Androvax, livestock feeding, metabolisable energy, pasture toxins, zinc

scholarly journals Information and analytical system “Ecology of agrobiocenoses”

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-263
Author(s):  
Tatyana Voloshenkova ◽  
Denis Belov ◽  
Andrey Likhovid
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analytical System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction

The study of mechanisms of formation and patterns of interaction of individual components of agrobiocenoses involves the processing of large arrays of heterogeneous geographically distributed data obtained at different times and in different soil and climatic conditions. In this regard, we have begun the development of an information-analytical system and related software that will allow us to accumulate, store and conduct a consolidated analysis of unrelated data regarding long-term monitoring of agrobiocenoses and surrounding ecosystems. The general scheme of the information-analytical system “Ecology of agrobiocenoses” and its interaction with the means of remote sensing of the Earth and the capabilities of GIS technologies has been formed. Based on free software, cloud computing systems, the elements of a web-oriented information system have been developed to create databases characterizing the leading abiotic, biotic, technological aspects of agrobiocenoses. A relational database model has been formed that allows the collection, storage and consolidation of entered information. Modules have been developed to collect the main characteristics of resource-saving technologies for crop cultivation, as well as the impact of winter wheat harvesting methods on combine harvester productivity and yield. The practical example shows that the analysis of a wide range of heterogeneous information in combination with GIS technologies which give a clear spatio-temporal localization of objects makes it possible to identify patterns of interaction between the components of agrobiocenoses, which at first glance are not related to each other. The data of technological field experiments and separately conducted observations of avifauna and mouse-like rodents were studied. It was established that the forage base of birds and the highest population density of rodents coincide geographically with cultivation using direct sowing technology, which caused a significant loss of winter wheat in the autumn-winter period in these areas.

scholarly journals Effect of Long-Term N, P, and K Fertilizer Application on the Grain Yield of Spring Barley Grown in Different Soil and Climate Conditions: Results from Čáslav, Lukavec and Ivanovice 2005-2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Petr Šrek ◽  
Eva Kunzová
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
K Fertilizer

Effect of Long-Term N, P, and K Fertilizer Application on the Grain Yield of Spring Barley Grown in Different Soil and Climate Conditions: Results from Čáslav, Lukavec and Ivanovice 2005-2008The effect of N, P and K application on the grain yield of spring barley in 2005-2008 within three long-term field experiments (Čáslav, Ivanovice, Lukavec) was evaluated. In these experiments, nitrogen at rates of 50, 77.6, 105 and 132.5 kg N ha-1, phosphorus at rates of 14 and 29.4 kg P ha-1and potassium at 59 and 96.4 kg K ha-1was annually applied to the treat-ments during that period. Four years summarizing shows that the optimal application rate of fertilizers resulting in a grain yield above 6 t ha-1was 105 kg N ha-1, 14 kg P ha-1and 96.4 kg K ha-1in Čáslav and above 7 t ha-1was 78 kg N ha-1, 14 kg P ha-1and 59 kg K ha-1in Ivanovice. The rate of N 132.5 kg ha-1in Lukavec increased the grain yield more than three-fold (from 1.94 to 6.12 t ha-1) and probably was not sufficient to obtain the highest grain yield in this locality. No significant difference was recorded between grain yields in P and K fertilizing treatments in any of the three stations. The key result is that degraded chernozem (in Ivanovice) and greyic phaeozem (in Čáslav) demonstrate a high and long-term stable natural fertility, but yields of spring barley of low productive sandy-loamy Cambisol is strongly affected by high rates of nitrogen application.

scholarly journals The impact of onion cultivation at irrigation on the productivity of spring barley in the system of dry farming in the North-Western Pre-Caspian

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Natalya Ivanovna Matveeva ◽  
Yury Nikolaevich Petrov ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Kalmykova ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Kalmykova ◽  
Viktor Bisengalievich Narushev
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Dry Farming ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Western

They are given technological schemes for the rational development of the agricultural lands of the periodic irrigation of the North-Western Pre-Caspian. Experimental studies were carried out to study the water and physical properties of periodically irrigated light chestnut soils in the system of dry farming in the North-Western Pre-Caspian. Observations, accounting and economic calculations were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. During all the years of research, barley yields on periodically irrigated plots, regardless of the meteorological conditions of the growing season, were higher than the corresponding indicators on rainfed plots by 1,5...3,0 times. The average yield of barley grain was 2.43 t / ha - after onion, 0.91 t / ha –after autumn ploughing. Crops after onions with drip irrigation were distinguished by high profitability - from 57.5 to 173.4% (on average – 129.5%), whereas, crops on dry-farming land were unprofitable from eight years in three because of the dry conditions of the vegetation period. The developed technology of periodic irrigation in conjunction with climatic factors and soil conditions of the North-Western Pre-Caspian, as well as the technical means of its implementation, makes it possible to significantly reduce the degradation processes of the irrigated soils of the region and reduce the cost of producing spring grain crops.

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